This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
A well pictured presentation on Endodontic Instrumentation for UG students. Best for getting a good grip on the topic as a whole. Meant to supplement not substitute standard texts.
this contains the steps for the class 1 cavity preparation for amalgam in detail. also contains the difference between composite and amalgam cavity preparation.
This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
A well pictured presentation on Endodontic Instrumentation for UG students. Best for getting a good grip on the topic as a whole. Meant to supplement not substitute standard texts.
this contains the steps for the class 1 cavity preparation for amalgam in detail. also contains the difference between composite and amalgam cavity preparation.
Tooth hypersensitivity is a common problem encountered in everyday life and clinical practice. This presentation clearly shows causes, methods of prevention and treatment in such cases.
brief description on posterior superior alveolar nerve block.
its uses in dentistry, technique and action. locating PSA nerve is easy and this is the most used nerve block in dentistry.
a detailed account of the principles of tooth preparation with main reference from Shillingburg
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
An inlay may cap none, or may cap all but one cusp.
Sturdevant’s 4th ed. page579
Inlays may be used as single-tooth restorations for proximo-occlusal or gingival lesions with minimal to moderate extensions
Shillingburg page 1
An inlay may be defined as a restoration which has been constructed out of mouth from gold, porcelain, or other material & then cemented into the prepared cavity of a tooth.
William McGehee pg410
Tooth hypersensitivity is a common problem encountered in everyday life and clinical practice. This presentation clearly shows causes, methods of prevention and treatment in such cases.
brief description on posterior superior alveolar nerve block.
its uses in dentistry, technique and action. locating PSA nerve is easy and this is the most used nerve block in dentistry.
a detailed account of the principles of tooth preparation with main reference from Shillingburg
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
An inlay may cap none, or may cap all but one cusp.
Sturdevant’s 4th ed. page579
Inlays may be used as single-tooth restorations for proximo-occlusal or gingival lesions with minimal to moderate extensions
Shillingburg page 1
An inlay may be defined as a restoration which has been constructed out of mouth from gold, porcelain, or other material & then cemented into the prepared cavity of a tooth.
William McGehee pg410
The pulp is the formative organ of the tooth.
The pulp has been described as highly resistant organ and as organ with little resistance or recuperating ability.
Its resistance depends on cellular activity, nutritional supply, age and other metabolic and physiologic parame
Dentin hyper sensitivity 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
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Dentine hypersensitivity / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
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This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
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Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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3. Introduction.
The term dentine hypersensitivity has been used for many
decades to describe a common painful condition of the teeth.
Despite this there are many gaps in our knowledge concerning
dentine hypersensitivity.
It is perhaps not surprising therefore that one can still have
sympathy with statement made in 1987 by Johnson and Co-
workers that dentine hypersensitivity is an Enigma, being
frequently encountered yet ill understood.
4. Definition.
Dentine hypersensitivity is defined as short, sharp pain arising
from exposed dentine in response to stimuli, typically thermal,
evaporative, tactile, osmotic or chemical and which cannot be
ascribed to any other dental defect or pathology.
Dowell and Addy 1983
5. Prevalence
15-18% of the general populations;
72-98% - In periodontal patients
Age incidence: – 20-40 yrs peak; range 20-50 yrs.
(Reasons – appearance and progression of gingival recession.)
Gender: - Proportionately more females affected than males.
Reasons: Related to the better oral hygiene of females compared with
male
Differences in diet – favoring healthy but often acidic foods and drinks in
females.
Either periodontal disease and / or periodontal treatment predisposed to
dentine hypersensitivity, presumably through both having effects on
dentine and gingival recession.
6. Distribution
Buccal cervical area of teeth
Reasons – site of pre-dilection for gingival recessions and the area
where enamel is the thinnest.
Most commonly affected are canines and Ist premolars, then incisor
and 2nd premolars, least often molars.
Show a negative co-relation with plaque scores recorded by site.
Significantly greater proportions of left side tooth sensitivity
compared with their right contralateral tooth types.
7. Etiology
Two processes need to occur to arise dentine hypersensitivity.
Lesion localization
Lesion initiation
A. LESION LOCALIZATION: dentine has to become exposed.
Causes:
Enamel loss
Gingival recession
13. B. LESION INITIATION
Require opening of dentinal tubules
Tooth paste remove the smear layer
through abrasive and detergent actions
Erosive agents, particularly acid dietary
fluids readily expose tubules
Most soft drinks, some alcoholic
beverages and yoghurt all readily
remove the dentine smear layer after a
few minutes of exposure.
Erosion causes bulk loss of dentine and
surface softening, which is very
susceptible to physical insults.
14. Mechanism of action
The neural theory, gate
control theory
The odontoblastic
transduction theory
The hydrodynamic theory
15. Direction neural stimulation
According to this theory the dentinal tubules innervated by
nerves, which extend upto 100 microns along the dentinal
tubules.
Whenever there is injury to these dentinal tubules, the stimuli
reach the nerve ending in the inner dentine.
The stimulated nerve causes hypersensitivity.
Since histological examination shows the dentinal tubules does
not contain any nerve endings, this theory is not accepted
16. Gate control theory. (seltzer)
• A.k.a. vibration theory
• Irritated pulpal nerves get activated & larger myelinated fibres
accommodate these sensations.
• But smaller C fibres tend to be maintained hence high intensity
gates remain open
• Causing pain
17. 2. Transduction theory
Membrane of the odontoblast process is excited by the stimulus
and the impulse is conduct to the nerve ending in the inner
dentine i.e. pre-dentine, odontoblast zone and pulp.
Not popular theory since there is no neurotransmitter vesicles in
the odontoblast process to facilitate the synapse or synaptic
specialization.
18. 3. Hydrodynamic theory
Ist proposed Gysi – 1900,)
(Brannstrous 1963,67.)
Rapid shifts of the fluids within the
dentinal tubules, following stimulus
application, result in activation of
sensory nerves in the inner dentin
region of the tooth
21. 1. Verbal rating scale is a simple descriptive pain scale which
includes the following:
0 – No discomfort
1 – Mild discomfort
2 – Marked discomfort
3 – Marked discomfort that lasted for more than 10 seconds
22. 2. Visual analogue scale is a line 10 cm in length,
the extremes of the line representing the limits
of pain, a patient might experience from an
external stimulus.
3. McGill pain questionnaire – the patient is
shown 20 sets of words and asked to select a
word from each set which best describes the
present pain experience.
24. Mechanical or tactile stimuli
Pass a sharp dental explorer… grade the response …..scale 0 – 3
Collins used a no 23 explorer
Simple yet effective
5 – 10 gm of force…Tip of the explorer … 500/nm2…
compression and deformation of dentin.
Incorporating a calibrated strain gauge in the explorer.
Using a Yeaple probe…. Compact handpiece that contains an
explorer … electromagnetic field.
25. Hand held scratch device… Dr Kleinberg
Torsion gauge
Sharp explorer like probe
Indicator …Records the force of displacement in centinewtons
Probed at CEJ
A tooth that fails to respond at 80 centi-newtons is non
sensitive.
27. Thermal Sensitivity
Directing a burst of warm temperature air from a dental syringe
onto the test tooth
One second blast from the air syringe …. temperature is b/n 650
and 700F and at a pressure of 60 psi
0 - No discomfort
1 - Mild discomfort, but no severe pain
2 - Severe pain when stimulus is applied
3 - Severe pain occurs and persists even after removal of stimulus
28. An air thermal device devised by Dr. K.C. Yeh
Used a temperature controlled stream of air as the stimulus.
Air was heated to 1000F close to temperature of the mouth. Its
temp was then reduced until the subject felt pain or discomfort.
The Yeh device had a disposible plastic tip, and air emitted at 10
psi could be adjusted to between 1000 and 700F within about 2
minutes.
29. Cold water testing: varied temperature of 15 ml of water is rinsed.
Thermo-electric device (Biomat-thermal probe)
It provides a continuous application of heat/cold.
Consists of small probe tip to which thermistor is attached. This
thermistor measures the temperature at the probe tip.
A current flow is used to regulation air temperature either by
increasing or decreasing the current flow in range of 12oC- 82oC
It is preset at temperature of 37.5oC. It can be used for heat and cold
testing by increasing or decreasing the temperature by IoC.
Ice – stick.
Heat or cold air.
Ethyl chloride.
30.
31. Electrical stimulation
Electrical pulp tester
Is a battery operated, producing pulses of direct current. The intensity of
the output voltage may be increased by pre-setting various numbered
gradations (0-10) on a thumb wheel.
Dental Pulp Stethoscope
Developed by Stark et al (1977)
Consisted of a digital readout sensitive voltameter connected to a digital
printer teeth was activated by push button control. A conventional
battery powered electrical pulp tester was attached to the Voltameter.
The stimulus intensity was measured in volts.
The pulp test lip is placed on the gingival 1/3rd of enamel and tooth
stimulated. A electrolytic gel with a pH of 5.4 – 5.6 is used.
When patients feel tingling warm sensation, it is switched off and voltage
is read in digital read out. 15 volts and above- range of non sensitivity
33. Chemical / osmotic stimulation
Hypertonic solutions. Eg. Sodium chloride glucose, sucrose and
calcium chloride.
The use of chemical solution is complicated, because the solute in
solution diffuses into the dentine fluid. On repeated applications,
the osmotic pressure difference between the tubular fluid and the
applied fluid will decrease and reduce the effect of the solution as
our osmotic stimulus.
To avoid this, long time intervals must be allowed between the
applications of the solutions.
Practically least preferred.
36. Classification
According to Scherman A and Jacobeen – 1992.
Based on chemical and physical properties as follows.
Chemical agents Physical agents
Corticosteroids Composites
Silver nitrate Resins
Strontium chloride Varnishes
Formaldehyde Sealants
Potassium nitrate or oxalate Soft tissue grafts
Fluorides Glass inomer cement
Sodium citrate Lasers
Iontophoresis with 2% NaF
37. B. IN-OFFICE PRODUCTS
1. Treatment agents that do not polymerize.
a. Varnishes / Precipitants
Shellacs
5% NaF varnish
1% sodium fluoride, 0.4% stannous fluorides
3% mono-potassium-monohydrogen oxalate
6% acidic ferric oxalate
Calcium phosphate preparations.
Calcium hydroxide.
b. Primes containing HEMA (Hydroxy ethyl methacrlate)
5% glutaradehyde
35% HEMA in water
II. Treatment agents that undergo setting or polymerization reactions.
Conventional glass ionomer cement.
Resin-modified glass ionomer cement / Compomers
Adhesive resin primers
Adhesive resin bonding system.
III. Use of mouth guards.
IV. Iontophoresis.
V. Lasers.
38. Mechanisms
The most likely mechanisms of action is the reduction in the
diameter of the dentinal tubules so as to limit the displacement of
fluid in them.
According to Trowbridge and Silver (1990) this can be attained by
Formation of a smear layer produced by burnishing the exposed
surface.
Topical application of agents that forms insoluble precipitates
with in the tubules.
Impregnation of tubules with plastic resins.
Sealing of the tubules with plastic resins.
Act via precipitates of crystalline salts on the dentine surface,
which blocks dental tubules.
Desensitizing agents are effective when used continuously for a
period of at least 2 weeks.
39. A. Home use products
Rationale.
Home use ‘over the counter’ desensitizing products appear to
be the most realistic and practical means of treating most
patients with tooth dentine hypersensitivity and should be the 1st
step in routine management.
Several reasons exit to prescribe these products.
They are readily and widely available in pharmacies
The products are cost effective.
The ‘over the counter’ products an simple to use and non-invasive
The habit of tooth brushing is almost universal the patients are
not required to do anything.
40. Strontium chloride
Dentifrice containing 10% strontium chloride hexahydrate
as the desensitizing agent
Sensodyne tooth paste was formulated with strontium
chloride hexahydrate in 1961
In vitro studies report that strontium chloride only slightly
reduces dentinal fluid flow, the occurrence thought to be
produced by the abrasive filler occluding the tubule
orifices.
Skurnick in an uncontrolled study, found that it decreased
dentinal sensitivity short term in 93% of cases.
However, Anderson and Matthews found it ineffective as
a densitizing agent.
Possible detrimental pulpal effects of strontium chloride
have also been suggested.
Minkoo et al regular at-home use of a dentifrice
containing 10% strontium chloride hexahydrate is an
effective means for reducing the discomfort and pain
engendered by thermal and tactile stimuli.
41. Potassium Nitrate
Greenhill and Pashleyfound potassium nitrate - ineffective in decreasing any
dentinal fluid flow in in vitro coated dentin, even at a 30% concentration.
But many investigators have found 5% potassium nitrate an excellent dentinal
desensitizing agent.
Hodash (1974) called potassium nitrate a superior desensitizer and found it to be
highly effective at concentrations of 1 to 15 %
In a controlled study, Tarbet et al found 5% potassium nitrate-paste able to
desensitize the dentin effectively at 1 week and up to 4 weeks compared to the
control (paste without potassium nitrate) in 92% of the subjects. In a follow-up
report, which histologically examined the pulpal effects of the previous study, it
was determined that "potassium nitrate did not induce any pulpal tissue change
42. Sodium monoflurophospate
In a study by Arowojolu (2001) , the desensitizing effect of sodium
monoflurophosphate was better than srontium chloride.
In conclusion a commercially available dentrifice of Na
monoflurophospahte as its active ingredient - effective results
after 6 weeks.
43. A. Varnish /Precipitants
5% sodium fluoride in a thick varnish – by Clark et al (1985).
HEMA containing primers like GULMA [5% gluteraldehyde and
35% HEMA]
44. Corticosteroids
Anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids …. decrease dentinal sensitivity
Mjor and Furseth ….. application of corticosteroid preparation to dentin
caused complete obliteration of tubules .
Mosteller …. liner consisting of 1% prednisolone in combination with 25%
parachlorophenol, 25% m-cresyl acetate and 50% gum camphor prevented
postoperative thermal sensitivity
Mjor showed that steroid application to dentin increased peritubular dentin
mineralization.
Thus, the tubule lumen would be decreased, resulting in less dentin tubule
fluid movement, reducing the dentinal sensitivity.
Green et al compared steroid application to Ca(OH)2 in their ability to
induce mineralization. The results were very similar for both compounds,
with the steroid causing "completely obturated tubules" and calcification
"in an area of the dentine where no highly mineralized peritubular matrix is
normally found."
45. Burnishing of dentin
Tooth pick or "orange wood stick … creates a partial smear layer on dentin
surface .
Reduced fluid movement by 50% to 80% .
More effective in reducing dentin permeability than burnishing with glycerin
alone or glycerin in combination with sodium flouride.
Pashley et al - The effects on dentin permeability of burnishing NaF, kaolin, or
glycerin, alone and in various combinations, were determined using an in vitro
system. The results indicate that the important variable was not any of the
constituents of the paste but the burnishing process itself.
46. Silver nitrate
Powerful protein precipitant .
Greenhill and Pashley found that the silver nitrate either alone or in
combination with formalin ppted silver chloride or elemental silver
It may cause pulpal inflammation in shallow cavities.
Naylor and Anderson and Matthews measured dentin sensitivity
before and after silver nitrate application and found no significant
difference in pain response.
Thus, silver nitrate may be ineffective and is possibly deleterious in
the management of dentin sensitivity.
47. Calcium hydroxide
It may block dentinal tubules or promote peritubular dentin formation .
Brannstrom (1976) … construction of the dentinal tubules… depth of 0.1mm .
Mjor (1967)…micro radiography… increased radio density
In a study by Greene et al hydroxide was an effective desensitizing agent over the control to
mechanical, hot and cold stimulation .Calcium hydroxide out-performed potassium nitrate
at all time intervals throughout cold stimulation and therefore is especially recommended
as a desensitizing agent for those patients who are sensitive only to cold.
Jorkjend and Tronstad applied calcium hydroxide to sensitive teeth following periodontal
surgery, sealing it in with polymethacrylate and a periodontal pack. They found best results
were obtained after 7 days, with the teeth no longer sensitive to cold, air, carbohydrates,
toothbrushing, toothpicks, scaling or ultrasonic devices
In a 3-month clinical study, Green et al found calcium hydroxide applications consistently
effective in relieving cervical hypersensitivity
48. Hydroxyapatite
Shetty et al evaluated Hydroxyapatite as an In-Office Agent for
Tooth Hypersensitivity - showed definite potential as an effective
desensitizing agent providing quick relief from symptoms. None
of the patients reported any adverse responses to the agent
49. Fluoride
Mechanism of action….
increasing the amount of reparative dentin, or
by precipitating calcium fluoride in the tubules
Johnson et al (1981) stannous fluoride with the ionizing brauh provided
significantly greater relief than did the stannous fluoride alone.
Clement and Hoyt and Bibby (using 33.3% NaF) found sodium fluoride very
effective in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity in subjective, noncontrolled studies.
However, sodium fluoride may produce severe pulpal inflammation when applied
to dentin.
50. Fluoride Iontophoresis
A low voltage electric current is used to impregnate the tooth with fluoride ions.
Two to six times more fluoride can be impregnated into dentine than when
treated with topical sodium fluoride.
Manning described an iontophoretic device which would work
electrophoretically to desensitize dentin.
Using 2% NaF with iontophoresis, Carlo (in a noncontrolled study) found
"significant relief from sensitivity“ in 90% of cases.
Singal et al - 2% NaF was comparatively better than HEMA-G in providing long-
term relief
51. Intra oral fluoride releasing device.
Sodium fuoride in an acrylic polymer releasing fluoride at the rate
of 0.04mg/day,
This device is fast , painless and cost effective (marini et al 2010)
52. Orsini et al (2013) compared -
Three dentifrices [1) containing 8% arginine, 1450ppm sodium
monofluorophosphate; 2) containing 8% strontium acetate,
1040ppm sodium fluoride; 3) containing 30% micro-aggregation
of zinc-carbonate hydroxyapatite nanocrystals] were compared
after 3-day treatment .
This study documented that the three tested dentifrices
significantly reduced DH after 3-day treatment, supporting their
utility in clinical practice. This is the first report documenting the
rapid relief from DH of a zinc-carbonate hydroxyapatite
dentifrice.
53. Oxalates
used popularly as desensitizing agent
inexpensive
easy to apply and
well tolerated by the patients
Potassium oxalate and ferric oxalate solutions -calcium ions in the
dentinal fluid to form insoluble calcium oxalate crystals.
Muzzin et al compared 30% dipotassium Oxalate (DO) and 3%
monohydrogen-monopotassium Oxalate (MO) on the reduction of dentin
hypersensitivity in vivo. Results suggested - decrease in dentin
hypersensitivity following the application of 3% MO alone, and 30% DO
followed by 3% MO.
54. Lasers
Studies have reported that the neodymium:YAG laser, the erbium:YAG
laser and galium-aluminium-arsenide, erbium, chromium-
doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet all reduce DH
A more expensive and complex treatment modality.
Kumar et al - The combination of Nd:YAG laser and 5% sodium
fluoride varnish seems to show an impressive efficacy, when compared
to either treatment alone, in treating dentin hypersensitivity.
Yilmaz et al (2011) evaluate the efficacy of er cr ysgg laser on reduction
in dh. Immediately after treatment the er cr ysgg laser had a
significant higher desensitizing effect and the results were stable after
3 months
55. Dentine bonding agents
Bonding agents are applied to the exposed dentine
Easy to apply
Aesthetically acceptable
Brannstrom et al. obtained "immediate and lasting blockage of
sensitivity" in 20 patients studied from 2 to 12 months. This is in
agreement with Dayton et al. who tested various unfilled resins in 44
teeth.
Narhi et al. recorded nerve activity directly in cat teeth when dentin
was mechanically stimulated. He found no neural activity after resin
impregnation.
56. Composite/ glass ionomer restorations
Long lasting, yet more invasive procedure
Is indicated when there is significant loss of tooth structure
57. GC tooth mousse
Kowalczyk A et al
GC Tooth Mousse for dentine hypersensitivity was evaluated -
cold air stream
Min. 6 weeks of topical application would reduce hypersensitivity.
CPP-ACP: Casein Phosphopeptide –
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate).
58. Nano structures bioactive glass.
-Mitchell et al(2011)
Nano structured sol gel bioactive glass with carrier fluid showed a
significant change in reduction of conductance…
Produced an immediate reduction in
fluid conductance, and maintaining it for at least 7 days
59. Conclusion.
Much has been learnt about hypersensitivity since it has been
described as an enigma 20 years ago.
The ultimate goal in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity is
the immediate and permanent relief of pain
Professionals should identify the causative factors so that
prevention can also be included in the treatment plan
60. References.
Calcium Hydroxide and Potassium Nitrate as Desensitizing Agents for
Hypersensitive Root Surfaces, GREEN et al , jop J. Periodontol. October, 1977.
Clinical Evaluation of a New Treatment for Dentinal Hypersensitivity, Tarbet et al ,
J. Periodontol. September. 1980
The Effectiveness of an Electro-Ionizing Toothbrush in the Control of Dentinal
Hypersensitivity, Johnson et al, J. Periodontol: June, 1982.
Dentinal Sensation and Hypersensitivity A Review of Mechanisms and Treatment
Alternatives, Berman, Volume 56, Number 4, i. Periodontol. April, 1984.
The Effects of Burnishing NaF/Kaolin/Glycerin Paste on Dentin Permeability,
Pashley et al, J Periodontol. January, 1987. Volume 58 Number 1
Efficacy of Strontium Chloride in Dental Hypersensitivity, Minkof et sl , J.
Periodontol. July, 1987 Volume 58 Number 7.
Effects of Potassium Oxalate on Dentin Hypersensitivity in Vivo, Muzzin et al, J.
Periodontol. March 1989, Volume 60 Number 3.
Intraora fluoride releasing device: a new clinical therapy for dentin sensitivity,
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61. 2% Sodium Fluoride-Iontophoresis Compared to a Commercially Available
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