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Pluralistic Agricultural Extension in India

The document outlines the significance of pluralistic agricultural extension in India, highlighting the need to address the diverse needs of farmers through a mix of public and private extension services. It discusses the limitations of single agency systems and emphasizes the advantages of a multi-agency approach to better support small and marginal farmers. The conclusion advocates for effective collaboration and efficient delivery of extension services to cater to all stakeholders in the agricultural sector.

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Presented By RAVI K N Ph.D Scholar IAS, BHU, Varanasi PluralisticAgricultural Extension in India Course Title and No. EXT-601- Advances in Agricultural Extension. Course instructor: Dr. B. Jirli (Assoc. Prof.)
OUTLINE OF CONTENTS  ASSUMPTION  INTRODUCTION  CONCEPT OF PLURALISTIC EXTENSION  WHY WE NEED PLURALISTIC AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION  STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERSTICS  STRENGTHS OF PLURALISTIC AGRICULTURE EXTENSION
ASSUMPTION “No single Extension agency can meet the needs of all stakeholders”
INTRODUCTION CHALLANGES FOR INDIAN AGRICULTURE  India's population - 1.2 billion (2011 census)  More than half of the Indian population (approximately 58%) depend on agriculture for their livelihood  More than 80% of Indian farmers are small and marginal land holdings  Limited resource constraints
Contd...  Diversity of farmers and farming systems - need to address challenges in agriculture with different services and approaches.  Region and crop specific demands and problems of farmers  Need to facilitate farmers to get wide range of services
CONCEPT What is mean by Pluralisam and Pluralistic Extension?  Pluralism – Many organisations are brought together at one platform in the efforts of delivering extension services to promote production and productivity.  Pluralistic Extension- An appropriate mix of public and private funding and delivery mechanism.  Modal of using both public and non-public institution for delivering extension services to the farming communities  It is a contrast of single monopolistic agricultural extension service in a given country.
WHY WE NEED PLURALISTIC EXTENSION SYSTEM IN INDIA ?
MAJOR DRAWBACKSOF single agricultural EXTENSION Services Public Extension system  Most technologies are supply driven rather demand driven  Lack of human resource  Low finance and budget  Little competency of Extension agents  Corruption and political disturbances  Not able to concentrate on low volume crops.  Technology dissemination often mandatory  Complex procedures – red tapisam  Unable to reach majority of potential clients Private Extension system  Neglecting of small and marginal farmers  Concentration of elite farmers needs because of payment  Focus to get profit and sale rather than decrease in cost of production  Show interest in areas in which they get profit.  Neglect the small and marginal farmers since most of them are economically weak.  Exploitation of farmers with their monopoly and profit techniques.
NEED FOR PLURALISTIC EXTENSION  Specific services are needed for  Specific contexts  Economic enterprises  Different farmer categories – Crop specific and location specific  Based on differences in entrepreneurship, poverty and gender.  To overcome the weakness of single agency extension system  Promote muti-agency extension strategy (pluralism)
So, The new extension regime recognise the need for Muti-agency collaboration to combine strengths. Thereby promoting both Public and non-public (private sector, NGOs, FIG/CIG/POs, PPP Models) actors in Extension work to enhance the delivery system in agricultural extension to all type of farmers.
Structure of Pluralistic Extension NGOs/Vos/ ppp/co- operatives Public sector FIGs/CIGs/ PCss/FPOs Private sector
 Deconcentration  A system for providing multiple services  Decentralization  Farmer empowerment  Outsourcing services  Partnerships  Extension approaches Source: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTARD/Resources PRINCIPLES OF PLURALISTIC EXTENSION
Coexistence of multiple public, private, and mixed extension systems and approaches Multiple providers and types of services It foster a range of partnership and utilize both public and private institutional resources Diverse funding streams and multiple sources of information Multiple extension approaches Characteristics of Pluralistic Extension system
Source: Meena et al. 201
STRENGTHSOF PLURALISTIC Agriculture EXTENSION  Address the needs of different hierarchical stakeholders (small, marginal and big farmers)  Effective utilization of resources  Combined influence on TOT  Widespread extension services as per the need of clients may attained  Collaboration and partnerships also encourage speedy disbursal of Technology and the input linkages
Contd...  Overcome the major weakness of single extension agency operations.  Effective utilization of ICTs and its Innovations  Create competitive environment in providing services to farmers
Conclusion So, the pluralistic agriculture extension system to find appropriate mix of public and private funding delivery mechanisms make an efforts to take extension services to all the stakeholders with efficiently and effectively at different levels in the country.
REFERENCES 1. Siteresources.worldbank.org/INTARD/Resources/335807.../Module3-TN1.pdf 2. Meena, M. S., Singh, K. M., & Swanson, B. E. (2013). Pluralistic agricultural extension system in India: Innovations and constraints.Available at SSRN 2293788. 3. Sagar Mondal, Textbook of Agricultural Extension with Global Innovation.1st 2013 Rept. 2016, ISBN 93-272-2877-9.
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