The document provides a detailed literature review of designing an agribot. It discusses 11 previous research papers on various topics related to agricultural automation and robotics. The papers covered topics such as optical measurement systems for organic farming, smart irrigation systems, autonomous ploughing and seeding, use of IoT sensors to monitor crop field conditions, voice control of agricultural robots, use of ultrasonic sensors and Android applications to operate agribots, weed detection, and controlling agribots using mobile phones. The review provides summaries of the methodology and purpose of the agribots discussed in each paper. It concludes that agricultural robotics can help streamline operations to make the technology more productive, but challenges remain in differentiating weeds from crops
IRJET- IoT Enabled Precision Crop Field Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-enabled precision crop field monitoring system. Sensors are used to monitor soil moisture levels and temperature in agricultural fields. If temperature or moisture levels exceed thresholds, farmers are alerted via text message or phone call. Data is sent to farmers through GSM technology to allow remote monitoring. The system aims to improve crop yields by closely tracking environmental conditions and automating irrigation when needed. This allows for efficient field monitoring without constant physical presence and helps farmers make decisions to enhance crop quality and productivity.
IRJET- A Bluetooth Based Automatic Irrigation SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a Bluetooth-based automatic irrigation system. It uses sensors like soil moisture, humidity, water level, and light intensity sensors connected to an Arduino board to monitor the field conditions. Based on the sensor readings, the Arduino can turn the motor and sprinklers on or off via a relay. The system status is displayed on an LCD and also sent as alerts to the farmer's smartphone via Bluetooth. The document discusses existing automatic irrigation systems, the proposed system design including a block diagram and Proteus simulation, and concludes the Bluetooth-based system is low-cost, efficient and helps reduce farmer workload.
The document describes an agricultural machinery monitoring system and a smart greenhouse system. For the agricultural system, it monitors farm equipment operation data like area worked and tillage depth and calculates statistics. The greenhouse system uses IoT sensors to monitor temperature, humidity, light, and other factors and controls the environment automatically to optimize crop growth. Both systems transmit real-time data to cloud-based management platforms and mobile apps for monitoring and analysis.
This document describes an IOT system developed to help farmers improve decision making for agriculture. Sensors are used to measure field parameters like temperature, humidity, and soil moisture. This data is stored on a server and analyzed to calculate crop water requirements using the Penman-Monteith algorithm and recommend fertilizers based on soil NPK values. The system also generates irrigation schedules based on inputs like sowing date and soil moisture. It is implemented locally to provide analytics and insights to improve profits by optimizing water and energy use through better irrigation planning.
Agro IR 4.0-smart and next generation agro-farming-Fab labs to make anythingAbulHasnatSolaiman
Agriculture 4.0 is a term for the next big trends facing the industry, including a greater focus on precision agriculture, the internet of things (IoT) and the use of big data to drive greater business efficiencies in the face of rising populations and climate change. Makerspaces or Fab labs around the world can contribute in big margin to make prototypes reducing cost and makerspaces will be actions towards IR 4.0 in Bangladesh
This document discusses a proposed smart farming system using IoT that allows remote monitoring of farms. Sensors would monitor soil moisture, temperature, humidity and other field conditions. If conditions drop below thresholds, a raspberry pi control unit would automatically activate water pumps via a relay module to irrigate the fields. Farmers could also control irrigation manually via a mobile app. The system aims to optimize water usage, increase crop yields, and allow farmers to remotely monitor field conditions through an automated and intelligent irrigation process.
This document discusses Internet of Things (IoT) applications in agriculture. It describes how IoT can help with crop water management through soil moisture sensors, pest management using motion sensors, and precision agriculture. Sensors monitor soil moisture and detect predator movement, sending alerts to farmers. This allows for optimized irrigation, reduced crop damage, water conservation, and increased productivity and profits for farmers.
IRJET- Intelligent Fruit Drying System using Infrared Radiation Heating M...IRJET Journal
This document proposes an intelligent fruit drying system using infrared radiation heating to dry grapes into raisins. It aims to improve on traditional sun and shade drying methods. The system uses a vacuum chamber with an infrared filter and radiators powered by solar panels. Sensors monitor temperature, humidity, light intensity and weight. A microcontroller automatically controls the drying process based on sensor readings. It turns infrared radiators on and off and the vacuum pump to efficiently dry grapes into raisins with uniform quality in a reduced time period compared to traditional methods. The system is intended to benefit farmers by providing a weather-independent drying process that maintains fruit quality and leads to profit optimization.
IRJET- IoT Enabled Precision Crop Field Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-enabled precision crop field monitoring system. Sensors are used to monitor soil moisture levels and temperature in agricultural fields. If temperature or moisture levels exceed thresholds, farmers are alerted via text message or phone call. Data is sent to farmers through GSM technology to allow remote monitoring. The system aims to improve crop yields by closely tracking environmental conditions and automating irrigation when needed. This allows for efficient field monitoring without constant physical presence and helps farmers make decisions to enhance crop quality and productivity.
IRJET- A Bluetooth Based Automatic Irrigation SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a Bluetooth-based automatic irrigation system. It uses sensors like soil moisture, humidity, water level, and light intensity sensors connected to an Arduino board to monitor the field conditions. Based on the sensor readings, the Arduino can turn the motor and sprinklers on or off via a relay. The system status is displayed on an LCD and also sent as alerts to the farmer's smartphone via Bluetooth. The document discusses existing automatic irrigation systems, the proposed system design including a block diagram and Proteus simulation, and concludes the Bluetooth-based system is low-cost, efficient and helps reduce farmer workload.
The document describes an agricultural machinery monitoring system and a smart greenhouse system. For the agricultural system, it monitors farm equipment operation data like area worked and tillage depth and calculates statistics. The greenhouse system uses IoT sensors to monitor temperature, humidity, light, and other factors and controls the environment automatically to optimize crop growth. Both systems transmit real-time data to cloud-based management platforms and mobile apps for monitoring and analysis.
This document describes an IOT system developed to help farmers improve decision making for agriculture. Sensors are used to measure field parameters like temperature, humidity, and soil moisture. This data is stored on a server and analyzed to calculate crop water requirements using the Penman-Monteith algorithm and recommend fertilizers based on soil NPK values. The system also generates irrigation schedules based on inputs like sowing date and soil moisture. It is implemented locally to provide analytics and insights to improve profits by optimizing water and energy use through better irrigation planning.
Agro IR 4.0-smart and next generation agro-farming-Fab labs to make anythingAbulHasnatSolaiman
Agriculture 4.0 is a term for the next big trends facing the industry, including a greater focus on precision agriculture, the internet of things (IoT) and the use of big data to drive greater business efficiencies in the face of rising populations and climate change. Makerspaces or Fab labs around the world can contribute in big margin to make prototypes reducing cost and makerspaces will be actions towards IR 4.0 in Bangladesh
This document discusses a proposed smart farming system using IoT that allows remote monitoring of farms. Sensors would monitor soil moisture, temperature, humidity and other field conditions. If conditions drop below thresholds, a raspberry pi control unit would automatically activate water pumps via a relay module to irrigate the fields. Farmers could also control irrigation manually via a mobile app. The system aims to optimize water usage, increase crop yields, and allow farmers to remotely monitor field conditions through an automated and intelligent irrigation process.
This document discusses Internet of Things (IoT) applications in agriculture. It describes how IoT can help with crop water management through soil moisture sensors, pest management using motion sensors, and precision agriculture. Sensors monitor soil moisture and detect predator movement, sending alerts to farmers. This allows for optimized irrigation, reduced crop damage, water conservation, and increased productivity and profits for farmers.
IRJET- Intelligent Fruit Drying System using Infrared Radiation Heating M...IRJET Journal
This document proposes an intelligent fruit drying system using infrared radiation heating to dry grapes into raisins. It aims to improve on traditional sun and shade drying methods. The system uses a vacuum chamber with an infrared filter and radiators powered by solar panels. Sensors monitor temperature, humidity, light intensity and weight. A microcontroller automatically controls the drying process based on sensor readings. It turns infrared radiators on and off and the vacuum pump to efficiently dry grapes into raisins with uniform quality in a reduced time period compared to traditional methods. The system is intended to benefit farmers by providing a weather-independent drying process that maintains fruit quality and leads to profit optimization.
Why apply IoT in agriculture? Special aspects to consider for
IoT in agriculture. IoT application in this field.
More information on our website: http://aggregate.tibbo.com/industries/agriculture.html
This document describes a solar-powered multi-tasking agricultural robot. The robot can perform grass cutting, fertilizer and pesticide spraying, and soil analysis functions. It is powered by solar energy from a 10W solar panel, using batteries to store the energy. An Arduino board controls four DC motors that power wheels for movement, a high-speed motor for grass cutting, and a motor that sprays contents from a fertilizer tank. Sensors measure soil temperature and moisture to determine appropriate fertilizer levels. The robot is operated via a Bluetooth mobile app for functions like forward/backward movement. It provides a cost-effective way to perform multiple agricultural tasks without external power sources.
IRJET-Phytomonitoring System for Plant Growth using Microcontroller and Senso...IRJET Journal
This document describes a phytomonitoring system for monitoring plant growth using sensors, microcontrollers, and wireless communication. The proposed system would use soil moisture, soil temperature, and air humidity sensors connected to a microcontroller at the transmitter. This would send sensor data wirelessly every 2 seconds to a receiver. The receiver would display the data on an LCD and control a motor based on soil temperature and humidity readings, allowing for automated irrigation when needed. The goals are to enable remote monitoring of plants, better irrigation management, higher yields, and reduced water and energy usage compared to traditional farming techniques.
IRJET- An Effective Automated Irrigation Control and Monitoring System us...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed automated irrigation control and monitoring system using Raspberry Pi. The system would use various sensors to measure soil moisture, temperature, humidity and detect pests or fires. If measurements are outside thresholds, the system could automatically adjust irrigation or send alerts. It would also use a webcam and edge detection to monitor crop growth and detect pests. Farmers could remotely monitor conditions and control irrigation using a mobile app via GSM connectivity. The goal is to help farmers more efficiently irrigate crops and respond quickly to issues.
IoT Based Agriculture Monitoring and Smart Irrigation System using Raspberry PiIRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-based smart irrigation system that monitors soil moisture, temperature, and humidity using sensors connected to a Raspberry Pi. The system aims to automate irrigation only when needed to reduce water waste and increase crop yields. Sensors collect environmental data and send it via WiFi to the Raspberry Pi, which then posts it to a cloud server. If sensor values like soil moisture fall below a threshold, a relay is activated to turn on a water pump until conditions improve. The system was tested successfully and could help farmers better manage water resources and irrigation. Future work may involve monitoring additional soil properties and estimating water usage.
IoT and Big Data an Enabler in Climate Smart AgricultureDassana Wijesekara
Climate change is causing unpredictable weather patterns that threaten agriculture. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) helps farming adapt to and mitigate climate change to ensure food security. An IoT sensor network can sense local conditions, analyze big data using edge computing, and predict weather to help farming adapt through a continuous feedback loop. Open data standards and an e-government platform can further support CSA goals.
IRJET- IoT Based Automated Irrigation System for AgricultureIRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-based automated irrigation system for agriculture that monitors soil moisture and temperature sensors to automatically provide water to fields. The system uses an Arduino microcontroller connected to sensors to monitor soil conditions and control a water pump. If the soil becomes too dry or hot, the system turns on the pump and sends a text message to notify farmers. This helps save water by preventing over-watering and allows farmers to monitor fields remotely. The system was tested on a field and successfully controlled irrigation based on sensor readings while sending status updates via SMS.
IRJET- Design and Development of Cost Effective Real Time Soil Moisture based...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a cost-effective, real-time soil moisture-based automatic irrigation system with GSM. The system aims to irrigate crops precisely based on soil moisture levels rather than on a fixed time or volume schedule. It uses an Arduino microcontroller, soil moisture sensors, a GSM module, and other hardware to automatically operate a pump and solenoid valve based on measured soil moisture levels. The system can be calibrated to set upper and lower soil moisture thresholds via a mobile phone. It monitors soil moisture continuously and sends text messages to notify users when irrigation starts or stops. The system was developed to overcome limitations of conventional irrigation and provide more precise watering as needed by crops.
Both climate change and global food demand are expected to become more severe in the upcoming decades. In terms of consistently growing population, the agricultural industry will need to embrace better methods to feed our people with a sufficient and healthy supply of food. The Internet of Things technology (IoT) is a breakthrough technology system that evolved from the convergence of wireless technologies and the Internet. Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication systems will be embedded in an objects’ manufacture and will operate automatically without human-to-computer interaction. This will allow information to be transmitted among wireless devices amongst the machines themselves. With IoT innovation, farmers and growers will be able to boost productivity, strengthen pest control and reduce possible energy waste during cultivation.
IRJET- Solar Powered Multifunctional Agricultural RobotIRJET Journal
The document describes the design of a solar-powered multifunctional agricultural robot that can perform multiple farming tasks simultaneously, including digging, seed sowing, land leveling, and spraying fertilizers or pesticides. The robot is controlled remotely using an Android application via Bluetooth and uses various motors and mechanisms to automate the different farming operations in order to reduce labor costs and increase efficiency. The overall aim of the project is to develop an affordable robotic system that can help minimize human effort in agriculture using renewable solar energy.
Today, majority of the farmers are dependent on agriculture for their survival. But
majority of the agricultural tools and practices are outdated and it yields less crop
products, because everything is depends on environment and Government support. The
world population is becoming more comparatively cultivation land and crop yield. It is
essential for the world to increase the yielding of the crop by adopting information
technology and communication plays a vital role in smart farming. The objective of this
research paper to present tools and best practices for understanding the role of
information and communication technologies in agriculture sector, motivate and make
the illiterate farmers to understand the best insights given by the big data analytics using
machine learning
The document describes the design and implementation of an automatic irrigation control system. The system uses sensors like soil moisture, water level, light, and temperature sensors to monitor the soil and environmental conditions. It then sends the sensor data to a microcontroller which processes the inputs and controls the irrigation outputs like water pumps and a buzzer accordingly. The microcontroller is programmed using embedded C language to automate the irrigation process based on the sensor values and minimize human intervention in irrigation activities. The system aims to improve crop yields through precise water application and conservation of water resources.
Drip irrigation system using embedded systems an initiative of saving watereSAT Journals
Abstract Water is one of the basic needs of all living beings. Fresh water is less than 1% on Earth [I] and the usage of water is increasing day by day. Agriculture practices alone requires huge amount of water. In this paper, the basic motive is to save water and prevent wastage of water by using drip irrigation technology. In Drip irrigation the water is poured just above the roots in the form of droplets. Water is given to the roots drop by drop which not only saves water but also prevents the plants from flooding and decaying due to excessive water released by irrigation methods like flood irrigation- border irrigation, furrow irrigation, check basin irrigation [II]. In this paper, microcontroller based drip irrigation method is proposed, which controls, monitors, automatically ON/OFF the water pump and gives feedback. Drip irrigation using embedded systems is one of the most efficient techniques used to save water as well as saving time and energy of the farmers. Using embedded technology in farming practices would ease the farming and farmers will be able to keep check on the crops. Keywords: Drip irrigation, ATmega32 microcontroller, moisture sensors, temperature sensors and GSM Module.
This document presents a smart poly-house irrigation system that uses IoT technologies. The system includes soil moisture and temperature sensors that collect data from the poly-house. An Arduino microcontroller receives the sensor data and controls the irrigation pumps and temperature regulation mechanisms based on threshold values. The system aims to automate the irrigation process with minimal human intervention. A user can monitor the system and receive reports through a mobile Android application. The system seeks to optimize water usage, reduce labor, and automatically adjust the poly-house temperature based on sensor readings. It compares the Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and ESP8266 platforms for IoT applications and identifies the advantages of each for different uses cases.
IRJET- Agriculture based Fruit Plucking RobotIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that developed an agricultural fruit picking robot. The robot combines a low-cost stereo-vision camera and robotic arm to autonomously harvest fruits. The stereo-vision camera detects fruit color, distance and position. This information is sent to the robotic arm to mechanically pluck the fruits. Testing in a laboratory environment demonstrated the robot's ability to pick fruits in a two-dimensional area. The ultimate goals are to test the system outdoors and allow independent operation of the robotic arm and a moving platform to expand the harvesting area.
IOT based smart security and monitoring devices for agriculture sneha daise paulson
Agriculture sector being the backbone of the Indian economy deserves security. Security not in terms of resources only but also agricultural products needs security and protection at very initial stage, like protection from attacks of rodents or insects, in fields or grain stores. Such challenges should also be taken into consideration. Security systems which are being used now a days are not smart enough to provide real time notification after sensing the problem. The integration of traditional methodology with latest technology as Internet of Things can lead to agricultural modernization. Keeping this scenario in mind an ‘Internet of Things’ based device have been designed, tested and analyzed which is capable of analyzing the sensed information and then transmitting it to the user. This device can be controlled and monitored from remote location and it can be implemented in agricultural fields, grain stores and cold stores for security purpose. This paper is oriented to accentuate the methods to solve such problems like identification of rodents, threats to crops and delivering real time notification based on information analysis and processing without human intervention. In this device, mentioned sensors and electronic devices are integrated using Python scripts. Based on attempted test cases, we were able to achieve success in 84.8% test cases.
Review on microcontroller based monitoring system for agricultureIRJET Journal
This document describes a microcontroller-based monitoring system for agriculture. It consists of sensors to measure soil moisture, temperature, and humidity. The sensor readings are sent to a microcontroller and displayed on an LCD. They are also transmitted wirelessly to a computer. If the soil moisture exceeds a threshold, the computer will activate a relay to turn on a water pump, thereby automatically irrigating the field. The system aims to remotely monitor environmental conditions and automate irrigation to improve crop yields in a low-cost and simple way.
1) The presentation discusses the use of IoT (Internet of Things) in agriculture, including how sensors can provide farmers real-time data on crop yields, weather, soil nutrition to improve techniques. 2) IoT applications presented include crop monitoring, weather monitoring, soil testing, farm machinery navigation using drones, robots, and sensors. 3) While IoT can save time, improve security and efficiency, barriers to adoption include lack of infrastructure, high costs, and issues around security and privacy.
IRJET- Remote Monitoring and Control System with Automatic Irrigation System ...IRJET Journal
This document describes a remote monitoring and control system with an automatic irrigation system and soil monitoring system for cotton crops. The system uses GSM and Bluetooth technology to remotely control irrigation via a smartphone. It also includes sensors to measure soil moisture, temperature, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) nutrient levels. The aim is to develop a wireless, three-level controlled smart irrigation system to automatically and efficiently irrigate plants while saving water and costs. Measurement of NPK levels helps determine appropriate fertilizer amounts to improve soil quality and crop yields.
IRJET - A Study on Smart Irrigation System using IoT & Machine LearningIRJET Journal
The document proposes a smart irrigation system using IoT and machine learning. The solar-powered system collects data from sensors on soil moisture, temperature, humidity and other factors. It uses machine learning algorithms to analyze the data and predict future conditions to automate irrigation. This aims to minimize water waste, human errors and increase farm revenue by precisely controlling irrigation based on real-time sensor data and predictions. The system is designed to be affordable and accessible to farmers through a smartphone app.
The document describes a solar-powered agricultural robot designed to assist farmers. The robot has four operating modes: 1) Ploughing, 2) Seed sowing, 3) Soil moisture monitoring, and 4) Weed removal. It is controlled remotely via SMS messages containing variables that specify the operation and area. The robot uses sensors to determine soil moisture levels and a microcontroller to automate tasks like opening soil, dropping seeds, and removing weeds. This cost-effective robot could help address labor shortages and improve yields for farmers.
Why apply IoT in agriculture? Special aspects to consider for
IoT in agriculture. IoT application in this field.
More information on our website: http://aggregate.tibbo.com/industries/agriculture.html
This document describes a solar-powered multi-tasking agricultural robot. The robot can perform grass cutting, fertilizer and pesticide spraying, and soil analysis functions. It is powered by solar energy from a 10W solar panel, using batteries to store the energy. An Arduino board controls four DC motors that power wheels for movement, a high-speed motor for grass cutting, and a motor that sprays contents from a fertilizer tank. Sensors measure soil temperature and moisture to determine appropriate fertilizer levels. The robot is operated via a Bluetooth mobile app for functions like forward/backward movement. It provides a cost-effective way to perform multiple agricultural tasks without external power sources.
IRJET-Phytomonitoring System for Plant Growth using Microcontroller and Senso...IRJET Journal
This document describes a phytomonitoring system for monitoring plant growth using sensors, microcontrollers, and wireless communication. The proposed system would use soil moisture, soil temperature, and air humidity sensors connected to a microcontroller at the transmitter. This would send sensor data wirelessly every 2 seconds to a receiver. The receiver would display the data on an LCD and control a motor based on soil temperature and humidity readings, allowing for automated irrigation when needed. The goals are to enable remote monitoring of plants, better irrigation management, higher yields, and reduced water and energy usage compared to traditional farming techniques.
IRJET- An Effective Automated Irrigation Control and Monitoring System us...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed automated irrigation control and monitoring system using Raspberry Pi. The system would use various sensors to measure soil moisture, temperature, humidity and detect pests or fires. If measurements are outside thresholds, the system could automatically adjust irrigation or send alerts. It would also use a webcam and edge detection to monitor crop growth and detect pests. Farmers could remotely monitor conditions and control irrigation using a mobile app via GSM connectivity. The goal is to help farmers more efficiently irrigate crops and respond quickly to issues.
IoT Based Agriculture Monitoring and Smart Irrigation System using Raspberry PiIRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-based smart irrigation system that monitors soil moisture, temperature, and humidity using sensors connected to a Raspberry Pi. The system aims to automate irrigation only when needed to reduce water waste and increase crop yields. Sensors collect environmental data and send it via WiFi to the Raspberry Pi, which then posts it to a cloud server. If sensor values like soil moisture fall below a threshold, a relay is activated to turn on a water pump until conditions improve. The system was tested successfully and could help farmers better manage water resources and irrigation. Future work may involve monitoring additional soil properties and estimating water usage.
IoT and Big Data an Enabler in Climate Smart AgricultureDassana Wijesekara
Climate change is causing unpredictable weather patterns that threaten agriculture. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) helps farming adapt to and mitigate climate change to ensure food security. An IoT sensor network can sense local conditions, analyze big data using edge computing, and predict weather to help farming adapt through a continuous feedback loop. Open data standards and an e-government platform can further support CSA goals.
IRJET- IoT Based Automated Irrigation System for AgricultureIRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-based automated irrigation system for agriculture that monitors soil moisture and temperature sensors to automatically provide water to fields. The system uses an Arduino microcontroller connected to sensors to monitor soil conditions and control a water pump. If the soil becomes too dry or hot, the system turns on the pump and sends a text message to notify farmers. This helps save water by preventing over-watering and allows farmers to monitor fields remotely. The system was tested on a field and successfully controlled irrigation based on sensor readings while sending status updates via SMS.
IRJET- Design and Development of Cost Effective Real Time Soil Moisture based...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a cost-effective, real-time soil moisture-based automatic irrigation system with GSM. The system aims to irrigate crops precisely based on soil moisture levels rather than on a fixed time or volume schedule. It uses an Arduino microcontroller, soil moisture sensors, a GSM module, and other hardware to automatically operate a pump and solenoid valve based on measured soil moisture levels. The system can be calibrated to set upper and lower soil moisture thresholds via a mobile phone. It monitors soil moisture continuously and sends text messages to notify users when irrigation starts or stops. The system was developed to overcome limitations of conventional irrigation and provide more precise watering as needed by crops.
Both climate change and global food demand are expected to become more severe in the upcoming decades. In terms of consistently growing population, the agricultural industry will need to embrace better methods to feed our people with a sufficient and healthy supply of food. The Internet of Things technology (IoT) is a breakthrough technology system that evolved from the convergence of wireless technologies and the Internet. Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication systems will be embedded in an objects’ manufacture and will operate automatically without human-to-computer interaction. This will allow information to be transmitted among wireless devices amongst the machines themselves. With IoT innovation, farmers and growers will be able to boost productivity, strengthen pest control and reduce possible energy waste during cultivation.
IRJET- Solar Powered Multifunctional Agricultural RobotIRJET Journal
The document describes the design of a solar-powered multifunctional agricultural robot that can perform multiple farming tasks simultaneously, including digging, seed sowing, land leveling, and spraying fertilizers or pesticides. The robot is controlled remotely using an Android application via Bluetooth and uses various motors and mechanisms to automate the different farming operations in order to reduce labor costs and increase efficiency. The overall aim of the project is to develop an affordable robotic system that can help minimize human effort in agriculture using renewable solar energy.
Today, majority of the farmers are dependent on agriculture for their survival. But
majority of the agricultural tools and practices are outdated and it yields less crop
products, because everything is depends on environment and Government support. The
world population is becoming more comparatively cultivation land and crop yield. It is
essential for the world to increase the yielding of the crop by adopting information
technology and communication plays a vital role in smart farming. The objective of this
research paper to present tools and best practices for understanding the role of
information and communication technologies in agriculture sector, motivate and make
the illiterate farmers to understand the best insights given by the big data analytics using
machine learning
The document describes the design and implementation of an automatic irrigation control system. The system uses sensors like soil moisture, water level, light, and temperature sensors to monitor the soil and environmental conditions. It then sends the sensor data to a microcontroller which processes the inputs and controls the irrigation outputs like water pumps and a buzzer accordingly. The microcontroller is programmed using embedded C language to automate the irrigation process based on the sensor values and minimize human intervention in irrigation activities. The system aims to improve crop yields through precise water application and conservation of water resources.
Drip irrigation system using embedded systems an initiative of saving watereSAT Journals
Abstract Water is one of the basic needs of all living beings. Fresh water is less than 1% on Earth [I] and the usage of water is increasing day by day. Agriculture practices alone requires huge amount of water. In this paper, the basic motive is to save water and prevent wastage of water by using drip irrigation technology. In Drip irrigation the water is poured just above the roots in the form of droplets. Water is given to the roots drop by drop which not only saves water but also prevents the plants from flooding and decaying due to excessive water released by irrigation methods like flood irrigation- border irrigation, furrow irrigation, check basin irrigation [II]. In this paper, microcontroller based drip irrigation method is proposed, which controls, monitors, automatically ON/OFF the water pump and gives feedback. Drip irrigation using embedded systems is one of the most efficient techniques used to save water as well as saving time and energy of the farmers. Using embedded technology in farming practices would ease the farming and farmers will be able to keep check on the crops. Keywords: Drip irrigation, ATmega32 microcontroller, moisture sensors, temperature sensors and GSM Module.
This document presents a smart poly-house irrigation system that uses IoT technologies. The system includes soil moisture and temperature sensors that collect data from the poly-house. An Arduino microcontroller receives the sensor data and controls the irrigation pumps and temperature regulation mechanisms based on threshold values. The system aims to automate the irrigation process with minimal human intervention. A user can monitor the system and receive reports through a mobile Android application. The system seeks to optimize water usage, reduce labor, and automatically adjust the poly-house temperature based on sensor readings. It compares the Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and ESP8266 platforms for IoT applications and identifies the advantages of each for different uses cases.
IRJET- Agriculture based Fruit Plucking RobotIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that developed an agricultural fruit picking robot. The robot combines a low-cost stereo-vision camera and robotic arm to autonomously harvest fruits. The stereo-vision camera detects fruit color, distance and position. This information is sent to the robotic arm to mechanically pluck the fruits. Testing in a laboratory environment demonstrated the robot's ability to pick fruits in a two-dimensional area. The ultimate goals are to test the system outdoors and allow independent operation of the robotic arm and a moving platform to expand the harvesting area.
IOT based smart security and monitoring devices for agriculture sneha daise paulson
Agriculture sector being the backbone of the Indian economy deserves security. Security not in terms of resources only but also agricultural products needs security and protection at very initial stage, like protection from attacks of rodents or insects, in fields or grain stores. Such challenges should also be taken into consideration. Security systems which are being used now a days are not smart enough to provide real time notification after sensing the problem. The integration of traditional methodology with latest technology as Internet of Things can lead to agricultural modernization. Keeping this scenario in mind an ‘Internet of Things’ based device have been designed, tested and analyzed which is capable of analyzing the sensed information and then transmitting it to the user. This device can be controlled and monitored from remote location and it can be implemented in agricultural fields, grain stores and cold stores for security purpose. This paper is oriented to accentuate the methods to solve such problems like identification of rodents, threats to crops and delivering real time notification based on information analysis and processing without human intervention. In this device, mentioned sensors and electronic devices are integrated using Python scripts. Based on attempted test cases, we were able to achieve success in 84.8% test cases.
Review on microcontroller based monitoring system for agricultureIRJET Journal
This document describes a microcontroller-based monitoring system for agriculture. It consists of sensors to measure soil moisture, temperature, and humidity. The sensor readings are sent to a microcontroller and displayed on an LCD. They are also transmitted wirelessly to a computer. If the soil moisture exceeds a threshold, the computer will activate a relay to turn on a water pump, thereby automatically irrigating the field. The system aims to remotely monitor environmental conditions and automate irrigation to improve crop yields in a low-cost and simple way.
1) The presentation discusses the use of IoT (Internet of Things) in agriculture, including how sensors can provide farmers real-time data on crop yields, weather, soil nutrition to improve techniques. 2) IoT applications presented include crop monitoring, weather monitoring, soil testing, farm machinery navigation using drones, robots, and sensors. 3) While IoT can save time, improve security and efficiency, barriers to adoption include lack of infrastructure, high costs, and issues around security and privacy.
IRJET- Remote Monitoring and Control System with Automatic Irrigation System ...IRJET Journal
This document describes a remote monitoring and control system with an automatic irrigation system and soil monitoring system for cotton crops. The system uses GSM and Bluetooth technology to remotely control irrigation via a smartphone. It also includes sensors to measure soil moisture, temperature, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) nutrient levels. The aim is to develop a wireless, three-level controlled smart irrigation system to automatically and efficiently irrigate plants while saving water and costs. Measurement of NPK levels helps determine appropriate fertilizer amounts to improve soil quality and crop yields.
IRJET - A Study on Smart Irrigation System using IoT & Machine LearningIRJET Journal
The document proposes a smart irrigation system using IoT and machine learning. The solar-powered system collects data from sensors on soil moisture, temperature, humidity and other factors. It uses machine learning algorithms to analyze the data and predict future conditions to automate irrigation. This aims to minimize water waste, human errors and increase farm revenue by precisely controlling irrigation based on real-time sensor data and predictions. The system is designed to be affordable and accessible to farmers through a smartphone app.
The document describes a solar-powered agricultural robot designed to assist farmers. The robot has four operating modes: 1) Ploughing, 2) Seed sowing, 3) Soil moisture monitoring, and 4) Weed removal. It is controlled remotely via SMS messages containing variables that specify the operation and area. The robot uses sensors to determine soil moisture levels and a microcontroller to automate tasks like opening soil, dropping seeds, and removing weeds. This cost-effective robot could help address labor shortages and improve yields for farmers.
FARMBOT FOR ONE-STOP MULTIFUNCTIONAL FARMING SOLUTIONIRJET Journal
This document describes a multifunctional farming robot called Farmbot. It is designed to minimize farmer labor and increase the speed and accuracy of agricultural work. Farmbot can perform functions like seed sowing, fertilizing, irrigation, temperature sensing, and obstacle detection using sensors and actuators controlled by an Arduino board. It also has a camera to capture crop images for disease detection using machine learning algorithms. The robot aims to automate agricultural operations through remote control via Bluetooth and help address issues like lack of farm labor and increased yields.
IRJET- Smart Green House using IOT and Cloud ComputingIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a smart greenhouse system that uses IoT and cloud computing to automatically monitor and control the greenhouse's environment.
2. Sensors measure soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and sunlight levels, and send the data to a Raspberry Pi controller.
3. If sensor readings exceed predefined thresholds, the Raspberry Pi activates devices like water sprayers, fans, and lights to regulate the environment and optimize plant growth.
IRJET - IoT based Mobile App for E-Farming using Decision Support System Irri...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed mobile app for e-farming using an Internet of Things (IOT) based decision support system for irrigation (DSSI) algorithm. The system would use soil moisture, temperature, and humidity sensors to collect environmental data and monitor crop conditions. The sensor data would be sent to a web panel via IOT and the DSSI algorithm would activate or deactivate irrigation accordingly. The goal is to help farmers remotely monitor fields and automate irrigation for optimal crop yields using precision agriculture techniques with IOT.
IRJET- Android based Instinctive Nutrition Add-On & Intensive Care for Smart ...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed smart agriculture system using IoT. The system uses sensors like temperature, moisture, and humidity sensors placed in crop fields to monitor soil conditions. A microcontroller controls water supply via relays based on sensor readings. An Android mobile app allows farmers to monitor field conditions remotely via the IoT. A robot with a camera is also used to detect plant diseases and automatically spray pesticides in infected areas. The system aims to optimize water and fertilizer use for crops through automated monitoring and control.
IRJET - IoT based Smart Agriculture Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes an IOT-based smart agriculture monitoring system that uses sensors to monitor soil moisture, temperature, humidity and detect animals on farms. The system includes sensors connected to an Arduino microcontroller that collects data from the sensors. The microcontroller analyzes the sensor data and sends alerts via SMS or the ThingSpeak IoT platform if readings are outside thresholds. This allows farmers to remotely monitor fields and resources and take timely action. The system aims to help farmers overcome challenges of traditional agriculture through automation and remote monitoring using emerging technologies like IOT.
IRJET- IoT based Automated Green House Monitoring and Control SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-based system for monitoring environmental parameters like temperature, humidity, and soil moisture inside a greenhouse using sensors, and controlling devices like pumps, fans, and sprayers automatically using a microcontroller based on the sensor readings to maintain optimal growing conditions. A robotic vehicle equipped with sensors moves around the greenhouse collecting data and environmental images that are sent to a user's mobile device via an IoT cloud connection to allow remote monitoring and control of the greenhouse parameters from anywhere. The system aims to optimize greenhouse management by automating monitoring and control tasks to reduce labor and improve crop yields.
IRJET- Factors in Selection of Construction Project Management Software in IndiaIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed secure intelligent drip irrigation system using IoT, cloud, and mobile applications. The system would use soil moisture sensors, a camera, and PIR sensors to automate irrigation based on soil moisture levels while also monitoring crop growth and detecting intruders. Farmers could control irrigation and check soil moisture levels through a mobile app. The system would operate using both solar and electric power to send sensor data even during power outages. This would help farmers efficiently irrigate crops while protecting the field in a low-cost automated system.
1. The document describes a smart irrigation system that uses IoT technology to optimize water usage for agriculture. It uses soil moisture sensors to detect moisture levels and an ESP8266 WiFi module to control a submersible water pump remotely via an Android app. This allows watering based on crop needs and avoids wasting water.
2. The system was implemented using an ESP8266 WiFi module, soil moisture sensor, relay, and submersible water pump. The sensor detects moisture and sends data to the ESP8266 module, which controls the pump via the relay. Farmers can monitor soil moisture and operate the pump remotely using the Android app.
3. This smart irrigation system saves both water and labor compared
This document describes an IoT-based smart farming system that uses sensors to monitor soil moisture, temperature, humidity and light intensity in order to more efficiently irrigate crops and optimize growing conditions. The system includes sensors connected to a microcontroller that collects environmental data and controls actuators like pumps and lights. If sensor readings exceed thresholds, actions are taken automatically to maintain optimal moisture, temperature and light levels. This smart farming approach aims to increase crop yields while reducing water and resource waste compared to traditional farming methods.
IRJET- Agricultural Parameters Monitoring System using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes an agricultural parameters monitoring system using IoT. The system uses sensors like soil moisture, temperature, humidity and gas sensors connected to a Raspberry Pi 3B module. The sensor data is sent to the cloud database ThingSpeak using WiFi. Farmers can then monitor parameters of their farm fields like temperature, humidity and soil moisture levels remotely using an IoT application on their smartphone. This system aims to automate irrigation based on soil moisture levels and make agriculture smarter and reduce farmers' efforts through remote monitoring using Internet of Things technology.
The document describes a solar powered agricultural robot. It discusses how conventional energy resources are limited and non-renewable, motivating the development of solar powered robots. The robot uses a microcontroller to control motors via an RF transmitter and receiver. Sensors monitor water levels and control pumps. The robot is autonomous, using solar panels to recharge its battery without needing an external charge. It has advantages of being eco-friendly and cost effective but limitations in solar availability depending on weather. The conclusion discusses potential for robots to help improve agriculture productivity while replacing difficult, dangerous human jobs.
A RESEARCH PAPER ON SMART AGRICULTURE SYSTEM USING IOTIRJET Journal
This document presents a research paper on a smart agriculture system using IoT. The system monitors soil moisture, temperature, humidity and water levels using sensors connected to a microcontroller. If any parameters exceed thresholds, an alert is sent to the farmer's smartphone via WiFi/cellular. The system aims to enhance productivity and efficiency in agriculture by automating monitoring and control tasks. It provides a low-cost solution to help farmers, especially in water-limited areas. The system is tested with soil moisture, temperature, humidity and ultrasonic water level sensors connected to an ESP8266 microcontroller. Sensor data is sent to a Blynk app for monitoring and manual control of water pumps. The system aims to save water, labor and
IRJET - Automatic Plant Watering System using NodeMCUIRJET Journal
1) The document describes an automatic plant watering system that uses sensors and NodeMCU to monitor environmental conditions and water plants automatically.
2) The system collects data on temperature, humidity, and soil moisture and sends it to an Android application and the cloud to allow monitoring from anywhere.
3) It aims to make gardening easier by automating watering based on sensor readings so plants get the right amount of water when needed.
IRJET-Environment based Irrigation System using Wireless TechnologyIRJET Journal
This document describes an environment-based irrigation system using wireless technology. The system uses sensors like soil moisture, temperature, and ultrasonic sensors connected to an Arduino microcontroller to automatically water plants based on soil conditions. When the sensors detect low soil moisture or other environmental thresholds, the microcontroller activates a motor to turn on irrigation. The system aims to save water and reduce labor costs compared to manual irrigation. It can automatically monitor soil moisture levels and optimize watering schedules without human intervention. Researchers at Sona College of Technology developed this system to introduce automated irrigation using embedded technologies.
IRJET - Smart Agriculture with IoT and Cloud ComputingIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on using IoT and cloud computing for smart agriculture. It discusses how traditional farming methods are labor intensive and proposes an automated smart farming system using sensors, a robot, and cloud services. The system would use soil moisture and temperature sensors connected to an ESP8266 microcontroller to monitor crop conditions remotely. A solar-powered robot would automate seed sowing and irrigation tasks based on sensor data sent to the cloud for analysis. This would reduce farmer workload while improving yields through more precise automated operations. The system architecture and components are described, including advantages like remote monitoring and additional sensors that could enhance efficiency.
IOT BASED SMART AGRICULTURAL MONITORING SYSTEMIRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-based smart agricultural monitoring system that uses various sensors to monitor environmental conditions and the growth of crops. The system collects data from sensors such as temperature and humidity sensors, a soil moisture sensor, a color sensor to detect fruit ripening stages, and a PIR sensor to detect animal movement. The sensor data is sent to a central monitoring system using an Arduino, NodeMCU, and GSM module. Farmers can receive SMS alerts about field conditions to optimize crop productivity and resource use. The system aims to increase yields, save farmer time and effort, and avoid health issues through remote automated monitoring of agricultural fields.
IRJET- Automatic Fruit Harvesting using Firebird V ATMEGA 2560IRJET Journal
This document describes the design of an automatic fruit harvesting robot using a Firebird V microcontroller. The robot uses various sensors like IR sensors, a color sensor, and a gripper to detect, identify, and pick fruits without damaging the trees. It can autonomously navigate through an orchard, detect fruits using IR sensors and color sensors, pick the fruits using a gripper, and deposit them in a collection bin. The robot is powered by batteries and controlled by an ATmega 2560 microcontroller. It is aimed at improving harvesting efficiency and reducing production costs compared to manual labor.
IRJET-Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose Agro SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multipurpose agricultural robot. The robot is intended to perform operations like automatic seeding and digging. It uses a microcontroller to wirelessly control operations. Sensors are also included to monitor soil moisture. The robot aims to reduce labor costs and improve crop yields. It was created by a group of five students and their professor to develop an affordable solution that can perform multiple agricultural functions automatically.
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.