The document discusses Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) approaches in Yemen. It outlines several key challenges Yemen faces regarding water resources, including high population growth, overuse of water, and lack of water governance. The four Dublin principles of IWRM are discussed as a framework: water as a finite resource, participatory approaches, recognizing women's roles, and treating water as an economic good. The document provides examples of IWRM projects in Yemen focused on alternative irrigation, groundwater protection, job creation, and safe drinking water supplies.

1. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Yemen talking private gossip gtz Dr. Michael Klingler Policy Advisor -water and infrastructure- Michael Klingler

3. Population growth >3.5%

4. water resources misuse

5. Water governance crisis

6. Lack of educationDam in Amran Governorate, North Yemen

7. Water sector reform, the MDG’s(Millennium Development Goals) Partner countries derive numerous benefits: Partners gain expertise and competence Partners create effective organizational structures Partners are strengthened in exercising their core functions An efficient and productive water sector means: safeguarding water resources ensuring sustainable and efficient drinking water supply securing access by the poor to clean drinking water and sanitation preventing water-induced diseases protecting ecosystems reducing user conflicts Michael Klingler

8. The main challenges: Securing water for people Protecting vital ecosystems Dealing with variability of water Managing risks Developing other job creating activities Creating awareness and understanding Supporting the political will to act Ensuring collaboration across sectors and boundaries Michael Klingler

9. IWRM: Dublin principles as a guide The four Dublin principles: Freshwater as a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and the environment. Water development and management should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners and policy makers at all levels Women play a central part in the provision, management and safeguarding of water Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognized as an economic good Michael Klingler

11. Promoting monitoring, change of water use and change of irrigation techniques

12. Promoting decentralized solutionsNormal situation and………………………… after rain; Sana’a, Capital Yemen

13. Michael Klingler Principle II: Participatory approach Yemen: (in process) Pushing forward decentralization Multi stakeholder dialog installed Legal setup for 3 Water Basin Committees Real participation Achieving consensus Creating participatory mechanisms and capacity

14. Michael Klingler Principle III: The important role of woman Yemen: (difficult) Women associations are involved (South is different from North) Very important but hard to approach Women are focused in awareness, health and education Involvement of women in decision making Women as water users IWRM requires gender awareness National Mascot (Rauiana & Rauian) founded by GTZ-IWRM

16. No real cost recovery

17. Service gives the value

18. Water tariffs are in place, - water through networks is unhealthy

19. Lack of water law enforcement

20. Lack of political will to enforce tariffs

21. Water has a value as an economic good

22. Value and charges are two different things

23. Useful water cost concepts

24. The goal of full cost recovery

25. Managing demand through economic instruments

27. Growing Qat is most economic for farmers Michael Klingler Qat field, (Qad is an Amphetamine drug, most people, particular man, are addicted to Qat in Yemen)

28. Supporting alternativ adapted irrigation schemes Michael Klingler Pilot irrigation scheme using buried clay pots as irrigation source

29. Ground water protection and monitoring Michael Klingler Improving a pump house, (setup for ground water protection zone one)

30. Supporting water related jobs and production schemes Michael Klingler Construction of the first environmental friendly kiln used to produce colloidal silver impregnated ceramic filters to be used for purifying surface water out of cisterns

31. Improving decentralized save drinking water supplies Michael Klingler Distribution of colloidal silver impregnated ceramic filters in a pilot village. In the piloted villages water born diseases were reduced during the pilot phase from 65% to under 5%. One filter serves 8 people/day with drinking water for a least 3 years.

32. Always taking into account cultural circumstances…… ….and needs Michael Klingler Hababah city view Drinking water supply cistern

33. Michael Klingler Use IWRM as a way.. ..not as a goal Thank You gtz English site http://www.gtz.de/en/index.htm Traditional Yemeni “Jambia” dance

34. Principle 4 of the Dublin Statement states that "Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognized as an economic good." Similarly, the Prophet Muhammad declared that water should be, together with pasture and fire, the common entitlement of all Muslims. This is why, in many modern Muslim countries, water legislation considers that water resources belong to the whole community, that is, the state or the public domain (Caponera 1992). Based on this notion, public water in its natural state (large lakes and rivers) cannot be sold. Access to water is a right of the community. Islamic law does, however, distinguish between public and private water. Private water includes that contained in wells, tanks, and other reservoirs. If an additional cost is incurred to convey, treat, and store water, then it is considered to be under private ownership (Zouhaili 1989). This implies that water users have to pay the cost of operation, treatment, and maintenance of water supply systems. However, special consideration must be paid to low-income users who do not have the ability to pay and, for some users, water should be subsidized. In addition, the right to use water can be separated from the land which a watercourse traverses, not by sale but by legacy. Although the water in such a canal is privately owned, everyone has the right to drink from it, but he must not trespass on the land where the canal is situated without the permission of the owner, except in case of necessity. Full private property in water exists only if it is "in custody," that is, in a container. The state has the right to recoup the cost of supplying, treating, and distributing public water. Michael Klingler http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-93949-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html