This document provides an introduction to 4G networks, including their history and evolution. 4G was introduced to provide high-bandwidth internet access to users on the move. It has progressed from initial commercial deployments in Scandinavia in 2009 using LTE technology to widespread adoption around the world today. Key features of 4G include high speeds of up to 1 Gbps, quality of service, support for mobile broadband internet usage, and packet-switched connectivity. The document compares 4G to 3G and outlines advantages like broadband access anywhere as well as disadvantages such as initial high battery usage and implementation challenges. Potential applications of 4G include public safety services, traffic management, mobile commerce, entertainment, and more.
3G is the next generation of technology which has revolutionized the telecommunication industry. Apart from increasing the speed of communication, the objective of this technology is to provide various value-added services like video calling, live streaming, mobile internet access, IPTV, etc on the mobile phones. These services are possible because the 3G spectrum provides the necessary bandwidth.
3G is the next generation of technology which has revolutionized the telecommunication industry. Apart from increasing the speed of communication, the objective of this technology is to provide various value-added services like video calling, live streaming, mobile internet access, IPTV, etc on the mobile phones. These services are possible because the 3G spectrum provides the necessary bandwidth.
LTE Basic Parameters, Data Rates, Duplexing & Accessing, Modulation, Coding & MIMO, Explanation of different nodes and Advantage & Disadvantages of different nodes.
it gives info about the 4g technology as well as the previous technologies with disadvantages and what are the reasons new technologies are developed. best viewed with animation in office 10 or above
4G technology (Fourth Generation Mobile System)Muhammad Ahmed
4G is here to replace the 3G systems. 4G is abbreviation of “Fourth Generation Mobile System” and successor of 3G, 2G, and 1G mobile technologies. The main purpose 4G deploying is to provide secure broadband access for devices like smart phones, laptops, netbooks and other devices requiring IP based internet access. To end user, their newly purchased mobile devices will have faster and more reliable internet access.
Introduction and Evolution of 4G
System key components of 4G
Applications of 4G
Introduction and Evolution of 5G
Key Concepts & Features of 5G
Application of 5G
5G is the fifth generation wireless technology for digital cellular networks that began wide deployment in 2019. As with previous standards, the covered areas are divided into regions called "cells", serviced by individual antennas.
PPT about 4G technology which I made for my college purpose.
PPT displays Evolution, Architecture, Working Procedure, Advantages and Disadvantages of 4T Technology.
Background images: Google Image Search
LTE Basic Parameters, Data Rates, Duplexing & Accessing, Modulation, Coding & MIMO, Explanation of different nodes and Advantage & Disadvantages of different nodes.
it gives info about the 4g technology as well as the previous technologies with disadvantages and what are the reasons new technologies are developed. best viewed with animation in office 10 or above
4G technology (Fourth Generation Mobile System)Muhammad Ahmed
4G is here to replace the 3G systems. 4G is abbreviation of “Fourth Generation Mobile System” and successor of 3G, 2G, and 1G mobile technologies. The main purpose 4G deploying is to provide secure broadband access for devices like smart phones, laptops, netbooks and other devices requiring IP based internet access. To end user, their newly purchased mobile devices will have faster and more reliable internet access.
Introduction and Evolution of 4G
System key components of 4G
Applications of 4G
Introduction and Evolution of 5G
Key Concepts & Features of 5G
Application of 5G
5G is the fifth generation wireless technology for digital cellular networks that began wide deployment in 2019. As with previous standards, the covered areas are divided into regions called "cells", serviced by individual antennas.
PPT about 4G technology which I made for my college purpose.
PPT displays Evolution, Architecture, Working Procedure, Advantages and Disadvantages of 4T Technology.
Background images: Google Image Search
Introduction to 4G, with a historical background from 1G to 4G. Why wee need new generation? What is 4G? What is LTE? What are the architectural advantage of 4G? This presentation tries to answer these questions.
Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) is one of the most exciting technology that revolutionize the working practices by increasing efficiencies and improving profitability.
Presentation on 1G/2G/3G/4G/5G/Cellular & Wireless TechnologiesKaushal Kaith
This Presentation is explaining all about the Generations of Mobile or Cellular Technology (1G/2G/2.5/ 3G/4g/5G). This explain the invented details ,features,drawbacks,look of wireless models and comparison and evolution of technology from 1G to 5G and also explaining about wireless application and their services.
In this Presentation explained about the Unit 5 - 4G Networks and Beyond concepts for third year ECE students, which makes very clear to understand all the Generation networks and its features and applications. Hope it will be useful to all student community.
In networking terminology, wireless is the term used to describe any computer network where there is no physical wired connection between sender and receiver, but rather the network is connected by radio waves and/or microwaves to maintain communications. Wireless system includes different generations of wireless technology - 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G and 5G.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• History of mobile generation
• Evolution of 4G
• Objectives
• Features
• 4G architecture
• 4G network in India
• 3G vs 4G
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Applications
2
3. INTRODUCTION TO 4G
• 4G was introduced to provide
a Wide Area Network for
internet access
• It provided high bandwidth
and broadband
• According to the WWRF,4G is
a combination of wired and
wireless networks in computer
• 4G networks are projected to
provide speeds of 100 Mbps
while moving and 1 Gbps
while stationary
3
4. HISTORY OF MOBILE
GENERATION
• Analog transmission (1G) in 1981
• Digital transmission (2G) in 1992
• Multimedia transmission (3G) in 2001
• Mobile ultra-broadband transmission (4G) in 2012
4
5. EVOLUTION
• The first commercial
deployment was by Telia
Sonera and
NetCom
• Telia Sonera branded the
network “4G”
• The modem devices on offer
were manufactured by
Samsung (dongle GT- B3710)
• The network infrastructure
were created by Huawei (in
Oslo) and Ericsson (in
Stockholm)
5
9. 4G NETWORK IN INDIA
• In India on 10 April 2012, India's
telecom company Bharti
Airtel has launched India's first 4g
services in Kolkata using TD-
LTE technology
• Aircel :8 cirles covered by aircel
• Airtel:Madhya Pradesh &
Chattisgarh, Kolkata, Karnataka
Chandigarh, Bengaluru, Pune
• Augere :Madhya Pradesh &
Chattisgarh,Bangladesh,Pakistan
• Qualcomm
:Delhi, Mumbai, Haryana and
Kerala
• Tikona : Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh
(east and west), Rajasthan & HP
9
10. 3G vs 4G
3G 4G
Frequency Band: 1.8 – 2.5GHz 2 – 8GHz
Forward error
correction (FEC)
Turbo codes Concatenated codes
Data Throughput Up to 3.1Mbps
Practically speaking, 3 to
5 Mbps but potential
estimated at a range of
100 to 300 Mbps
Data transfer
rate
2 Mbps and
more
20 Mbps and more
10
11. 3G vs 4G
3G 4G
Peak download rate 1Gbps 100Gbps
Peak upload rate 50Mbps 500Mbps
Switching Circuit/Packet Packet
Access WCDMA/CDMA
2000
MC-CDMA or
OFDM
Component Design Optimized antenna,
Multi- band
adapters
Smart antennas,
Wideband radios
Services And
Applications
CDMA 2000,
UMTS etc
Wimax, LTE and
Wi-Fi
11
15. APPLICATIONS
• 4G and public safety
• Sensors in public vehicle
• Cameras in traffic light
• First responder route selection
• Traffic control during disasters
• M-commerce
• Entertainment services
• Communication services
• Organizational services
15
