Oral medicine deals with diagnosis, treatment and prevention of oral mucosal diseases, local oral diseases, and oral manifestations of systemic diseases. It also involves dental management of medically compromised patients. Oral radiology uses x-rays to produce images of oral tissues. Oral diagnosis identifies oral diseases based on their symptoms and signs. These specialties classify oral lesions based on factors like etiology, pathological process, clinical appearance, and origin to facilitate diagnosis and treatment.

2. Oral Medicine & Radiology
Oral
Diagnosis
Oral
Medicine
Oral
Radiology

3. Definitions
Oral Diagnosis is defined as an art and science of
identifying an oral disease from its symptoms and signs.
Oral Oral Medicine Radiology is is defined defined as as that a science branch composed of dentistry
of
which technical deals and with:
interpretative procedures that
1. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of:
interdependently result in useful diagnostic data.
a. Oral mucosal diseases
b. Local oral diseases
c. Oral manifestations of systemic diseases
Oral Radiography is defined as an art and science of
producing photographic image of oral tissues through
use of x-radiation.
2. Dental management of physiologically compromised
patients.

4. Reading Material
 Lecture notes
 Burket’s Oral Medicine
by Malcolm Lynch, 8th / 9th Edition
 Oral Radiology: Principles & Interpretation
by Goaz & White, 2nd / 3rd Edition
 Differential Diagnosis of Oral Lesions
by Goaz & Wood, 2nd / 3rd Edition

5. Oral Medicine is defined as that branch of
dentistry which deals with:
1. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of:
a. Oral mucosal diseases
b. Local oral diseases
c. Oral manifestations of systemic
diseases
2. Dental management of physiologically
compromised patients.

6. Oral Medicine
Oral mucosal
diseases
Local oral
diseases
• Oral manifestations of systemic diseases
• Dental management of physiologically
compromised patients.

7. CLASSIFICATION OF ORAL DISEASES
Some ways of classifying oral diseases :
~ Based on etiology
e.g. viral, traumatic
~ Based on the pathological process involved
e.g. inflammatory, neoplastic
~ Based on symptoms
e.g. recurrent, painful conditions, tumorous
conditions
~ Based on clinical appearance of lesions
e.g. ulcerative, vesicular, erosive
~ Based on origin
e.g. developmental, acquired

8. “A lesion is a localized area of disease or
injury in any organ or tissue of the body”
ORAL SOFT TISSUE LESIONS
WHITE
ULCER
EXOPHYTIC
YELLOW DRAINING
and PITS
BROWNISH,
BLUISH
or BLACK
RED
Keratotic
Necrotic
Solitary Generalized Tongue

9. Fordyce’s granules,
Leukoplakia, Lichen
Fibroma, Lip pits,
Mucocele,
Aphthous, Traumatic,
Lipoma, Jaundice,
planus, Burns
Draining abscess,
Tori, Pyogenic
ORAL SOFT TISSUE LESIONS
WHITE
CarotMeneelamnioama,
Oro-antral fistula
granuloma
Mucocele, Petechiae
Erythroplakia, Acute
& ecchymoses
atrophic candidiasis,
ULCER
Malignant
Glossitis
EXOPHYTIC
YELLOW DRAINING
and PITS
BROWNISH,
BLUISH
or BLACK
RED
Keratotic
Necrotic
Solitary Generalized Tongue

10. Another way of classifying oral lesions :
PRIMARY
LESION
SECONDARY
LESION
Macule, Plaques, Papule, Patch
Nodule, Tumor
Vesicle, Bulla, Pustule
Petechia, Ecchymosis

11. Macule: Sharply circumscribed discoloration (flat) up to 1
cm in diameter
Patch: Sharply circumscribed discoloration (flat) more
than 1 cm in diameter

12. Papule: Well circumscribed, solid, flat-topped raised lesion
up to 1 cm in diameter
Plaque: Well circumscribed solid raised lesion more
than 1 cm in diameter

13. Nodule: Well circumscribed solid, rounded projection up
to 1 cm in diameter
Tumor: Well circumscribed solid, rounded projection
more than 1 cm in diameter

14. Vesicle: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation
up to 1 cm in diameter
Bulla: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation
more than 1 cm in diameter

15. Vesicle: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation
up to 1 cm in diameter
Bulla: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation
more than 1 cm in diameter

16. Vesicle: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation
up to 1 cm in diameter
Bulla: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation
more than 1 cm in diameter

17. Pustule: Sharply circumscribed pus-filled elevation similar
to vesicle or bulla

18. Petechiae: Sharply circumscribed deposit of blood or
blood pigments up to 1 cm in diameter
Ecchymosis: Sharply circumscribed deposit of blood or
blood pigments more than 1 cm in diameter

19. Petechiae: Sharply circumscribed deposit of blood or
blood pigments up to 1 cm in diameter
Ecchymosis: Sharply circumscribed deposit of blood or
blood pigments more than 1 cm in diameter

20. Another way of classifying oral lesions :
PRIMARY
LESION
SECONDARY
LESION
Erosion, Ulcer, Scar
Infiltration

21. Erosion: Loss of superficial layers of epithelium
Ulcer: Break in the continuity of the epithelium (deeper
than an erosion)

22. Scar: Deposit of highly fibrous tissue subsequent to ulcer or
injury
Infiltration: Extension of the primary lesion into the
deeper tissue causing fixity or induration

23. “Colour Atlas of Oral Diseases”
George Laskaris
2nd Edition, 1994

24. DESCRIPTION OF A DISEASE PROCESS
Definition
Etiology & Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Clinical Features : age, sex, site, symptoms & signs
Radiographic Features
Histological Features
Investigations, Diagnosis & Differential Diagnosis
Treatment & Prognosis