PIC A special purpose integrated circuit that function as an overall manager in an interrupt driven system.
It accepts request from the peripheral equipment,determines which of the incoming request is of the highest priority, ascertains whether the incoming request has a higher priority value than the level currently being serviced, and issues an interrupt to the CPU based on this determination.
PIC A special purpose integrated circuit that function as an overall manager in an interrupt driven system.
It accepts request from the peripheral equipment,determines which of the incoming request is of the highest priority, ascertains whether the incoming request has a higher priority value than the level currently being serviced, and issues an interrupt to the CPU based on this determination.
A microprocessor is an electronic component that is used by a computer to do its work. It is a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit chip containing millions of very small components including transistors, resistors, and diodes that work together. Some microprocessors in the 20th century required several chips. Microprocessors help to do everything from controlling elevators to searching the Web. Everything a computer does is described by instructions of computer programs, and microprocessors carry out these instructions many millions of times a second. [1]
Microprocessors were invented in the 1970s for use in embedded systems. The majority are still used that way, in such things as mobile phones, cars, military weapons, and home appliances. Some microprocessors are microcontrollers, so small and inexpensive that they are used to control very simple products like flashlights and greeting cards that play music when you open them. A few especially powerful microprocessors are used in personal computers.
A microprocessor is an electronic component that is used by a computer to do its work. It is a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit chip containing millions of very small components including transistors, resistors, and diodes that work together. Some microprocessors in the 20th century required several chips. Microprocessors help to do everything from controlling elevators to searching the Web. Everything a computer does is described by instructions of computer programs, and microprocessors carry out these instructions many millions of times a second. [1]
Microprocessors were invented in the 1970s for use in embedded systems. The majority are still used that way, in such things as mobile phones, cars, military weapons, and home appliances. Some microprocessors are microcontrollers, so small and inexpensive that they are used to control very simple products like flashlights and greeting cards that play music when you open them. A few especially powerful microprocessors are used in personal computers.
To understand the basic concepts of 8085 microprocessor, microcontroller. The students will also learn about the programming methods and integration of peripherals to the micro-controller.
A microprocessor is an electronic component that is used by a computer to do its work. It is a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit chip containing millions of very small components including transistors, resistors, and diodes that work together. Some microprocessors in the 20th century required several chips. Microprocessors help to do everything from controlling elevators to searching the Web. Everything a computer does is described by instructions of computer programs, and microprocessors carry out these instructions many millions of times a second. [1]
Microprocessors were invented in the 1970s for use in embedded systems. The majority are still used that way, in such things as mobile phones, cars, military weapons, and home appliances. Some microprocessors are microcontrollers, so small and inexpensive that they are used to control very simple products like flashlights and greeting cards that play music when you open them. A few especially powerful microprocessors are used in personal computers.
MPMC UNIT-1. Microprocessor 8085 pdf Microprocessor and MicrocontrollerRAHUL RANJAN
Diploma in Electrical Engineering MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER UNIT-1 Full Notes 📝 Microprocessor 8085 State Board Of Technical Education [SBTE] BIHAR
all about architecture and memory interfacing. This is the most important lecture for microprocessor.
In computer science you must known about this lecture.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
2. History of Microprocessor
A microprocessor (sometimes abbreviated
µP) is a digital electronic component with
transistors on a single semiconductor
integrated circuit (IC).
A Central processing unit (CPU) in a
computer system or handheld device
consists of one or more microprocessors.
3. A Microprocessor is essentially a set of
switches. Using photographic technology a
massive set of electronic switches is
superimposed onto a very small piece of
silicon.
Through the use of binary language, which
consists of only two states; one and zero (on
and off), these can be used to store
information and perform operations on it.
4. A bit refers to one binary digit; a zero or one. In
computer memory and processing this refers to
the state of one switch. The transistors are
arranged into groups in order to represent
complex numbers and instructions
5. The very first microprocessor is considered to
be the Intel 4004. It was released in 1971 and
was a 4 Bit processor.
Then the 8 bit 8008 microprocessor. It was
developed by Intel in 1972
The first multi-chip 16 bit processor was
released by National Semiconductor in 1973
Intel upgraded the 8008 into a 16 bit version
they called the 8086. It was the first of the
x86 family by which many modern PCs are
powered.
6. 32 bit designs didn't require much to improve
performance since it has double the size of
instructions as well as the amount of
addressable memory.
68000 by Motorola was one of the first
microprocessors developed to 32 bit
architectures. It was released in 1979 and
continued to be in use today.
7. Most of today's computers are turning to 64
bit designs to handle dealing with very large
amounts of data. This is needed especially as
demand for 3D Graphics and fast video has
risen. E.g. AMD Athlon, Pentium i5/i7
processors.
8. Microprocessors are classified into different types on the basis of
the bit of operation. Based on bit of operation at a time, the following
are the types of microprocessors:
==> 4 bit. e.g. Intel 4004
==> 8 bit. e.g. Intel 8085, 8088, Zilog Z80, Z180
==> 16 bit. e.g. Intel 8086, 80186, 80286, 80386,
==> 32 bit. e.g. Intel Pentium, Celeron, AMD Sempron
==> 64 bit. e.g. AMD Athlon.
Based on the instruction set microprocessors are classified into:
RISC — Reduced Instruction Set Computing. These types of
processors are commonly used in ovens, air conditioners, etc.
CISC — Complex Instruction Set Computing. The types of
processors are used in desktops, laptops and servers.
10. Basic Block Diagram of
Microprocessor
Arithmetic
and Logic
Unit (ALU)
Register
Array
Timing and Control
unit
ALU – Performs all
arithmetic and logical
operations
Register array – Holds the
data temporarily for
processing
Control Unit – It supervises/
monitors all the operations
carried out in the computer
11. The 8085 Microprocessor
The 8085 microprocessor was introduced by
Intel in the year 1976.
This microprocessor is an update of 8080
microprocessor. The 8080 processor was
updated with Enable/Disable instruction pins
and Interrupt pins to form the 8085
microprocessor.
It is an 8-bit microprocessor with a 40 pin
dual in line package
13. Flag
Reg
Instruction
Reg
Instruction
decoder
Address Buffer A8-A15
B C
D E
H L
Stack Pointer
Program Counter
Incrementer/ Decrementer
Address latch
Data/address Buffer
AD0-AD7
Temp.
Reg
Accumulator
Arithmetic and
Logic Unit
Timing and Control unit
RAM memory
8-bit_Internal_databus
Intel 8085 Microprocessor
Architecture
8- bit External
Data bus
ReadWriteClock
14. The 8085 has a set of registers for performing various
operations. The various registers include:
Accumulator – 8 bit register which holds the latest result from ALU
B, C, D, E, H and L are general purpose registers
HL pair can be used for indirect addressing as well
Program counter – 16 bit register which holds the address of the next
instruction to be executed
Instruction register – It holds the instruction that is currently being processed.
Stack pointer is used during subroutine calling and execution.
Address Latch – It increments/ decrements the address before sent to the
address buffer
15. Various Flags
Sign Flag:If the result of the latest arithmetic operation is having MSB (most-
significant byte) ‘1’ (meaning it is a negative number), then the sign flag is set.
Otherwise, it is reset to ‘0’ which means it is a positive number.
Zero flag: If the result of the latest operation is zero, then zero flag will be set;
otherwise it be reset.
Auxiliary Carry Flag: This flag is not accessible to programmer. This flag will be
used by the system during BCD (binary-coded decimal) operations.
Parity Flag: If the result of the latest operation is having even number of ‘1’s,
then this flag will be set. Otherwise this will be reset to ‘0’. This is used for error
checking.
Carry Flag: If the result of the latest operations exceeds 8-bits then this flag will
be set. Otherwise it be reset.
16. An example assembly
language program
Address Instruction
202A MVI A, 21 ;Copies 21 into accumulator
202C MVI B, 2A ;Copies 2A into B register
202E ADD B ;Adds B reg content with Acc and
stores the result in Acc.
202F STA 41 FF ; Stores the Acc (the sum) into
the memory location 41 FF.
2032 HLT ; Stops the program
17. Memory storage of the Assembly
language
Address Instruction/Data
202A MVI A,
202B 21
202C MVI B,
202D 2A
202E ADD B
202F STA
2030 FF
2031 41
2032 HLT
18. Another example assembly
language program
Address Instruction
2020 MVI B, 24 ;Copies 24 into accumulator
2022 INR B ;Increment B reg content by 1
2023 MOV A, B ;Copies B register into Acc.
2024 SUB B ;Subtracts B reg content from
Acc and stores the result in Acc.
2025 STA 5F FF ; Stores the Acc content into
the memory location 5F FF.
2028 HLT ; Stops the program