The 4G technology is nothing less than ground breaking. The advancements that have been made from 3G to 4G alone are mind blowing. With the data processing speed being increased to at least 100 Mbit/sec the possibilities are limitless in the wireless communication world. The 4G technology has a great present and future scope and worth. It makes the average person really think about what is possible with wireless communication? If there ever is a 5G network, how powerful will it be and what will it possibly be able to do that the 4G doesn’t already do?

6. TheMobileRaceToEvolution

7. Abstract of the Presentation
 What is 4G ?
 Need of 4G
 Working of the 4G communication system
 Features of 4G (Advantages)
 Limitations
 Applications

8. Introduction-
In telecommunications, 4G is the fourth generation of
mobile phone communication standards. It is a successor of
the third generation (3G) standards.
A 4G system provides mobile ultra-broadband Internet
access, for example to laptops with USB wireless modems,
to smartphones, and to other mobile devices. Conceivable
applications include amended mobile web access, IP
telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV,
video conferencing and 3D television.
Recently, Android and Windows-enabled cellular devices
have fallen in the 4G category.

9. The technology is currently available in some countries but
it is still being perfected
The aim is to achieve “ultra broadband speed” – to be
counted in gigabytes per second

10. 1st Generation or 1G-
1G was an analog system and was developed in the 70s.
First 1G mobile system Advance Mobile Phone System
(AMPS) was launched by the US. It was based on FDMA
that allowed users to make voice calls in 1 country.
Drawbacks-
• Poor voice quality
• Poor battery life
• Large phone size
• No security
• Frequent call drops
• Limited capacity and poor hand-off reliability
Need of 4G

11. 2nd Generation or 2G-
2G phones use Global System for Mobile communications
(GSM) and were first used in the early 90s in Europe.
GSM provides voice and limited data services and uses digital
modulation for improved audio quality.
2G cellular system includes GSM, Digital AMPS (D-AMPS),
Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and Personal Digital
Communication (PDC).
A new air interface called Enhanced Data GSM Environment
(EDGE) has been developed specifically to meet the
bandwidth needs of 3G. EDGE is a faster version of GSM
wireless service.

12. Drawbacks-
• The GSM is a connection oriented technology where the
end systems are dedicated for the entire call session. This
causes inefficiency in usage of bandwidth and resources.
• The GSM-enabled systems do not support high data rates.
• They are unable to handle complex data such as video.

13. 3rd Generation or 3G-
The first pre-commercial trial network with 3G was
launched by NTT DoCoMo in Tokyo (Japan) in May 2001.
NTT DoCoMo launched the first commercial 3G network
on 1st October 2001, using the WCDMA technology.
The idea behind 3G was to have a single network standard
instead of the different types adopted in the US, Europe,
and Asia. Telecommunications System (UMTS) or IMT-
2000, sustained higher data rates and opened the door to
many Internet style applications.

14. 3G technology adds multimedia facilities to 2G phones by
allowing video, audio, and graphics applications. Over 3G
phones, you can watch streaming video or have video
telephony
Drawbacks-
• High bandwidth spectrum requirement
• High licensing fees
• Expensive

15. Mobile devices are getting smaller, lighter, and more
powerful; they have bigger screens and longer battery life,
more features and more capabilities.
Bandwidth will always be the limiting factor in the
development of applications and devices, be it wired or
wireless.
The short fall of 3G networks is clear, its just not fast
enough; offering 384kbps doesn’t meet the requirements
of what the end user has come to expect these days. Some
people see 3G as a stop-gap, until a fully integrated IP
network is created; some countries have even chosen to
bypass 3G and head straight to 4G.

16. 1G
2G
3G
The Evolution Of Mobile Networks

17. Evolution of 4G in convergence-

20. ITU designed 4G in 2002 with the official name “3G Long-
Term Evolutions” or 3.9G
The first commercial deployment was by Telia Sonera and
NetCom
Telia Sonera branded the network “4G”
The modem devices on offer were manufactured by
Samsung (dongle GT-B3710)
The network infrastructure were created by Huawei (in
Oslo) and Ericsson (in Stockholm)
Evolution of 4G-

21. Some possible standards for the 4G system are LTE,
802.20, WiMAX (802.16), HSDPA, TDD UMTS, UMTS and
future versions of UMTS.
The design is that 4G is based on OFDM (Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing) which is the key enabler
of 4G technology. Other technological aspects of 4G are
adaptive processing and smart antennas, both of which
are used in 3G networks and will enhance the rates when
used in with OFDM.
Infrastructure of 4G-

22. “Orthogonal FDM's spread spectrum technique” spreads the
data over a lot of carriers that are spaced apart at precise
frequencies. This spacing provides the "orthogonality" in this
method which prevents the receivers/demodulators from
seeing frequencies other than their own specific one. The
main benefit of OFDM is high spectral efficiency, high
resiliency to RF interference and the multi-path distortion is
lower. This is handy because in a standard terrestrial
broadcasting situation there are many multipath-channels.
Working of 4G communication system
(Using OFDM)-

23. Serial to
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Serial to
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A/D
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24. Features and Advantages of 4G-
In 4G, the download speed is up to 100 Mbps for moving
users and 1 Gbps for stationary users
It will allow users to download a full-length movie within
five minutes
Users will also be able to stream high-definition television
and radio to hand-held devices
4G is an adoption of packet switching instead of circuit
switching in voice and video calls. With packet switching,
resources are only used when there is information to be
sent across

25. Better Data transfer rates and signal quality
Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video,
Internet, and other broadband services
IP based mobile system
High speed, high capacity, and low cost per bit
Better scheduling and call admission control techniques
Better spectral efficiency

26. Drawbacks of 4G-
Battery Life of 4G enabled cell phones is shorter
Degradation of other broadband services

27. Except for the Scandinavian countries, many countries
have started the 4G commercially
In the US, Sprint Nextel initiated the service in 2009
Other countries having 4G- Brazil, France, Saudi Arabia,
UK, China, Japan
Newzeland will be launching this technology in December,
2013
Countries having 4G -

28. 4G in India-
4G was launched at Pune, India commercially by BHARTI
AIRTEL (Partnered with Qualcomm) on 10th April, 2012
It is available in Kolkata, Karnataka (Using LTE)
Qualcomm had bagged BWA spectrum, or 4G licenses, for
Delhi, Mumbai, Haryana and Kerala.
Reliance Industries will be launching this service by Diwali

30. A 4G mobile launched by HTC in the US
An AIRTEL 4G Dongle

32. Virtual Presence: 4G system gives mobile users a "virtual
presence" (for example, always-on connections to keep
people on event).
Virtual navigation: A remote database that contains the
graphical representation of streets, buildings and physical
characteristics of a large métropolitain is used. Blocks of
this database are transmitted in a rapid sequence to a
vehicle.
Tele-geoprocessing
Crisis-management applications
Education
Applications-

33. Putting Tomorrow in Today’s Technology-

34. Augmented Reality of 4G
Augmented Reality of 4G-
With the 4G band, the application gives an Augmented
Reality while navigating. It presents a visually clear picture of
the place via your own phone. Through this, you can even
get its GPS information.

35. On stream moving pictures-
Nowadays, more and more handier phones come
with advance features and most of them the developed
better cameras are not only meant to capture still pictures
but also to record videos. Well, it is not anymore surprising
the next time you hear about it, you will be amazed that using
4G you cannot only upload the video right after it has been
recorded but everyone could already be streaming it live.
With the previous technology, you should first record the clip
and save prior to uploading to your favourite site but we are
lucky since a service provider has come up with a program
where in you can have live mobile videos directly seen
through the web, known as live stream video, therefore
creating a live broadcast reporter out of you.

36. Conclusion-
The 4G technology is nothing less than ground
breaking. The advancements that have been made from 3G to
4G alone are mind blowing. With the data processing speed
being increased to at least 100 Mbit/sec the possibilities are
limitless in the wireless communication world. The 4G
technology has a great present and future scope and worth. It
makes the average person really think about what is possible
with wireless communication? If there ever is a 5G network,
how powerful will it be and what will it possibly be able to do
that the 4G doesn’t already do?

37. References-
www.google.com
www.wikipidea.com
www.bbcnews.com
www.images.google.com
www.blogote.com0
www.m-indya.com
www.blog.satguide.in
www.themobileindian.com

38. THANK
YOU

39. PRESENTED By-
AbdullahSaghir Ahmad

40. Your Queries Please…