This document describes the design of a Bluetooth-based automatic irrigation system. It uses sensors like soil moisture, humidity, water level, and light intensity sensors connected to an Arduino board to monitor the field conditions. Based on the sensor readings, the Arduino can turn the motor and sprinklers on or off via a relay. The system status is displayed on an LCD and also sent as alerts to the farmer's smartphone via Bluetooth. The document discusses existing automatic irrigation systems, the proposed system design including a block diagram and Proteus simulation, and concludes the Bluetooth-based system is low-cost, efficient and helps reduce farmer workload.
Microcontroller based adaptive irrigation system using wsn for variety crops ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Microcontroller based adaptive irrigation system using wsn for variety crops ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Automated Irrigation System using WSN and Wi-Fi ModuleIJERA Editor
The objective of the developed system is to encourage the efficient water management practices that optimize the usage of water by keeping the crop health and yield intact through the implementation of automated irrigation system. The microcontroller-based solution consists of distributed wireless network (WSN), base or control station and user interface. Each sensor node will have soil-moisture, temperature and humidity sensors placed in the farmland. These WSNs are powered by battery. Base station will collect the sensor information through the use of RF transceiver. An algorithm is developed to monitor soil-moisture and temperature to control the water volume depending upon the set threshold. Base station also sends the sensor information to remote database for logging through Wi-Fi interface. Web application is developed that enables the user for remote monitoring of data and control certain parameters like soil moisture threshold, manual override of water flow, etc.
A REAL – TIME IRRIGATION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE USING WSN I...IJCSEA Journal
Agricultural sector is playing vital role in Indian economy, in which irrigation mechanism is of key concern. Our paper aims to find the exact field condition and to control the wastage of water in the field and to provide exact controlling of field by using the drip irrigation, atomizing the agricultural environment by using the components and building the necessary hardware. For the precisely monitoring and controlling of the agriculture filed, different types of sensors were used. To implement the proposed
system ARM LPC2148 Microcontroller is used. The irrigation mechanism is monitored and controlled more efficiently by the proposed system, which is a real time feedback control system. GSM technology is used to inform the end user about the exact field condition. Actually this method of irrigation system has been proposed primarily to save resources, yield of crops and farm profitability.
Intelligent Agricultural System with Weather MonitoringIJSRD
The embedded technology is now in its prime and wealth of knowledge available is mind blowing. Embedded project has new opportunities for the peasants and benefits them in various aspects. The system has been proposed to monitor the Weather and Control the Humidity of Agricultural Land. This Project Main objective is to control the Water Pump Motor whenever Soil Moisture Decreases below average level using Microcontroller. This Project also Monitor the Rain Possibilities and environmental Temperature. And a detail of weather condition has send to authorized Mobile number. Index Terms Solar Panel, Sensors, Cell phone, Microcontroller, GSM modem.
Drip irrigation system using embedded systems an initiative of saving watereSAT Journals
Abstract Water is one of the basic needs of all living beings. Fresh water is less than 1% on Earth [I] and the usage of water is increasing day by day. Agriculture practices alone requires huge amount of water. In this paper, the basic motive is to save water and prevent wastage of water by using drip irrigation technology. In Drip irrigation the water is poured just above the roots in the form of droplets. Water is given to the roots drop by drop which not only saves water but also prevents the plants from flooding and decaying due to excessive water released by irrigation methods like flood irrigation- border irrigation, furrow irrigation, check basin irrigation [II]. In this paper, microcontroller based drip irrigation method is proposed, which controls, monitors, automatically ON/OFF the water pump and gives feedback. Drip irrigation using embedded systems is one of the most efficient techniques used to save water as well as saving time and energy of the farmers. Using embedded technology in farming practices would ease the farming and farmers will be able to keep check on the crops. Keywords: Drip irrigation, ATmega32 microcontroller, moisture sensors, temperature sensors and GSM Module.
development of smart automated irrigation systemIJEAB
This study is designed to develop an automatic irrigation system that switches (ON/OFF) a pump motor by sensing the moisture content of the soil using wireless technology. Through GSM Modem, the sensed moisture content data will be sent as an SMS to the user. The project uses 8051 series microcontroller, which is programmed to receive the input signal of varying moistures of the soil through sensors. This is achieved by using an op-amp as comparator which acts as interface between the sensing device and the microcontroller. Once the controller receives the signal, it generates an output that drives a relay for operating the water pump. It also sends an SMS to the concerned number using GSM modem. An LCD display is also interfaced to the microcontroller to display the status of the soil and water pump ON/Off condition. The sensing arrangement is made using two stiff metallic rods inserted to the agricultural field required to be in control. Connections from the metallic rods are interfaced to the control unit. This concept can also be enhanced by integrating XBEE/Bluetooth technology, such that whenever the water pump switches ON/OFF, the information is sent to a smart mobile phone or XBEE transceiver module regarding the status of the pump.
Advancement of a smart fibrous capillary irrigation management system with an...journalBEEI
This paper presents the development work for integrating an Internet of Things (IoT) with a fibrous capillary irrigation system based on the climatic demand estimated by the weather condition. The monitoring and control using an IoT system is critical for such application that is targeted for precision irrigation. The fibrous capillary irrigation system is managed by manipulating a water supply depth using the potential evapotranspiration (ETo). A soil mositure sensor was used to monitor the progress of the root water uptake and input the fuzzy logic system, to determine the water requirements for the crop medium. Experiment was conducted by using a Choy sum plant as the test crop grown in a greenhouse. The monitoring of the demand and management of the watering system was successful. The ETo data was able to approximate the crop water requirement in near real time.
Implementation of agricultural automation system using web & gsm technolo...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This project probes into the implementation of agricultural automation system using WEB and GSM technologies. This Embedded project is to design and develop a low cost system which is based on embedded platform for agricultural automation. Optimum usage of water is main objective of this system. This project uses soil moisture sensor and temperature sensor to detect the water quantity present in agriculture and water level sensor is used for detecting water level in tank. In this system we monitor status of the sensors through WEB and GSM technologies. Here temperature, soil moisture and water level can be monitored on web page through micro controller and information will be send by SMS. This page contains all the information about the status of the sensors. This information will be viewed at remote location by using GPRS technology. Key words: WEB and GSM technologies, Embedded platform, Soil moisture sensor, Temperature sensor.
Water is an essential thing for crops and plants in agriculture. In traditional agriculture systems are take large amount of time to watering the crops lands and also have a lots of water wastes. Avoiding these problems drip irrigation systems are introduced. Drip irrigation technique is the best and efficient technique to supply the water to plants/crops in effective manner. In our IoT based smart and automatic drip irrigation system is solve the problems in existing systems and also provide the many features to farmers. This system is using Wemos D1 ESP 8266 which controls all sensors and send and receive the sensing values through the internet. In this paper explains the over view installation, system design and working of system. Shilpa. A"Smart Drip Irrigation System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12888.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/12888/smart-drip-irrigation-system/shilpa-a
Many farmers are facing lot of problems in agricultural occupation, every year farmers are experiencing huge losses due to plant disease. Disease on plants reduces the quality as well as the quantity of the crops. It is difficult to monitor the plant disease manually, even though farmers have prior knowledge on the plant disease, it requires tremendous amount of work and excessive processing time. In this paper we will provide the brief idea to solve the former problem by developing Agricultural Robot, which will continuously monitor the farm under the guidance of the operator and we will make use of image processing technique to find the disease on plant leaf. And if disease is found user can make the robot to spray proper amount of pesticide to the disease affected region or to the whole plant. This system resulted in detection of plant disease and spray pesticides in proper amount.
IOT BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM BY EXPLOITING DISTRIBUTED SENSORIAL NETWORK IJCSEA Journal
In this research the Internet of Things (IoT) based smart irrigation system is developed for large scale
farming to ensure appropriate water management as well as to minimize unnecessary water utilization.
This system can control water wastage for irrigation purpose by using wireless sensor network (WSN) and
IoT. Each WSN node contains a unit of combined sensors which has been made by several external sensors
such as soil moisture, soil pH, and temperature sensor along with Node MCU for data transmission in the
cloud. Other nodes are distributed in the field to collect field data for different positions and this
information is sent to the server. Data processing and analysis are performed according to the proposed
algorithm. Obtained result as well as weather forecasting report is checked for three days from a
developed android app. The accomplished result is sent to the farmers through SMS; depending upon the
SMS, farmers take necessary steps for watering or not in the crops field through IoT. Using the particular
sensors in this system along with microcontroller board plays an important aspect for bringing automation
for a particular model. In this work wireless sensor technology in irrigation purposes can show the
direction to the rural farming community to replace some of the traditional techniques.
Real Time Monitoring of Self Propelled Center Pivot Irrigation System using M...ijtsrd
Agriculture is very important in everyday day life. Without agriculture we cannot satisfy our daily needs such as food. The process of developing the agriculture is very difficult as it depends on season, rainfall, water, soil, humidity etc. Rainfall is the important factor among this. Due to the changes of the season the rainfall is not constant, due to the lack of rainfall the farming land becomes dry and the irrigation of crops is very difficult for the farmers. This is the major problem in the agriculture. To overcome this in olden days the farmers used variety of irrigation systems for better crop production. Irrigation is nothing but watering the crops in cultivating land. The irrigations such as drip irrigation, springler irrigation, surface, subsurface irrigation are commonly used in many countries. These irrigation can perform a different characteristics and functions for a better crop production. Drip irrigation method was used in Israel by using the tubes and pipes. The springler irrigation method was used in Australia. These two irrigation system are now commonly used in India. In this irrigation the drop of water is send to crops but the water is insufficient and crops does not grow faster. Here we propose a new method of irrigation called center pivot irrigation system. The system is constructed in the center of farmland. It consists of sprinkler at the top and it sprinkles the water uniformly to all the crops. The crops get enough water and yield in a good manner. By using this method there is no water loss. M. Anusudha | B. Banupriya | A. Godhawari | Mr. J. Asokan ""Real Time Monitoring of Self Propelled Center Pivot Irrigation System using Microcontroller"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30191.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/30191/real-time-monitoring-of-self-propelled-center-pivot-irrigation-system-using-microcontroller/m-anusudha
Automated Irrigation System using WSN and Wi-Fi ModuleIJERA Editor
The objective of the developed system is to encourage the efficient water management practices that optimize the usage of water by keeping the crop health and yield intact through the implementation of automated irrigation system. The microcontroller-based solution consists of distributed wireless network (WSN), base or control station and user interface. Each sensor node will have soil-moisture, temperature and humidity sensors placed in the farmland. These WSNs are powered by battery. Base station will collect the sensor information through the use of RF transceiver. An algorithm is developed to monitor soil-moisture and temperature to control the water volume depending upon the set threshold. Base station also sends the sensor information to remote database for logging through Wi-Fi interface. Web application is developed that enables the user for remote monitoring of data and control certain parameters like soil moisture threshold, manual override of water flow, etc.
A REAL – TIME IRRIGATION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE USING WSN I...IJCSEA Journal
Agricultural sector is playing vital role in Indian economy, in which irrigation mechanism is of key concern. Our paper aims to find the exact field condition and to control the wastage of water in the field and to provide exact controlling of field by using the drip irrigation, atomizing the agricultural environment by using the components and building the necessary hardware. For the precisely monitoring and controlling of the agriculture filed, different types of sensors were used. To implement the proposed
system ARM LPC2148 Microcontroller is used. The irrigation mechanism is monitored and controlled more efficiently by the proposed system, which is a real time feedback control system. GSM technology is used to inform the end user about the exact field condition. Actually this method of irrigation system has been proposed primarily to save resources, yield of crops and farm profitability.
Intelligent Agricultural System with Weather MonitoringIJSRD
The embedded technology is now in its prime and wealth of knowledge available is mind blowing. Embedded project has new opportunities for the peasants and benefits them in various aspects. The system has been proposed to monitor the Weather and Control the Humidity of Agricultural Land. This Project Main objective is to control the Water Pump Motor whenever Soil Moisture Decreases below average level using Microcontroller. This Project also Monitor the Rain Possibilities and environmental Temperature. And a detail of weather condition has send to authorized Mobile number. Index Terms Solar Panel, Sensors, Cell phone, Microcontroller, GSM modem.
Drip irrigation system using embedded systems an initiative of saving watereSAT Journals
Abstract Water is one of the basic needs of all living beings. Fresh water is less than 1% on Earth [I] and the usage of water is increasing day by day. Agriculture practices alone requires huge amount of water. In this paper, the basic motive is to save water and prevent wastage of water by using drip irrigation technology. In Drip irrigation the water is poured just above the roots in the form of droplets. Water is given to the roots drop by drop which not only saves water but also prevents the plants from flooding and decaying due to excessive water released by irrigation methods like flood irrigation- border irrigation, furrow irrigation, check basin irrigation [II]. In this paper, microcontroller based drip irrigation method is proposed, which controls, monitors, automatically ON/OFF the water pump and gives feedback. Drip irrigation using embedded systems is one of the most efficient techniques used to save water as well as saving time and energy of the farmers. Using embedded technology in farming practices would ease the farming and farmers will be able to keep check on the crops. Keywords: Drip irrigation, ATmega32 microcontroller, moisture sensors, temperature sensors and GSM Module.
development of smart automated irrigation systemIJEAB
This study is designed to develop an automatic irrigation system that switches (ON/OFF) a pump motor by sensing the moisture content of the soil using wireless technology. Through GSM Modem, the sensed moisture content data will be sent as an SMS to the user. The project uses 8051 series microcontroller, which is programmed to receive the input signal of varying moistures of the soil through sensors. This is achieved by using an op-amp as comparator which acts as interface between the sensing device and the microcontroller. Once the controller receives the signal, it generates an output that drives a relay for operating the water pump. It also sends an SMS to the concerned number using GSM modem. An LCD display is also interfaced to the microcontroller to display the status of the soil and water pump ON/Off condition. The sensing arrangement is made using two stiff metallic rods inserted to the agricultural field required to be in control. Connections from the metallic rods are interfaced to the control unit. This concept can also be enhanced by integrating XBEE/Bluetooth technology, such that whenever the water pump switches ON/OFF, the information is sent to a smart mobile phone or XBEE transceiver module regarding the status of the pump.
Advancement of a smart fibrous capillary irrigation management system with an...journalBEEI
This paper presents the development work for integrating an Internet of Things (IoT) with a fibrous capillary irrigation system based on the climatic demand estimated by the weather condition. The monitoring and control using an IoT system is critical for such application that is targeted for precision irrigation. The fibrous capillary irrigation system is managed by manipulating a water supply depth using the potential evapotranspiration (ETo). A soil mositure sensor was used to monitor the progress of the root water uptake and input the fuzzy logic system, to determine the water requirements for the crop medium. Experiment was conducted by using a Choy sum plant as the test crop grown in a greenhouse. The monitoring of the demand and management of the watering system was successful. The ETo data was able to approximate the crop water requirement in near real time.
Implementation of agricultural automation system using web & gsm technolo...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This project probes into the implementation of agricultural automation system using WEB and GSM technologies. This Embedded project is to design and develop a low cost system which is based on embedded platform for agricultural automation. Optimum usage of water is main objective of this system. This project uses soil moisture sensor and temperature sensor to detect the water quantity present in agriculture and water level sensor is used for detecting water level in tank. In this system we monitor status of the sensors through WEB and GSM technologies. Here temperature, soil moisture and water level can be monitored on web page through micro controller and information will be send by SMS. This page contains all the information about the status of the sensors. This information will be viewed at remote location by using GPRS technology. Key words: WEB and GSM technologies, Embedded platform, Soil moisture sensor, Temperature sensor.
Water is an essential thing for crops and plants in agriculture. In traditional agriculture systems are take large amount of time to watering the crops lands and also have a lots of water wastes. Avoiding these problems drip irrigation systems are introduced. Drip irrigation technique is the best and efficient technique to supply the water to plants/crops in effective manner. In our IoT based smart and automatic drip irrigation system is solve the problems in existing systems and also provide the many features to farmers. This system is using Wemos D1 ESP 8266 which controls all sensors and send and receive the sensing values through the internet. In this paper explains the over view installation, system design and working of system. Shilpa. A"Smart Drip Irrigation System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12888.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/12888/smart-drip-irrigation-system/shilpa-a
Many farmers are facing lot of problems in agricultural occupation, every year farmers are experiencing huge losses due to plant disease. Disease on plants reduces the quality as well as the quantity of the crops. It is difficult to monitor the plant disease manually, even though farmers have prior knowledge on the plant disease, it requires tremendous amount of work and excessive processing time. In this paper we will provide the brief idea to solve the former problem by developing Agricultural Robot, which will continuously monitor the farm under the guidance of the operator and we will make use of image processing technique to find the disease on plant leaf. And if disease is found user can make the robot to spray proper amount of pesticide to the disease affected region or to the whole plant. This system resulted in detection of plant disease and spray pesticides in proper amount.
IOT BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM BY EXPLOITING DISTRIBUTED SENSORIAL NETWORK IJCSEA Journal
In this research the Internet of Things (IoT) based smart irrigation system is developed for large scale
farming to ensure appropriate water management as well as to minimize unnecessary water utilization.
This system can control water wastage for irrigation purpose by using wireless sensor network (WSN) and
IoT. Each WSN node contains a unit of combined sensors which has been made by several external sensors
such as soil moisture, soil pH, and temperature sensor along with Node MCU for data transmission in the
cloud. Other nodes are distributed in the field to collect field data for different positions and this
information is sent to the server. Data processing and analysis are performed according to the proposed
algorithm. Obtained result as well as weather forecasting report is checked for three days from a
developed android app. The accomplished result is sent to the farmers through SMS; depending upon the
SMS, farmers take necessary steps for watering or not in the crops field through IoT. Using the particular
sensors in this system along with microcontroller board plays an important aspect for bringing automation
for a particular model. In this work wireless sensor technology in irrigation purposes can show the
direction to the rural farming community to replace some of the traditional techniques.
Real Time Monitoring of Self Propelled Center Pivot Irrigation System using M...ijtsrd
Agriculture is very important in everyday day life. Without agriculture we cannot satisfy our daily needs such as food. The process of developing the agriculture is very difficult as it depends on season, rainfall, water, soil, humidity etc. Rainfall is the important factor among this. Due to the changes of the season the rainfall is not constant, due to the lack of rainfall the farming land becomes dry and the irrigation of crops is very difficult for the farmers. This is the major problem in the agriculture. To overcome this in olden days the farmers used variety of irrigation systems for better crop production. Irrigation is nothing but watering the crops in cultivating land. The irrigations such as drip irrigation, springler irrigation, surface, subsurface irrigation are commonly used in many countries. These irrigation can perform a different characteristics and functions for a better crop production. Drip irrigation method was used in Israel by using the tubes and pipes. The springler irrigation method was used in Australia. These two irrigation system are now commonly used in India. In this irrigation the drop of water is send to crops but the water is insufficient and crops does not grow faster. Here we propose a new method of irrigation called center pivot irrigation system. The system is constructed in the center of farmland. It consists of sprinkler at the top and it sprinkles the water uniformly to all the crops. The crops get enough water and yield in a good manner. By using this method there is no water loss. M. Anusudha | B. Banupriya | A. Godhawari | Mr. J. Asokan ""Real Time Monitoring of Self Propelled Center Pivot Irrigation System using Microcontroller"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30191.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/30191/real-time-monitoring-of-self-propelled-center-pivot-irrigation-system-using-microcontroller/m-anusudha
SENSOR BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM WITH MONITORING AND CONTROLLING USING IN...ijasa
This paper presents the development of a sensor based smart irrigation system with the capabilities of remote monitoring and controlling of water usage in the agriculture field using Internet of Things (IoT). With the employment of IoT in irrigation system, all agricultural information can be viewed and controlled at the user's fingertips. The system consists of a microcontroller (Node MCU), sensors (soil moisture, DHT11), and irrigation of a water pump with a decision-making system. Sensors are linked to a Wi-Fi module (Node MCU) and are interdependent to provide increased sensitivity to the irrigation system. The data obtained will be uploaded to the cloud (ThingSpeak) and presented in the form of graphs accessible via the website. A web page is used to control the water pump for irrigation purposes. This paper is managed to meet all of its aims to help farmers in terms of time, project cost, labor, water consumption, power consumption, and reliability by implementing the IoT-based smart irrigation system.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.