Innovations in agricultural extension: What can Ethiopia learn from global ex...ILRI
Presented by Ranjitha Puskur, Ponniah Anandajayasekeram and Sindu Workneh at the MoARD Workshop on “Improving Agricultural Extension Service Delivery Approaches”, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 22 June 2006.
Innovation Systems is a concept to help reveal and deal with the partnership and institutional issues that shape innovation processes and shape the contribution of research to that process. It recognises multiple knowledge bases, including research but also others. It is a capability to innovate, not just today but in ever-changing environments — i.e., it is a dynamic, adaptive capability. It is embedded in and defined by the institutional and policy contexts that shape the ways actors and organisations behave
This document discusses cyber extension in agriculture. It defines cyber extension as an information exchange mechanism over cyber space through telecommunication means. It outlines some key milestones in cyber extension such as the establishment of ARIS in 1995 and Agrisnet in 1997 to provide agricultural information to farmers. The document also discusses various tools and approaches used in cyber extension like agriculture portals, email, video conferencing, expert systems, and call centers. It highlights advantages like lower costs and wider reach compared to traditional extension. However, it also notes challenges including information not being in local languages, lack of internet access in remote areas, and illiteracy among farmers.
This document discusses pluralism in agricultural extension systems. Pluralistic extension involves multiple providers of extension services, often with different funding sources and approaches. This can raise issues around coordination, roles, and competition/collaboration. The document provides examples of pluralistic extension in Ghana, the United States, and other countries. It also discusses reasons why multiple extension actors emerge and how pluralism affects extension management and implementation, such as the need for coordination between different groups.
This document discusses the need to shift agricultural extension from a production-led model to a market-led model. It outlines the key differences between the two approaches and information needed to support a market-led extension system. Challenges of making this shift are also presented, along with suggestions for training extension workers in market-related topics and strengthening linkages between farmers, markets, and the private sector.
This document provides information on farmers field schools (FFS), including:
1. FFS are learner-centered, non-formal education programs where farmers learn through hands-on activities like field observations and trials.
2. Studies show FFS improve farmers' knowledge of integrated pest management and increase adoption of sustainable practices. Yields from FFS plots are higher than non-FFS farms.
3. Key aspects of FFS include seasonal meetings where farmers conduct agroecosystem analysis, prioritize decisions, and discuss technical topics, with an emphasis on experiential and group learning principles.
This document discusses extension education, including its meaning, nature, scope, importance, and leadership. It defines extension as stretching out education to rural areas through non-formal means, with the goal of sustainable improvement in quality of life. Extension aims to develop human capabilities through changing knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors. It is important as it respects individuals, speeds adoption of innovations, and provides feedback to researchers. Extension covers various disciplines and uses different approaches like decentralized and market-led models. ICT tools are also helping extension reach more farmers. The role of extension is to facilitate learning through demonstrations and participation.
PTD deals with natural resources management by strengthening the local indigenous specialists and their communities to carry out experiments in becoming more sustainable and self reliant through drawing on their local resources.
Innovations in agricultural extension: What can Ethiopia learn from global ex...ILRI
Presented by Ranjitha Puskur, Ponniah Anandajayasekeram and Sindu Workneh at the MoARD Workshop on “Improving Agricultural Extension Service Delivery Approaches”, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 22 June 2006.
Innovation Systems is a concept to help reveal and deal with the partnership and institutional issues that shape innovation processes and shape the contribution of research to that process. It recognises multiple knowledge bases, including research but also others. It is a capability to innovate, not just today but in ever-changing environments — i.e., it is a dynamic, adaptive capability. It is embedded in and defined by the institutional and policy contexts that shape the ways actors and organisations behave
This document discusses cyber extension in agriculture. It defines cyber extension as an information exchange mechanism over cyber space through telecommunication means. It outlines some key milestones in cyber extension such as the establishment of ARIS in 1995 and Agrisnet in 1997 to provide agricultural information to farmers. The document also discusses various tools and approaches used in cyber extension like agriculture portals, email, video conferencing, expert systems, and call centers. It highlights advantages like lower costs and wider reach compared to traditional extension. However, it also notes challenges including information not being in local languages, lack of internet access in remote areas, and illiteracy among farmers.
This document discusses pluralism in agricultural extension systems. Pluralistic extension involves multiple providers of extension services, often with different funding sources and approaches. This can raise issues around coordination, roles, and competition/collaboration. The document provides examples of pluralistic extension in Ghana, the United States, and other countries. It also discusses reasons why multiple extension actors emerge and how pluralism affects extension management and implementation, such as the need for coordination between different groups.
This document discusses the need to shift agricultural extension from a production-led model to a market-led model. It outlines the key differences between the two approaches and information needed to support a market-led extension system. Challenges of making this shift are also presented, along with suggestions for training extension workers in market-related topics and strengthening linkages between farmers, markets, and the private sector.
This document provides information on farmers field schools (FFS), including:
1. FFS are learner-centered, non-formal education programs where farmers learn through hands-on activities like field observations and trials.
2. Studies show FFS improve farmers' knowledge of integrated pest management and increase adoption of sustainable practices. Yields from FFS plots are higher than non-FFS farms.
3. Key aspects of FFS include seasonal meetings where farmers conduct agroecosystem analysis, prioritize decisions, and discuss technical topics, with an emphasis on experiential and group learning principles.
This document discusses extension education, including its meaning, nature, scope, importance, and leadership. It defines extension as stretching out education to rural areas through non-formal means, with the goal of sustainable improvement in quality of life. Extension aims to develop human capabilities through changing knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors. It is important as it respects individuals, speeds adoption of innovations, and provides feedback to researchers. Extension covers various disciplines and uses different approaches like decentralized and market-led models. ICT tools are also helping extension reach more farmers. The role of extension is to facilitate learning through demonstrations and participation.
PTD deals with natural resources management by strengthening the local indigenous specialists and their communities to carry out experiments in becoming more sustainable and self reliant through drawing on their local resources.
MLE as a market ward orientation of agriculture through extension includes agriculture and economics and is the perfect blend for reaching at the door steps of farming community with the help of appropriate technology.
Market-led extension focuses on identifying customer needs before offering services. It is demand-driven, client-oriented, and aims to provide high returns for farmers. Agricultural extension personnel play key roles like conducting SWOT analyses of markets, organizing farmer groups, establishing marketing linkages, and acquiring market intelligence. Challenges include the large size of extension systems, integrating information technology, diverse farm conditions, and improving market intelligence and extension reforms. Effective market-led extension produces based on demand, works with efficient farmer groups, uses various market information sources, and improves communication within marketing channels. Reforms are needed to empower farmers with market knowledge and provide competitive marketing options and infrastructure investments.
1) Market-led extension aims to make agriculture more market-oriented by providing farmers with market information and linking them to buyers. This helps farmers sell their produce remuneratively.
2) Key aspects of market-led extension include market analysis, intelligence gathering, forming farmer groups, and establishing marketing linkages between farmers, markets and processors.
3) While production has increased in India, connecting farmers to profitable markets remains a challenge. Extension needs to focus on empowering farmers with various marketing skills and consultancy beyond just production advice.
Innovative extension approaches in indiaAlok Sahoo
This document discusses innovative extension approaches in India to improve agricultural outreach. It notes that traditional public extension services reach only 11% of farmers. Alternative approaches discussed include NGO models like Vrutti, charitable trusts like Swami Samarth, and the KVK in Kannur. The KVK model uses multidisciplinary actions like SHGs, credit programs, and farmers' science congresses. New ICT approaches are also discussed, like the NDDB's mobile app and WhatsApp groups. The conclusion emphasizes the strengths of localized, demand-driven, and group-based extension while also noting challenges around resources, personnel, and policies.
The document discusses the privatization of agricultural extension services. It begins by providing context on the traditional public funding and delivery of extension, and how private and voluntary sectors have increasingly challenged this monopoly since the 1980s. Chile was the first country to test privatized extension services in 1978 as part of economic reforms. The document then discusses private extension models and services provided, as well as some advantages like increased efficiency and accountability, and disadvantages like potentially hampering free information flow. It also outlines challenges like addressing subsistence farmers and women in the rural workforce. Overall, the document examines the shift toward private extension internationally and in India.
market-led extension to enhance producer share GOPAL gkvk
This document provides an introduction and overview of the topics that will be covered in the second seminar on market-led extension. The seminar will discuss the need to shift the focus of agricultural extension from production-led extension to market-led extension given various global changes. It will cover the concepts, objectives, evolution, and case studies of market-led extension. The roles and functions of extension personnel and use of technologies to provide market intelligence and link farmers to markets will also be discussed.
Agricultural extension system of different countriesSudipGorai3
The document summarizes and compares the agricultural extension systems of Japan, Sri Lanka, and India. It provides tables with parameters such as land area, population, GDP, industries, and more.
The extension system in Japan is organized at the national, prefectural, and local levels. At the local level, farm and home advisors provide educational services to farmers. Sri Lanka's extension was initially focused on plantations but now includes other crops. It established a T&V system and cyber extension units.
India's extension involves ICAR programs, central/state government approaches, SAUs, and private/NGO roles. ICAR operates special programs and KVKs. The central government implements state-
The agricultural extension system in India plays a key role in enhancing food production and shifting focus from only production to also commercial farming and agribusiness. The system involves policies and programs from the central government and state-specific development programs. The ICAR is the national body that supports research and technology transfer models. State agricultural universities also develop extension models. Voluntary organizations implement extension projects. The system bridges research centers and farmers through extension personnel.
This document discusses market-led extension and its importance for farmers in India. It begins by noting that as markets have globalized, farmers need to sell to wider markets beyond their local areas. It then discusses how the organization MANAGE began promoting the concept of "market-led extension" through workshops in 2001.
The key aspects of market-led extension are identified as having a market orientation, including both agriculture and economics considerations, and providing the perfect blend of reaching farmers with appropriate technologies. Reasons for adopting a market-led approach include addressing input, efficacy, credibility and structural crises in the existing extension system. The document outlines paradigmatic shifts needed from a production-led to market-led focus. Various models
Women make up a significant portion of the agricultural workforce in developing countries, ranging from 20% in Latin America to over 50% in some parts of Africa and Asia. They perform many agricultural tasks like crop farming, animal husbandry, food processing, and household chores. However, female farmers often have less access to resources like land, credit, education, and extension services compared to male farmers. As a result, yields are typically 20-30% lower for women compared to men cultivating the same plots. Closing this gender gap in agriculture could increase overall production by 2.5-4% and reduce global hunger by 12-17%. Organizations are working to promote gender equality and empower women in the agricultural sector to reduce
The document discusses the need to shift agricultural extension from a production-led to a market-led approach. It notes that farmers currently lack market information and access, which causes them to lose money. A market-led extension would empower farmers by providing production and market-oriented knowledge. This would guide farmers on what and how much to produce based on market needs and demands. The extension system would become demand-driven and focus on making farmers agri-entrepreneurs to optimize returns. Information and communication technologies could help deliver real-time market intelligence to farmers.
The document discusses new trends in agricultural extension, including a shift from top-down to bottom-up and production-led to market-led approaches. It outlines the need for market-led extension to help farmers understand market demands and consumer preferences in order to improve livelihoods. Examples of innovative market-led extension approaches provided include market intelligence, contract farming, and direct marketing. The challenges and dimensions of market-led extension are also summarized, along with some successful farmer entrepreneurs utilizing these approaches.
This document discusses agricultural innovation systems and their importance. It defines an agricultural innovation system as a collaborative arrangement bringing together several organizations working toward technological, managerial, organizational, and institutional change in agriculture. An innovation system has three main elements: organizations and individuals, interactive learning, and institutions. It also discusses different models of stimulating innovation, challenges in the agricultural sector, and the role of innovation platforms in facilitating collaboration and problem solving among stakeholders to drive agricultural innovation.
Presented by Jens A. Andersson (CIMMYT), Elias Damtew (ILRI) and Zelalem Lema (ILRI) at the Africa RISING Learning Event, Arusha, Tanzania, 11-12 November 2014
This document discusses farmer-led extension approaches. It defines farmer-to-farmer extension as training provided by farmers to other farmers, often through farmer promoters and trainers. Farmer field schools are discussed where groups of farmers meet to study topics like conservation agriculture through learning by doing. Criteria for selecting lead farmers and principles of farmer-led extension are outlined, emphasizing that farmers and local institutions should play a key role in selection and evaluation. Farmer field schools are explained as creating awareness, supporting learning, and helping communities solve problems. Their origins in Indonesia in 1989 are also summarized.
The document discusses market led agriculture, including its evolution, key concepts, dimensions, institutions, issues and policies. It provides an introduction to market led agriculture and how the focus has shifted from production-led agriculture to making farmers producers and sellers. It outlines the objectives and roles of extension workers in market led agriculture. It also discusses some of the key institutions, issues around quality standards, infrastructure and information gaps, and different government policy initiatives and future directions.
This document provides information about an agricultural extension seminar on advertisements. The seminar will cover the meaning of advertising, different types of advertisements like newspapers, magazines, posters, radio and television. It will also discuss product oriented, service oriented and institutional advertisements. Senior students will present on how advertisements promote ideas, services and organizations. The seminar aims to illustrate how the success of marketing depends on advertisements and how they are used to promote products and services, especially agricultural products.
Capacity development for market-oriented agricultural development: Approaches...ILRI
This document summarizes an approach to capacity development for market-oriented agricultural development. It discusses how participatory processes are used to assess knowledge and skills gaps, and then a range of strategies are employed for capacity building, including training, coaching, mentoring, and self-learning materials. Between 2013-2015, over 37,000 value chain actors and service providers received training and coaching. Standard training manuals and cascading training approaches help ensure consistency and quality across different levels of training. Mixed-group training and household coaching improve knowledge transfer and application.
MLE as a market ward orientation of agriculture through extension includes agriculture and economics and is the perfect blend for reaching at the door steps of farming community with the help of appropriate technology.
Market-led extension focuses on identifying customer needs before offering services. It is demand-driven, client-oriented, and aims to provide high returns for farmers. Agricultural extension personnel play key roles like conducting SWOT analyses of markets, organizing farmer groups, establishing marketing linkages, and acquiring market intelligence. Challenges include the large size of extension systems, integrating information technology, diverse farm conditions, and improving market intelligence and extension reforms. Effective market-led extension produces based on demand, works with efficient farmer groups, uses various market information sources, and improves communication within marketing channels. Reforms are needed to empower farmers with market knowledge and provide competitive marketing options and infrastructure investments.
1) Market-led extension aims to make agriculture more market-oriented by providing farmers with market information and linking them to buyers. This helps farmers sell their produce remuneratively.
2) Key aspects of market-led extension include market analysis, intelligence gathering, forming farmer groups, and establishing marketing linkages between farmers, markets and processors.
3) While production has increased in India, connecting farmers to profitable markets remains a challenge. Extension needs to focus on empowering farmers with various marketing skills and consultancy beyond just production advice.
Innovative extension approaches in indiaAlok Sahoo
This document discusses innovative extension approaches in India to improve agricultural outreach. It notes that traditional public extension services reach only 11% of farmers. Alternative approaches discussed include NGO models like Vrutti, charitable trusts like Swami Samarth, and the KVK in Kannur. The KVK model uses multidisciplinary actions like SHGs, credit programs, and farmers' science congresses. New ICT approaches are also discussed, like the NDDB's mobile app and WhatsApp groups. The conclusion emphasizes the strengths of localized, demand-driven, and group-based extension while also noting challenges around resources, personnel, and policies.
The document discusses the privatization of agricultural extension services. It begins by providing context on the traditional public funding and delivery of extension, and how private and voluntary sectors have increasingly challenged this monopoly since the 1980s. Chile was the first country to test privatized extension services in 1978 as part of economic reforms. The document then discusses private extension models and services provided, as well as some advantages like increased efficiency and accountability, and disadvantages like potentially hampering free information flow. It also outlines challenges like addressing subsistence farmers and women in the rural workforce. Overall, the document examines the shift toward private extension internationally and in India.
market-led extension to enhance producer share GOPAL gkvk
This document provides an introduction and overview of the topics that will be covered in the second seminar on market-led extension. The seminar will discuss the need to shift the focus of agricultural extension from production-led extension to market-led extension given various global changes. It will cover the concepts, objectives, evolution, and case studies of market-led extension. The roles and functions of extension personnel and use of technologies to provide market intelligence and link farmers to markets will also be discussed.
Agricultural extension system of different countriesSudipGorai3
The document summarizes and compares the agricultural extension systems of Japan, Sri Lanka, and India. It provides tables with parameters such as land area, population, GDP, industries, and more.
The extension system in Japan is organized at the national, prefectural, and local levels. At the local level, farm and home advisors provide educational services to farmers. Sri Lanka's extension was initially focused on plantations but now includes other crops. It established a T&V system and cyber extension units.
India's extension involves ICAR programs, central/state government approaches, SAUs, and private/NGO roles. ICAR operates special programs and KVKs. The central government implements state-
The agricultural extension system in India plays a key role in enhancing food production and shifting focus from only production to also commercial farming and agribusiness. The system involves policies and programs from the central government and state-specific development programs. The ICAR is the national body that supports research and technology transfer models. State agricultural universities also develop extension models. Voluntary organizations implement extension projects. The system bridges research centers and farmers through extension personnel.
This document discusses market-led extension and its importance for farmers in India. It begins by noting that as markets have globalized, farmers need to sell to wider markets beyond their local areas. It then discusses how the organization MANAGE began promoting the concept of "market-led extension" through workshops in 2001.
The key aspects of market-led extension are identified as having a market orientation, including both agriculture and economics considerations, and providing the perfect blend of reaching farmers with appropriate technologies. Reasons for adopting a market-led approach include addressing input, efficacy, credibility and structural crises in the existing extension system. The document outlines paradigmatic shifts needed from a production-led to market-led focus. Various models
Women make up a significant portion of the agricultural workforce in developing countries, ranging from 20% in Latin America to over 50% in some parts of Africa and Asia. They perform many agricultural tasks like crop farming, animal husbandry, food processing, and household chores. However, female farmers often have less access to resources like land, credit, education, and extension services compared to male farmers. As a result, yields are typically 20-30% lower for women compared to men cultivating the same plots. Closing this gender gap in agriculture could increase overall production by 2.5-4% and reduce global hunger by 12-17%. Organizations are working to promote gender equality and empower women in the agricultural sector to reduce
The document discusses the need to shift agricultural extension from a production-led to a market-led approach. It notes that farmers currently lack market information and access, which causes them to lose money. A market-led extension would empower farmers by providing production and market-oriented knowledge. This would guide farmers on what and how much to produce based on market needs and demands. The extension system would become demand-driven and focus on making farmers agri-entrepreneurs to optimize returns. Information and communication technologies could help deliver real-time market intelligence to farmers.
The document discusses new trends in agricultural extension, including a shift from top-down to bottom-up and production-led to market-led approaches. It outlines the need for market-led extension to help farmers understand market demands and consumer preferences in order to improve livelihoods. Examples of innovative market-led extension approaches provided include market intelligence, contract farming, and direct marketing. The challenges and dimensions of market-led extension are also summarized, along with some successful farmer entrepreneurs utilizing these approaches.
This document discusses agricultural innovation systems and their importance. It defines an agricultural innovation system as a collaborative arrangement bringing together several organizations working toward technological, managerial, organizational, and institutional change in agriculture. An innovation system has three main elements: organizations and individuals, interactive learning, and institutions. It also discusses different models of stimulating innovation, challenges in the agricultural sector, and the role of innovation platforms in facilitating collaboration and problem solving among stakeholders to drive agricultural innovation.
Presented by Jens A. Andersson (CIMMYT), Elias Damtew (ILRI) and Zelalem Lema (ILRI) at the Africa RISING Learning Event, Arusha, Tanzania, 11-12 November 2014
This document discusses farmer-led extension approaches. It defines farmer-to-farmer extension as training provided by farmers to other farmers, often through farmer promoters and trainers. Farmer field schools are discussed where groups of farmers meet to study topics like conservation agriculture through learning by doing. Criteria for selecting lead farmers and principles of farmer-led extension are outlined, emphasizing that farmers and local institutions should play a key role in selection and evaluation. Farmer field schools are explained as creating awareness, supporting learning, and helping communities solve problems. Their origins in Indonesia in 1989 are also summarized.
The document discusses market led agriculture, including its evolution, key concepts, dimensions, institutions, issues and policies. It provides an introduction to market led agriculture and how the focus has shifted from production-led agriculture to making farmers producers and sellers. It outlines the objectives and roles of extension workers in market led agriculture. It also discusses some of the key institutions, issues around quality standards, infrastructure and information gaps, and different government policy initiatives and future directions.
This document provides information about an agricultural extension seminar on advertisements. The seminar will cover the meaning of advertising, different types of advertisements like newspapers, magazines, posters, radio and television. It will also discuss product oriented, service oriented and institutional advertisements. Senior students will present on how advertisements promote ideas, services and organizations. The seminar aims to illustrate how the success of marketing depends on advertisements and how they are used to promote products and services, especially agricultural products.
Capacity development for market-oriented agricultural development: Approaches...ILRI
This document summarizes an approach to capacity development for market-oriented agricultural development. It discusses how participatory processes are used to assess knowledge and skills gaps, and then a range of strategies are employed for capacity building, including training, coaching, mentoring, and self-learning materials. Between 2013-2015, over 37,000 value chain actors and service providers received training and coaching. Standard training manuals and cascading training approaches help ensure consistency and quality across different levels of training. Mixed-group training and household coaching improve knowledge transfer and application.
- Ethiopia has focused on agricultural development since the 1980s after experiencing conflict, implementing strategies like the Agricultural Development Led-Industrialization strategy.
- The government has invested heavily in agriculture through development plans from 2002-2015, strengthening agricultural extension, research, education, and organizations.
- As a result, the agricultural sector has grown substantially over the last two decades, with food production and per capita grain production increasing. However, low productivity remains a challenge.
- Weak links between research and extension have hindered progress, so the government established Research-Extension Advisory Councils and later Agricultural Development Partners' Linkage Advisory Councils to improve coordination, though challenges remain like low skills and motivation among agricultural
The document discusses research conducted by ICRAF on water and agroforestry from 1991-2007. It focuses on several key areas:
1) Studies in Machakos, Kenya showing that integrating trees with crops can improve soil and water conservation compared to crops alone.
2) Research on how tree roots capture water and influence microclimates to benefit crops. Studies looked at different tree species and arrangements.
3) Long-term consequences of different tree resource capture strategies, including deciduous vs evergreen species.
4) Evidence that deforestation of areas like the Mau Forest Complex in Kenya can negatively impact streamflow. More erosive rains are also predicted.
The new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP): Sustainability and Innovation. Mar...telosaes
The new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP): why the reform? The CAP as a symbol of European integration. The most important novelties: Direct Aid and Rural Development. The assigned resources.
By: Suresh Babu
The structural adjustments of the 1980s and 1990s led to drastic fiscal cuts in financing of public extension systems causing their near collapse in many developing countries. Several new players tried to enter and fill the vacuum, including the private sector. Yet it is not clear how much and how well the private sector is able to fill the gap left by the dysfunctional public systems. This seminar is based on a recent book titled Knowledge Driven Development: Global Lessons from Private Extension (2015, Elsevier), a collection of case studies evaluating 10 private extension models in seven developing countries. The book assesses the functioning of private sector extension systems in various contextual settings. Common knowledge is that most private sector extension models are implemented for, and seem to work well for farmers selling high value commodities. But for staple commodity growers (such as cereal growers), with a small market surplus and little scope for contract farming, these systems may not be sustainable due to cost factors. Some of the case studies challenges this conventional wisdom. Lessons drawn from the cases could be important in giving direction to future development, research and policy on private extension systems. It is observed that private companies have created shared value for farmers across all cases. Integrated services provided as part of private extension programs were a major contributing factor for their success. Private extension programs also help in the effective use of technology for increasing farmer productivity. Additionally, they provide assured market access and price to contracted farmers, thereby reducing the uncertainty of demand to a great extent. Extension programs implemented by private companies lead to inclusive innovation by engaging farmers in development of technical and market solutions. They also reduce barriers to accessing quality inputs. Further, they tend to induce collective action amongst farmer groups, increasing solidarity. Private extension is demand driven, directly addresses information needs of contract farmers, and under certain conditions can fill the gap left by public extension systems in developing countries.
Agroforestry research in India is increasingly being made openly accessible online. The National Research Centre for Agroforestry has developed an Agroforestry Database with information on multipurpose tree species used in agroforestry systems. This includes data on growth, climate requirements, production, and bibliographic references. The World Agroforestry Centre also provides open access to databases and other resources on agroforestry research worldwide. Open access journals on agroforestry and forestry research are also available to allow free sharing of research findings.
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) accounts for approximately 40% of the EU's budget, or around 55 billion euros per year. The CAP was established in 1957 with the goals of increasing agricultural productivity, ensuring a fair standard of living for farmers, stabilizing markets, and providing affordable food for consumers. It has undergone several reforms in response to crises and changing societal priorities around issues such as overproduction, the environment, and developing countries. The most recent reform in 2013 included agreements on convergence payments between member states, greening measures, and more flexibility for member states in implementing the policy while maintaining strict rules.
The document summarizes India's National Agriculture Policy from 2000. The policy aims to accelerate growth in the agriculture sector to over 4% annually, achieve equitable growth across regions and farmers, and maximize benefits from agricultural exports. Various initiatives have been implemented to achieve the policy's goals, including national policies on cooperation, seeds, and extension. Food grain production reached a record 212 million tonnes in 2001-02 due to macro-management planning and regional strategies. Technology missions have also been launched to develop horticulture and coconut.
This document discusses the design and development of agroforestry systems in low rainfall regions of India to combat climate change. It begins by outlining the challenges facing arid lands such as soil erosion from wind and water, vegetation degradation, salinization, and land degradation from overgrazing, deforestation, and poor irrigation practices. It then discusses how agroforestry systems can help sequester carbon and provide economic benefits through various tree-crop-livestock integrated models. Specifically, it evaluates traditional agroforestry systems in Rajasthan that integrate trees like Prosopis cineraria with crops and livestock. It concludes that agroforestry interventions have promise for providing consistent economic returns along with environmental benefits
Product orientation and Market OrientationTooba Fatima
The document discusses product orientation and market orientation. Product orientation means management focuses on product quality and believes their products are unique. It allows for quality focus, technological investment, economies of scale, and outsourcing. However, it risks missed opportunities if customers don't want the best product, obsolescence if the product image is devalued, and narrow branding without a clear message. Market orientation means focusing on discovering and meeting customer needs through the product mix. It allows flexibility, designing new products for customers, and decisions based on research, but carries high research costs, constant change, and unpredictability.
This document provides an overview and guide for the course AEM 301 "Introduction to Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology". The course is a one semester, two credit unit course for students of Agricultural Extension Management. It will cover 15 units across 3 modules. The course aims to stimulate interest in agricultural extension and rural sociology, outline their contributions to development, and recognize the importance of rural development. Upon completing the course, students will be able to define key concepts, discuss theories and strategies, and analyze institutions related to agricultural extension and rural sociology. Assessment will consist of tutor-marked assignments making up 30% of the grade and a final exam constituting the remaining 70%.
Agroforestry based forage production systems for hillsSunil Kumar
The document discusses agroforestry based forage production systems for hills. It provides background on the issues of low fodder availability and quality in hilly areas. It then discusses various agroforestry systems suitable for different agro-climatic zones in hills like silvipasture, alley cropping and hortipasture systems. These systems help improve fodder production and quality as well as income opportunities by integrating trees with crops and livestock. Research findings show that agroforestry systems provide higher total biomass and productivity per unit area compared to sole cropping or grazing systems.
The document outlines objectives and features of the National Agricultural Policy (NAP) 2000, which aimed to establish an appropriate environment to achieve higher agricultural growth in India. The key objectives of NAP 2000 included achieving a growth rate of over 4% annually through structural changes, reforms, efficient resource use, and market orientation. Features included encouraging private participation, competitiveness through liberalization, tax reforms, futures markets, infrastructure development, and credit/insurance expansion to transform agriculture into a modern and productive sector. An evaluation found growth rates increased but small farmers were neglected and infrastructure remained poor.
Millets, An Old Concept To Adapt To New ChangeFSTnortheast
The document discusses different agricultural systems practiced in Northeast India, including various types of wet rice cultivation, shifting cultivation, home gardens, plantation crops, and livestock systems. It also summarizes the major crops grown within different agricultural systems like jhum, valley cultivation, double cropping, and home gardens. These include crops like rice, millets, maize, vegetables, and fruits. The document highlights the high agrobiodiversity of the region and threats to traditional farming systems from fast changes in landscapes, farming practices, and lifestyles.
Presentation by Dr. Sanjaya Mishra on 29/12/2012 at the National Seminar on Radio for Equitable Education organized by DEP-SSA, IGNOU, New Delhi from 27-29 December 2012.
Dr Dev Kambhampati | USAID- Livestock Market Development- Value Chain Analysi...Dr Dev Kambhampati
This document contains value chain analyses for the meat and live animals, hides/skins/leather, and dairy industries in Ethiopia. It finds that while Ethiopia has significant livestock resources, the economic value of animals is not being fully realized. Productivity and value addition are low across industries. However, opportunities exist to address constraints and improve performance through more market-driven strategies. These analyses seek to understand challenges and identify actions to strengthen competitiveness across Ethiopia's livestock value chains.
National mission for sustainable agricultureNiharika Pande
The document outlines a proposed National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture in India. The mission would focus on developing strategies to make Indian agriculture more resilient to climate change by creating new crop varieties that can withstand various weather conditions. It would also focus on four key areas: dryland agriculture, risk management, access to information, and promoting the use of biotechnology. The overall goals are to improve productivity, especially of rainfed agriculture, and ensure food security for India's large population in the face of a changing climate.
Innovation Platforms: a new approach to market development and technology upt...ESAP
Presentation by Andre F. van Rooyen and S. Homann-Kee Tui at the 5th All Africa conference on animal production, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-28 October 2010.
Presented by Pauline Kariuki, Kenya Poultry Farmers Association, at the FAO-ILRI Regional Training Workshop on Proven Livestock Technologies, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 3-5 December 2018
FOSSCCIMA seeks to partner with OSAPND to retrain and develop entrepreneurs from the Amnesty program in the Niger Delta region through agricultural entrepreneurship. They plan to provide training in various agricultural fields like horticulture, crop farming, poultry, and aquaculture. FOSSCCIMA will train over 10,000 participants in batches of 250 using a hybrid approach of value chain analysis and commercial villages to strengthen coordination along the agricultural value chain and facilitate financing. Their goal is to develop sustainable entrepreneurs and improve economic growth in the region.
23 25 jan 2013 csisa kathmandu ppp dealer training ravikanthCSISA
The document discusses the potential for public-private partnerships (PPPs) in agriculture through training of input dealers, as input dealers have a large network reaching many small farmers but generally lack formal agricultural education; it proposes that organizations like CSISA could partner with input suppliers to provide training to dealers on basic agronomy practices and technologies to strengthen their ability to disseminate information and improve farmers' access to knowledge.
The document discusses the LIVES approach for planning, implementing, and documenting agricultural development interventions through value chains. It focuses on fewer commodities than IPMS with more specialized expertise in livestock and irrigation. Interventions are introduced in households, businesses, and organizations in intervention areas and then scaled out to domain areas. Capacity building and knowledge management activities support skills and knowledge transfer within and beyond project areas. Research includes diagnostic, action, and impact studies to document lessons learned.
Accelerating sustainable small ruminant value chain development in EthiopiaILRI
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Market-oriented extension service for agricultural transformation in Ethiopia
1. Market-oriented extension service for
agricultural transformation in Ethiopia
Berhanu Gebremedhin, Dirk Hoekstra and Azage Tegegne
ILRI-LIVES Project
Seminar at Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, 6 May 2015
5. Concluding Remark
• Following the panel discussion, H.E. Ato Belay Ejigu, V/Minister of
Ministry of Agriculture in his concluding remarks stated that the
existence of diversified agro-ecological group arrangement in the
country will create wider opportunities to adopt the various
technologies identified and recommended by the workshop. He
added that the on-going civil service reform in the country is also
expected to lay fertile ground to put the recommended
interventions into practice. He further noted that the contribution of
CGIAR centres towards efforts to be exerted in the implementation
of workshop outputs would be enormous. He finally extended his
appreciation to national and international organizations or
institutions for displaying their technologies, to all the participants
for their active participation, valuable comments and fruitful
contributions, as well as to the organizing committee for their
unreserved efforts to make the workshop possible and successful.
7. IPMS Goal
• To contribute to improved agricultural
productivity and production through
– market-oriented agricultural development,
– as a means for achieving improved and
sustainable livelihoods for the rural
population.
11. WHY LIVES?
• In line with GoE priorities for agriculture–led
industrialization
• In line with the GTP and AGP and other programs of the
GoE
• Livestock and irrigated agriculture are high value
commodities with huge potential and promise to
transform smallholders from subsistence to market-
orientation
• Piloting for learning and scaling up
13. Presentation Outline
• Implication of the smallholder
commercialization policy to the extension
service
• Value chain development approach and market
oriented extension
• Production oriented VS market oriented
extension
• Providers of market oriented extension
• Roles of the market oriented extension service
• Building capacity for market oriented extension
service
14. Implications of the smallholder commercial
policy for the extension service
• What is commercial transformation of agriculture?
– Market orientation in production planning
– Market participation in output markets
• Commercial transformation policy implies the extension
service provides support in market oriented production
planning, and in input and output market support
• Has the extension service adapted itself to serve
commercial transformation of smallholder agriculture?
– Production-oriented VS Market-oriented extension
15. The Value Chain and Market-oriented Extension
Service
Input
supply
Production
Post-
harvest
handling
Trading Processing Trading Consumption
SERVICES
Market oriented extension service
Production oriented
extension service
16. The production-oriented extension Service
• Focus on technology promotion, and productivity and
production enhancement
– Training of DAs and SMSs oriented towards
production technologies and productivity (Crop,
Livestock, NRM)
– Marketing, agribusiness, farm management, market
oriented extension methods mainly missing
– Lack of awareness and capacity to provide market-
oriented extension (MOE)
17. From Production-oriented to Market-
oriented extension
• Shift towards commercialization implies attention to:
– market-oriented production planning
– input and output marketing support services
• Hence, commercial transformation requires expanded
mandate of the extension service
– aim is to support rural households and their
enterprises to earn better income
– need to combine technology promotion and
productivity enhancement with market support
18. What is market-oriented extension?
• Total effort of extension service to:
– Advise and support farmers to plan and produce
profitable commodities using appropriate
technologies and practices
– Collect and communicate market-related information
– Identify profitable markets and buyers
– Link farmers with buyers
– Facilitate and support collective marketing
– Build marketing capacity of producers
19. Key principles of market-oriented extension
• Business principles: Sustainable livelihoods and
welfare is based on income and wealth
accumulation.
• Resource-based: Market-oriented agricultural
development needs to be based on the comparative
advantages of a given area.
• Bottom-up and participatory: Market-oriented
agricultural development depends critically on the
knowledge, skills and experiences of producers and
agribusinesses
20. Key principles of market-oriented extension
• Based on the value chain framework: a market-
oriented extension service will be better placed to
identify the priority intervention points if he/she
follows the value chains framework in the analysis
and identification of constraints and interventions.
21. Who Provides MOE?
• Public extension system
• Producer and commodity organizations
• Processing and trading enterprises
• Non-governmental organizations
• Private extension service providers
• Input suppliers
22. Roles of the market-oriented extension service
• Facilitator of the identification of the production
and marketing possibilities and problems in the
area
• Promoter of the adoption of improved agricultural
technologies for market-oriented commodities
• Collector, processor and interpreter and
disseminator of market information
• Facilitator of linkages of farmers with service
providers , commodity buyers, and processors
23. Roles of the market-oriented extension
service(2)
• Facilitator of collective marketing of households
• provider of market information to farmers and
small-scale businesses
• Builder of marketing capacity of farmers
• Supporter and advisor of business plan
developments
24. Building capacity for market-oriented
extension
• In addition to technical production skills, knowledge and
skills required by market oriented extension service
providers include:
– Basic concepts in economics and agricultural marketing
– Understanding of the concept of value chains and the
value chain development approach
– Knowledge and skills in farm budgeting and planning
– Knowledge and skills in providing market information
service to farmers
– Knowledge and skills in the identification of profitable
markets and linking farmers with those markets
– Knowledge and skills in facilitating collective marketing
26. Market-oriented extension role vc
development
Processing/mark
eting
Production
Input services
Market
oriented
extensio
n
Supporting
institutions
27. • Value chain assessment marketable
commodities:
• Initial identification/consultation of potential value
chain actors and service providers
• Potential problems and interventions in value chain
nodes
• Focus group/key informants interviews/observations
• Stakeholder meeting with value chain actors
• Dairy one of the selected commodities in LIVES
sites
• Potential for fluid milk processing in urban markets
• Potential for local butter in rural and urban markets
Rapid value chain assessment organized
by extension service
28. Two distinct production systems – rural and urban – with
different resource base, market access and market
channels
Diagnostic findings production system
29. Poor performance:
• Mostly small scale 2-3 cows
• Use of genetically improved cows limited
• Poor fertility management – long calving
interval
• Poor quality seasonal feeding/fodder
production
• Animal disease
Diagnostic findings production system
30. • Urban/rural system specific extension
messages
• How to bring advanced knowledge and
skills for farmers to improve production
• Improved access to knowledge for extension
staff on production technologies - MoA/EAP,
knowledge centers, internet, e- readers, study
tours
• Train, coach/mentor intervention farmers with
introduction of new interventions.
• For scaling out: field days/demonstrations
(farms, FTCs), videos, practical training,
husband wife training
Market-oriented extension for dairy
production system
31. • Delivery system improved dairy animals has limited
coverage and effectiveness
• Supply forage seeds/cuttings and fresh fodder limited
• AIB and concentrate feed production and delivery
limited in coverage – high prices?
• Veterinary system limited in coverage and
effectiveness
• Credit for dairy limited
Diagnostic findings dairy input/service
delivery system
32. Encourage development of a more effective system
to increase coverage and effectiveness AI
• Private sector involvement
• OSMAI with innovation: pregnancy diagnostic tools,
double insemination, multi gate express system
Implications MoA improved breed
improvement services
33. Encourage development of more effective system to
supply forage seeds
• Private sector involvement
• FTC production of forage seeds/cuttings
• Farm production of (irrigated) forage seeds with group formation to
bulk seeds for sale
• Linkages between farm seed producers and private sector
• Specialized hydroponic fodder production?
Implications MoA for forage (seed) supply
34. Encourage small scale businesses (youth) for fodder
processing and conservation in collaboration with
other agencies
• chopping,
• bailing,
• silage making
Increase supply of quality AIBs and compound dairy
feed to decrease prices and increase demand
• Advise on ratio formulation
• Advise on grinding technologies
• Group formation to bulk purchase feed
• Create linkages
Implications MoA for fodder processing and
feed supply services
35. Encourage development of a more
effective system to improve vet service
delivery
Licensed private vet services
CAHW
Testing tools for veterinary staff
Implications MoA for veterinary services
36. • Milk collection limited to peri –
urban areas
• Small scale commercial processing
of milk limited to urban areas by
• Cooperatives
• Private processors
• Dairy cafes/shop
• Rural processing of milk for butter
mostly a household activity
• Processing technologies based on
raw milk.
• Little or no use of processing by-
products
Diagnostic findings dairy processing and
marketing
37. • Enlarge milk shed area through
• milk marketing group formation
• Motorized collection agents
• Linkages producers/collectors and processors/cafes/shops .
• Introduce alternative, food safe processing technologies
for small scale commercial processing in urban areas
• Improve economic viability of small scale urban
businesses through product diversification and
commercial utilization of by-products (e.g. whey)
• Improve efficiency butter processing rural areas – group
formation, sour cream processing, churning technology
Implications MoA for processing and
marketing
40. • Development is a continuous process which requires
a responsive and knowledgeable extension system.
• Knowledge required on the value chain, its actors,
public and private sector services providers
• to identify bottlenecks, opportunities
• create linkages between value chain actors
• apply agricultural knowledge for production,
supply of inputs and processing/marketing.
Summary
41. The presentation has a Creative Commons licence. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is given to ILRI.
www.lives-ethiopia.orgwww.lives-ethiopia.org
Thank You Very Much!!