This document summarizes the evolution of mobile networks from 2G to 4G. It describes the key technologies and capabilities of 2G (9.6 Kbps speed), 2.5G/GPRS (up to 115 Kbps), 3G (2 Mbps, increased bandwidth to 2GHz, supports video/GPS), LTE (200 active clients per 5MHz cell, up to 2Gbps speed), and 4G (formally approved in 2009 as IMT-Advanced, 2Gbps speed, improved coverage and capacity). Each generation brought increased speeds and bandwidth as well as new multimedia capabilities.

1. Presented by:
Manish Srivastava

2.  Widely used in 90’s-2000
 allows multiple users on a single channel.
 Supports voice as well as data.
 radio signals on 2G networks are digital,
which can be compressed and multiplexed
easily.
 2G technologies can be divided into TDMA-
based and CDMA-based standards depending
on the type of multiplexing used.
 Speed 9.6 Kbps .
 Carrier frequency is of 200 KHz.

3.  Used in 2001-2004
 In addition to circuit switched data, packet
switched data was also implemented.
 Enhanced multimedia and streaming video are
possible.
 Supports web browsing
 2.5G is General Packet Radio Service (GPRS),
which is evolution from GSM.
 GPRS could provide data rates from 56 Kbps up to
115 Kbps.
 It can be used for services such as wireless
application protocol (WAP) access, Multimedia
Messaging Service (MMS), and for Internet
communication services such as email and World
Wide Web access.
 carrier frequency is same as that of 2G.

4.  Came into picture during 2004-2005.
 High speed (2Mbps) and increased bandwidth (2GHz).
 Carrier frequency is 5 MHz.
 3G networks offer greater security than their 2G
predecessors because 3G networks permit validation
measures when communicating with other devices.
 This technology is much more flexible as it can support 5
major radio technologies that operate under CDMA, TDMA
and FDMA. CDMA accounts for IMT-DS (direct speed), IMT-MC
(multi carrier). TDMA holds for IMT-TC (time code), IMT-SC
(single carrier).
 Applications of 3G are: Mobile TV, Video on Demand, Video
Conferencing, Location-based services and Global Positioning
System(GPS)
 Drawback of 3G is that it is simply not available in certain
regions.

5. Figure: Evolution of Mobile system from 2G to 3G

6.  LTE is a standard for wireless communication of
high-speed data for mobile phones and data
terminals.
 Supports at least 200 active data clients in every
5 MHz cell.
 It is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA
network technologies, increasing the capacity
and speed using new modulation techniques.
 Ability to manage fast moving mobiles and
supports MBSFN (Multicast Broadcast Single
Frequency Network).
 It can deliver services such as Mobile TV

7.  Formally submitted as a candidate 4G system to
ITU-T in late 2009, was approved into ITU,
International Telecommunications Union, IMT-
Advanced and was finalized by 3GPP in March
2011.
 Data rate is 2Gbps.
 It targets faster switching between power states
and improved performance at the cell edge.
 Improves the capacity and coverage, and ensures
user fairness.
 Also introduces multicarrier to be able to use
ultra wide bandwidth, up to 100 MHz of
spectrum supporting very high data rates.