This document provides an overview of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), emphasizing its principles, significance, and challenges in addressing global water issues. It highlights the interconnectedness of water management with development, poverty reduction, and environmental sustainability, while also addressing the current pressures on water resources. The paper calls for a coordinated approach involving stakeholders, sound policies, and a focus on equity and environmental considerations to manage water effectively.

1. Presented by Floyd Homer [email_address] Integrated Water Resources Management: An Introduction

2. Objectives To provide an introduction on key principles and themes of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). To show IWRM’s key linkages to development and to addressing poverty reduction, water and health, and water and food (MDGs). To enable application of IWRM principles for awareness raising and capacity building in advising decision makers.

3. About Water …. A “Single” Resource – has no substitute A Limited Resource A Scarce Resource (or is it?) Has Social, Economic, and Environmental Value (social and environment are recent)

4. A Unique Resource Every organism, individual, and ecosystem on the planet depends on water for survival. Water impacts all aspects of life on the planet Poor water management and water shortages can lead to disease, malnutrition, reduced economic growth, social instability, conflict, and environmental disaster.

5. The Global Water Budget Global Water 97% Seawater 3% Freshwater Global Freshwater 87% Not Accessible 13% Accessible (0.4% of global)

6. A Challenge to Water Management

8. Top 10 Largest Cities by 2015

9. The Water Scene Resources are scarce Demands are outstripping supplies Environmental/Ecological issues are serious Policy and institutional issues are complicated Current approach is sectoral and fragmented Financing is poor and options are expensive

10. Where Are We Headed? Decreasing per-capita availability Degrading water quality Increasing competition/conflict within sectors and within society Urban versus agriculture Haves versus have nots Upstream versus downstream National versus international Increasing competition/conflict with the environment

11. Demand Sectors Water for People – safe and reliable drinking water supply, as well as sanitation. Water for Food Production – irrigation, wastewater reuse, and flood management Water for Nature – rainwater infiltration, groundwater recharge, river flow and aquatic ecosystems maintenance Water for Industry – manufacturing, cooling systems and liquid waste disposal Water for Emergencies – fire control and drought relief

12. Water as a Global Issue Water crisis has steadily moved up the global agenda The process is driven by water-related health impacts, rapid industrialization, water security, and awakening environmental consciousness

13. The Paradigm Shift The Dublin principles (1992) Water is a single, finite resource Water management and development should include stakeholders Water is an economic good Women play a central role in management and conservation of water The Dublin Principles have served as guide for the global water dialogue

14. Key Water Challenges and Needs Integrated management of water Water resources economics Political economy of water Water supply and sanitation services Irrigation/drainage NRM and environment Water pricing and cost recovery Water entitlement and rights Water users empowerment Sharing of water and its benefits Cooperation and conflict resolution Energy

15. MDGs … a starting point Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2. Achieve universal primary education Goal 3. Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4. Reduce child mortality Goal 5. Improve maternal health Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8. Develop a Global Partnership for Development

16. Ad hoc Economic Analysis -- Single Project or Basin Multi-Objective Planning Comprehensive Multi-Purpose River Basin Planning and Management Strategic Planning and Implementation through IWRM Approaches to Water Management

17. The Water Balancing Act Demand Increasing in all sectors Inefficient use Supply Quantity ( Natural Scarcity, Groundwater Depletion) Quality Degradation Cost of Options IWRM

18. Integrated Water Resources Management A systematic process for managing water, land and related resources in a way that meets society’s long-term need for water while ensuring that economic and social welfare are not compromised and that there is no harm to the environment. A coordinating framework for integrating and implementing sectoral needs, water and water-related policy, resource allocation, and management of natural resources and environmental systems; within the context of social, economic, and environmental development objectives.

19. IWRM is about: Managing water resources at the lowest possible level. Managing demand for water and optimising the supply. Providing equitable access to water resources by a participatory approach. Establishing policies to help manage water resources. Engaging all sectors of the economy in the IWRM process.

20. Why IWRM? Globally accepted and makes good sense. Key element in national water policy. Incorporates social and environmental considerations directly into policy and decision making. Directly involves the stakeholders. Is a tool for optimizing investments under tight financing climate.

21. Key Water & Water-related Policies/Inst. Resources Assessment & Analysis Use Assessment & Analysis Resource Development & Management Plan Implementation & Monitoring Resource Allocation Strategy Review & Evaluation Country Development Objectives Schematic of the IWRM Process Stakeholder Input Donor Input Other Input

22. IWRM can be characterized as : A process, not a product Scale independent - applies at all levels of development A tool for self assessment and program evaluation A tool for policy, planning, and management A mechanism for evaluating competing demands, resource allocation, and tradeoffs

23. IWRM in Practice Enabling Environment Policies Legislative Framework Financing and Incentive Structures Institutional Mechanism Institutional Framework Institutional Capacity Building Management Instruments Water Resources Assessments Planning for IWRM Demand Management Social Change Instruments Economic Instruments Information and Communications

24. Dimensions of IWRM GWP

25. Water Governance The GWP defines Water Governance as the range of political, social, economic and administrative systems that are in place to develop and manage water resources and the delivery of water services at different levels of society. It is really the traditions and institutions by which authority is exercised in a country. Governance deals with who is really in charge and how power is used to decide who gets what and when.

26. The Water Resources Development Process: Sectoral (or Use) Approach Governance Health Water Quality Water Supply Floods/Droughts Energy Agriculture Industry Pollution Prev Coastal Mgt. Ecosystem Mgt. Activity Sectors (water uses) Social Development Economic Development Env . Protection Objectives Policy/Inst. Framework Management Institutions Prosperity Feedback

27. Water Resources Development : The IWRM Process Governance Health Water Quality Water Supply Floods/Droughts Energy Agriculture Industry Pollution Prev Coastal Mgt. Ecosystem Mgt. Activity Sectors (water uses) Social Development Economic Development Env . Protection Objectives Policy/Inst. Framework Management Institutions Feedback Prosperity IWRM Water and water related policies review and revision IWRM Resource development, management, monitoring, and evaluation IWRM Resource availability/use analysis and allocation

28. Barriers to IWRM Willingness to change - Domestic water, sanitation, agricultural water, etc. Are divided over a several government departments, often with little collaboration. Lack of tools and systems for integration – The challenge is finding effective tools and processes to achieve greater coordination and cooperation without incurring such high transaction costs that the entire process becomes wasteful.

29. Further Barriers A lack of both policy and the personnel to implement it. Conflict between decentralisation and the desire to maintain central power and influence. The difficulty of getting the different sectors to interact meaningfully for the common good. An unwillingness to deal with the implications of the critical need for reliability in domestic supplies, and the implications this has on the availability of water for other sectors, such as agriculture and industry.

30. Influencing Change Advocacy Policy Subsidiarity Institutional development Participatory management

31. THANK YOU….. Questions or comments?