**needs updates and improvement
this slides are made with excerpts from other sources like, books,publication, journals, magazines and on-line sources.No plagiarism intended.
intended for the review in the upcoming may 2015 agriculture major admission test of Cavite State University.
for inquiries email me at: darkspot0713@gmail.com
Pluralistic Agricultural Extension in IndiaRavi Kn
The new extension regime recognise the need for Muti-agency collaboration to combine strengths. Thereby promoting both Public and non-public (private sector, NGOs, FIG/CIG/POs, PPP Models) actors in Extension work to enhance the delivery system in agricultural extension to all type of farmers.
Basics of adult learning
Extension methods in various fields
• Individual Method
Farm and home visits, office calls, phone calls, e-mails, personal letters.
• Group method
method and result demonstrations, study visits, meetings, farmer field schools, extension schools.
• Mass method :
television, radio, leaflets, newspapers
Planning for effective use of the methods.
Role of audio, visual, and audio-visual aids in facilitating use of extension methods
Evaluating effectiveness of various extension methods.
**needs updates and improvement
this slides are made with excerpts from other sources like, books,publication, journals, magazines and on-line sources.No plagiarism intended.
intended for the review in the upcoming may 2015 agriculture major admission test of Cavite State University.
for inquiries email me at: darkspot0713@gmail.com
Pluralistic Agricultural Extension in IndiaRavi Kn
The new extension regime recognise the need for Muti-agency collaboration to combine strengths. Thereby promoting both Public and non-public (private sector, NGOs, FIG/CIG/POs, PPP Models) actors in Extension work to enhance the delivery system in agricultural extension to all type of farmers.
Basics of adult learning
Extension methods in various fields
• Individual Method
Farm and home visits, office calls, phone calls, e-mails, personal letters.
• Group method
method and result demonstrations, study visits, meetings, farmer field schools, extension schools.
• Mass method :
television, radio, leaflets, newspapers
Planning for effective use of the methods.
Role of audio, visual, and audio-visual aids in facilitating use of extension methods
Evaluating effectiveness of various extension methods.
Achievements and challenges in Ethiopian agricultureILRI
Presented by Dr. Abera Deresa (State Minister, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development) at the 'Dialogue on Ethiopia’s Agricultural Development', 12 November 2015, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
PTD deals with natural resources management by strengthening the local indigenous specialists and their communities to carry out experiments in becoming more sustainable and self reliant through drawing on their local resources.
“Agricultural Performance and Food Security in Nepal: Constraints and Challenges” presented by Bishnu Pant, IIDS, Nepal, at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
"Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation in Asia and Africa: Sharing Development Experiences: Pakistan", presented by S. G. Abbas, at NSD/IFPRI workshop on "Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation in Asia and Africa", June 18-19, 2014, Beijing, China
The purpose of this project is to help the government to prepare a comprehensive development strategy for agriculture based on an analysis of the policy sector situation and wide stakeholder consultation.
The project also aims to ensure the progress of peasants, farmers, and rural society.
Investing in Agribusiness (Pamumuhunan sa Agribusiness)rexcris
a Presentation by the Department of Agriculture (DA) at the BSP Regional Financial Literacy Campaign for OFWs in Bacolod City, Philippines on June 28, 2007
Achievements and challenges in Ethiopian agricultureILRI
Presented by Dr. Abera Deresa (State Minister, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development) at the 'Dialogue on Ethiopia’s Agricultural Development', 12 November 2015, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
PTD deals with natural resources management by strengthening the local indigenous specialists and their communities to carry out experiments in becoming more sustainable and self reliant through drawing on their local resources.
“Agricultural Performance and Food Security in Nepal: Constraints and Challenges” presented by Bishnu Pant, IIDS, Nepal, at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
"Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation in Asia and Africa: Sharing Development Experiences: Pakistan", presented by S. G. Abbas, at NSD/IFPRI workshop on "Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation in Asia and Africa", June 18-19, 2014, Beijing, China
The purpose of this project is to help the government to prepare a comprehensive development strategy for agriculture based on an analysis of the policy sector situation and wide stakeholder consultation.
The project also aims to ensure the progress of peasants, farmers, and rural society.
Investing in Agribusiness (Pamumuhunan sa Agribusiness)rexcris
a Presentation by the Department of Agriculture (DA) at the BSP Regional Financial Literacy Campaign for OFWs in Bacolod City, Philippines on June 28, 2007
Financing climate smart agriculture for young persons in nigeriaKevin Nnadi
Agricultural systems can be made more efficient, productive and profitable for young people to secure their livelihoods and ensure food security as a strategy to adapt to climate change by embracing climate smart agriculture. Financing climate smart agriculture!
"Evaluating Mozambique’s Agricultural Investment Plan", James Thurlow, presented at Workshop on Transformation of Agri-food Systems and Commercialization of Smallholder Agriculture in Mozambique: Evidence, Challenges and Implications
Maputo, Mozambique, December 9, 2013
Presentation for the Stakeholders Consultation Workshop on "Cambodia Agriculture in Transition: Opportunities and Risks"; given on September 18, 2013 in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Paul Dorosh, Bart Minten, Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse
BOOK LAUNCH
Virtual Event - Ethiopia’s agri-food system: Past trends, present challenges, and future scenarios
SEP 22, 2020 - 08:30 AM TO 10:00 AM EDT
"Sustaining CAADP Momentum: Growth and Investment Analysis" presented by Godfrey Bahiigwa at 10th CAADP PP Meeting Durban, South Africa March 19-21, 2014
Channing Arndt
COUNTRY WORKSHOP
The Knowledge Lab on Climate Resilient Food Systems: An analytical support facility to achieve the SDGs
Co-Organized by IFPRI and AGRA
FEB 7, 2019 - 08:30 AM TO 05:55 PM EAT
Presentation prepared by Xinshen Diao, Paul Dorosh, Mia Ellis, Karl Pauw, and James Thurlow, all with the International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC. This is part of the Global Crisis Country Series.
Status and scope of fruits and vegetables industry in India, classification, composition and nutritive value of fruits and vegetables
2. Preparatory Operations and Related Equipments (05 hrs)
Cleaning, sorting, grading, peeling and blanching methods
3. a) Ingredients and processes for the manufacture of: (08 hrs)
i) jam, jellies, marmalade, preserves, (ii) pickles and chutneys
b) Defects and factors affecting the quality of above
4. Tomato Products (04 hrs)
Ingredients and their role, process for the manufacture of tomato ketchup, sauce, puree and paste.
5. Juices (04 hrs)
Raw materials, extraction, classification, processing and aseptic packaging
6. Thermal Processing of Fruits and Vegetables (08 hrs)
History, definition, various techniques of thermal processing and their effects on the quality of fruits and vegetable products, types of containers and their selection, spoilage of canned foods
7. a) Dehydration of fruits; equipment and process for dehydration of plums, apricot, apple, fig, grapes peach etc (04 hrs)
b) Dehydration of Vegetables: equipment and process for dehydration of peas, cauliflower, potato, methi, mushroom, tomato etc
c) Osmo-dehydration – basic concept and applications
8. Freezing (04 hrs)
Freezing process of selected fruits and vegetables: peas, beans, cauliflower, apricot, mushroom – changes during freezing and spoilage of frozen foods
9. Food Laws and FPO standards for fruits and vegetable products (04 hrs)
10. By-products utilization
Economic impacts of climate change in the philippine agriculture sectorCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Mark W. Rosegrant, Nicostrato Perez, Angga Pradesha, Timothy S. Thomas and Mercedita A. Sombilla at “Up and down the scales of time and place: Integrating global trends and local decisions to make the world more food-secure by 2050” Discussion Forum on the first day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
Philippine Business Groups - Joint Foreign Chambers Press Conference on 16th Congress Legislation, September 11, 2013, 10:00 a.m.,
JV Del Rosario Rm, 4/F AIM Conference Center
Energy Sec. Jose Rene D. Almendras was the keynote speaker at the April 23, 2012 Energy Forum hosted by the Joint Foreign Chambers. He discussed in detail the Philippines' diversified energy mix and the development plans for energy resources. One of the highlights of his presentation involved a summary of the power situation for Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao as of April 2012.
Presentation of PEZA Director General Lilia De Lima at EuroMoney Conference 2012Arangkada Philippines
On March 27, PEZA DG Lilia De Lima presented at the Euromoney Conference Workshop at the Manila Peninsula. In her presentation “Creating the Next Business Hub for Manufacturers,” DG De Lima reported that as of February 29, 2012, PEZA administers a total of 257 economic zones comprised of: Manufacturing (64 zones);
IT Parks and Centers (164 zones); Tourism Ecozones (12 zones); Medical Tourism Park/ Center (2 zones); and
Agro-Industrial Parks (15 zones).
On March 28, DepEd Secretary Armin Luistro presented “The State of Education” to the members of the Philippine Business for Education. He
emphasized the trifocalization of education in the Philippines between DepEd, CHED, and TESDA.
Sec. Armin discussed DepEd’s performance indicators, their change agenda, budget trends, resources, current initiatives, and strategic directions. The K + 12 Basic Education Program was identified as a flagship reform strategy. Also discussed were DepEd initiatives to address the shortage on classrooms, teachers, sanitation facilities, textbooks, and school seats. Apart from K + 12, DepEd has focused on adopting the indigenous people education framework,
strengthening the use of ICT in education, and implementing the five key reforms of the Basic Education Reform Agenda: a) school-based management; b)
national learning strategies; c) quality assurance and accountability; d) complementary interventions; and e) institutional culture change.
This was a primer on the IT-BPO industry as presented to the AmCham ICT Committee by Alejandro "Bud" Melchor III, Deputy Executive Director for ICT Industry Development, Department of Science and Technology, ICT Office (DOST-ICTO) on March 27, 2012
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
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Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
Website – www.pmday.org
Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB – https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
2. Worldwide Trends in Agriculture
World grain supply is constrained
Grain consumption rising with population growth
Biofuels are driving agricultural land demand
(and cost) higher
Continuous development is steadily decreasing
per capita supply of arable land
Water shortages are reducing farm productivity
Demand increasing for fresh fruit and vegetable
products
Philippines ideally positioned –
geographically, climactically - to meet these
opportunities
3. Overview : Philippine Agriculture
Total Land Area 29.8 M Has
Agricultural Land Area 9.7 M Has
Agricultural Gross Output (2012) US$ 19 B
Agriculture Output as a % of GDP (2012) 8%
Labor Force employed in Agriculture(2012) 32%
Agricultural Loans - % to Total Lending (2012) 2%
Agricultural Exports 2012 (FOB) US$ 5.0 B
(2% of GDP)
Agricultural Imports 2012 (CIF) US$ 8.1 B
Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics
9. Share of Agriculture in the National
Government Expenditures
2008-2012
7.18%
5.68%
5.85%
3.54%
5.48%
3.00%
3.50%
4.00%
4.50%
5.00%
5.50%
6.00%
6.50%
7.00%
7.50%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
10. Constraints to Philippine Agriculture
Underinvestment in Agricultural Sector
Research and Development is low priority
Lack of agricultural credit support and ability of
farmers to access capital
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
(CARP) has led to underinvestment and
restriction on farmland consolidation
Limits to foreign ownership of land
Corruption (PDAF, etc.)
11. Investment Opportunities
High value crops
- Coffee, Avocado, Squash, Red Hot Chili,
Peanuts, Mongo Beans
New varieties of coconut (higher yields and faster
maturities), coconut water
Intercropping (cacao with coconut)
Convert commodities to specialty products
Move up value chain (more finished products)
Agri - tourism
12. Policy Recommendations
New Free Trade Agreements present immense new market
opportunities (Trans-Pacific Partnership)
Aggressively work with DA to develop:
- Quarantine protocols
- Treaties with importing countries
- Reduction of duty rates for Philippine Agricultural Products
Invest in Agricultural Education
- Average Philippine farmer is 57 with only 5 years education
- Emphasize Agricultural Training in High Schools
Reduce domestic shipping/logistics costs
- Review cabotageprovisions
- Complete Roll-on / Roll-off system
Modify Land Ownership Rules to encourage more scale
13. Summary
Philippine Agriculture has enormous potential
- Favorable geographic location to export markets
- Large supply of arable land
Agriculture has been underinvested in Philippines
for last 3 decades
ASEAN neighbors
(Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam) have
seen huge export growth
Emphasizing some basic policy changes
(logistics, protocols, FTAs, land
consolidation, agri-credit) can be important
drivers of accelerated agricultural growth
Editor's Notes
Worlwide Trends in AgricultureChina and India needs agricultureAgricultural commodities have three main uses, i.e., food, feed and fuel – and demand for each of these uses is increasing. This increase is being driven by global population growth (increasing demand for food), economic growth in emerging markets (demand for feed) and biofuel policies which are being implemented by governments across the globe (demand for fuel).Source:Daily ReckoningInvest In Agriculture: Reason #1Grain inventories are falling to their lowest levels in more than 40 yearsObviously, we can’t continue to dip into inventories. The natural response you would expect to see is rising prices for grains and for the farmland that produces them. Global grain inventories, drought pending, are expected to rise this year, but will still remain well below historical level. The big thing to keep your eye on here is stocks-to-use ratio. That compares the amount we have on hand to the amount we’re using. The higher the number, the closer we are to having fully stocked granaries. Based on USDA numbers, the stocks-to-use ratio for 2008-2009 looks to be the second lowest in history. U.S. ending stocks are projected to nearly double, going from 7 million metric tons to nearly 14 million metric tons. Many countries, even grain powerhouse Argentina, are still holding onto local supply by restricting exports.Invest In Agriculture: Reason #2While grain consumption is on the riseThe world consumes, on average, 2,600 bushels of grain crop per second. That’s almost twice what we ate back in 1974. And that amount could easily double to 5,200 bushels per second over the next 20 years. The amount of pressure on the global food supply network is enormous. You can see the steep downward trend in wheat supply in the chart below.Why are we eating so much more grain? The big factor here is meat. Hundreds of millions of people in China and India are joining the middle class. As people get wealthier they eat more meat. And more meat requires more grains to feed cattle and hogs. It takes 10 pounds of grain to produce one pound of meat. Because of that, most of the demand growth for coarse grain and oilseed meal will come from livestock in developing economies or the countries feeding them. So long as the middle class expands, you can be sure meat and grain consumption will follow.Invest In Agriculture: Reason #3Biofuels are driving agriculture demand up to new levelsMost every oil-consuming country has biofuel targets in place that will kick in over the next five years. These places include the U.S., the EU, Canada, Japan, Brazil, India and China. To meet their targets, according to work by Agcapita, we‘ll have to commit some 240 million acres to biofuel production. That represents about 50% of the arable land in North America and about 6% of all the arable land in the world.Let’s consider ethanol alone for a moment, courtesy of some World Bank stats. From 2004-2007, U.S. biofuel use increased by 50 million tons, while world production increased only 51 million tons. That leaves only 1 million tons left over to cover a 33 million ton increase in the rest of corn demand the world over. Meaning we didn’t cover usage and caused the price to rise. By 2008, U.S. farmers were already planting every available acre with corn, the second biggest planting in 60 years, and producing one of the largest corn crops in history.This helped push U.S. farmland values up to new record highs. Massachusetts farmland fetched the highest price at $12,200 per acre. As you can see, the biofuel craze puts more pressure on farmland demand. And, there are other pressures as well…Invest In Agriculture: Reason #4While arable land per capitais fallingWe are losing quality topsoil faster than we are replacing it. Quality soil is loose, clumpy, filled with air pockets and teeming with life. It’s a complex microecosystem all its own. On average, the planet has little more than three feet of topsoil spread over its surface. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer calls it the shallow skin of nutrient-rich matter that sustains most of our food. Replacing it isn’t easy. It grows back an inch or two over hundreds of years.This is not lost on certain farseeing investors. Jeremy Grantham, head of the money manager GMO, recently told his clients: Our farmers are in the mining business! Yes, the soil is incredibly deep, but it is still finite. For every bushel of wheat produced, we lose two bushels of topsoil.We lose topsoil to development, erosion and desertification. Globally, it’s clear we are eroding soils at a rate much faster than they can form, notes John Reganold, a soils scientist at Washington State University. Estimates vary, but in the U.S., the National Academy of Sciences says we’re losing soil 10 times faster than it’s being replaced. The U.N. says that on a global basis, the rate of loss is 10-100 times faster than that of replacement.In any case, it seems safe to say that good dirt is in short supply. This ensures a growing scarcity of good farmland, and plenty of countries including Saudi Arabia, China, and South Korea, that will pay for it at any price.This little graphic below summarizes where we are in terms of arable land per person. For the first time ever we’re in danger of slipping below one acre per person:Of course we don‘t need 2.8 acres per person anymore, because of advances in agriculture over time. But gains in yield per acre are slowing. Over the last 40 years, we’ve increased the yield per acre by 2.1% per year. But the pace of those gains is slowing. Since 2000, the increase in yields per acre has averaged less than 1% per year.We may see new innovations in seeds or other technology that we can scarcely imagine now. But any solution will take time and money to implement. Meanwhile, the world’s agriculture markets just get tighter and tighter…nvest In Agriculture: Reason #5Low water supplies cut down farm productivityChina is a biggie to watch when it comes to food supply dynamics. It feeds 20% of the world’s population on only 10% of the world’s arable land and with only 6% of its water. China’s water tables are falling too. In parts of its traditional breadbasket in the north production of wheat and corn is in jeopardy. Chinese officials are well aware of this urgent need.As the Financial Times reports: The country is investing heavily in agriculture. Its agriculture budget increased 27% in 2007, 38% in 2008, and about 20% in 2009. No other big country, barring India, has increased spending on farming so much, says the FT. Still, increasing output will be a challenge.
Break up of Exports 2012 FOB (Top 4) In US $Coconut Oil 1,016,090,000Banana, Fresh 646,660,000Tuna 455,100,000 Pineapple & Pineapple Products 414,910,000Banks are required to grant loans to agri company equivalent to 25% of loan portfloio, otherwise the bank will be penalized. Penalty is ½ of 1% of the shortfall.Main Export discussBreak up the 770 B what are they. 40th largest economy in the world Population – 97M GDP 2011- $224.75 B; 2012 - $257.51B (7% Increase) ; 2013 Estimate - $275.62B (7% Increase)Economy is mostly in services (33%) and manufacturing (54%) Total Loans Granted P35,857.12B - Agriloan was P705.11B or 2%
Following the dwindling relative importance of agricultural exports to the National Income, agricultural exports also exhibited a Decreasing share to total exports.In the early 1980s, agricultural exports which are composedof processed agricultural products (e.g. Coconut oil and pineapple products) and agro-industrial products accounted for one-third of the country’s total export value.From its share of 37.68% in 1980, it decelerated to 20.78% in 1990 andto as low as 5.21% in 2000 in view of the increasing non-traditional manufactured exports such as electronics — primarily semiconductors and data processing machines.In 2010, however, the share of the agriculture exports to total exports has slightly increased to 7.96% due to an all -time high increase in agricultural exports value by 30.78%.
What happened 2000-08 and components
Cam Indo Malay Phil Thail Vietnam exclude Singapore
1. Underinvestmentin the sector – Investments, for instance, in irrigation deteriorated in the 1980s until early 1990s. The lack of rural infrastructure investments also resulted in the country’s poor transport network and inefficient ports and shipping. The poor transport system increases the logistical costs for agricultural producers, which is estimated to comprise a third of the final cost to buyer (Dy, 2005).2. Research and development (R&D) a low priority of the government – As mandated by the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act, the government must allocate 1% of agriculture’s GVA for R&D. Nonetheless, on the average, less than 0.5% of the sector’s GVA was allocated for agricultural R&D (Dy, 2005).3. Lack of agricultural credit support – Most agricultural credit was mostly used to fund expensive activities such as post-harvest facilities, marketing and credit subsidies. 5. Structural Weakness in the implementation of Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) – Contributed to the sector’s underdevelopment as landowners postponed investing in their lands due to uncertainties in property rights (Habito et. al, 2003). CARP prohibits the consolidation of farmlands, thus scale farming is a permanent issue. Under the law an individual can own up to five hectares only. Other factors identified to contribute to the decline of investment in the sector are the land policy that limited foreign ownership/lease of land, poor regulatory framework, the changing DA leadership, global market access and the prevalence of corruption in the government.