The document provides an overview of wireless network generations from 0G to 4G. It discusses the key technologies and improvements of each generation including 0G (analog mobile radio), 1G (first generation of cellular networks), 2G (digital networks like GSM), 2.5G (GPRS), 3G (added data capabilities), and 4G (high-speed mobile internet). The 4G section describes technologies like OFDMA and MIMO that enable higher speeds and bandwidth. Applications of 4G include mobile broadband internet access, video calling, mobile TV, and cloud services.
Evolution of Wireless Communication TechnologiesAkhil Bansal
Detailed presentation on Wireless Communication Technologies.
The communication technology has evolved to provide lower latency network, faster and efficient data services.
Evolution of Wireless Communication TechnologiesAkhil Bansal
This report comprises of detailed analysis how the wireless communication developed from 1G to 4G LTE to improve data services for the end user.The future ahead i.e. 5G is also discussed.
Feel free to discuss, would be happy to help.
Introduction to 4G, with a historical background from 1G to 4G. Why wee need new generation? What is 4G? What is LTE? What are the architectural advantage of 4G? This presentation tries to answer these questions.
Evolution of Wireless Communication TechnologiesAkhil Bansal
Detailed presentation on Wireless Communication Technologies.
The communication technology has evolved to provide lower latency network, faster and efficient data services.
Evolution of Wireless Communication TechnologiesAkhil Bansal
This report comprises of detailed analysis how the wireless communication developed from 1G to 4G LTE to improve data services for the end user.The future ahead i.e. 5G is also discussed.
Feel free to discuss, would be happy to help.
Introduction to 4G, with a historical background from 1G to 4G. Why wee need new generation? What is 4G? What is LTE? What are the architectural advantage of 4G? This presentation tries to answer these questions.
In networking terminology, wireless is the term used to describe any computer network where there is no physical wired connection between sender and receiver, but rather the network is connected by radio waves and/or microwaves to maintain communications. Wireless system includes different generations of wireless technology - 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G and 5G.
In networking terminology, wireless is the term used to describe any computer network where there is no physical wired connection between sender and receiver, but rather the network is connected by radio waves and/or microwaves to maintain communications. Wireless system includes different generations of wireless technology - 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G and 5G.
4G technology (Fourth Generation Mobile System)Muhammad Ahmed
4G is here to replace the 3G systems. 4G is abbreviation of “Fourth Generation Mobile System” and successor of 3G, 2G, and 1G mobile technologies. The main purpose 4G deploying is to provide secure broadband access for devices like smart phones, laptops, netbooks and other devices requiring IP based internet access. To end user, their newly purchased mobile devices will have faster and more reliable internet access.
Our ultimate goal is to communicate with any type of information with anyone, at anytime, from anywhere. This is possible with the aid of WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY.
4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to 3G and 2G technologies. 4G will be Convergence Platform providing clear advantages in terms of Coverage, Bandwidth, Power Consumption, variety Services ranging from Pop-Up advertisements to Location-Based services and IP Data casting ones.
The explanation with explicit picture of phone type used during each network generation. We covered 0G, 1G, 1.e or Edge, gprs, 4g, 4g+ and the upcoming 5g. YOu can get get the seminar report after following and liking my page. thank y'all.....
PPT about 4G technology which I made for my college purpose.
PPT displays Evolution, Architecture, Working Procedure, Advantages and Disadvantages of 4T Technology.
Background images: Google Image Search
The 4G technology is nothing less than ground breaking. The advancements that have been made from 3G to 4G alone are mind blowing. With the data processing speed being increased to at least 100 Mbit/sec the possibilities are limitless in the wireless communication world. The 4G technology has a great present and future scope and worth. It makes the average person really think about what is possible with wireless communication? If there ever is a 5G network, how powerful will it be and what will it possibly be able to do that the 4G doesn’t already do?
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
5. Wireless network refers to any
type of computer network that is
wire-less
Mobile wireless technology
came early in 1970s.
Uses electromagnetic waves,
such as radio waves
7. WHAT IS G????
The use of G, standing for generation in mobile
technology covers the major advances of the
past 20-30 years. Since the first generation of
so-called “analog” mobile radio networks
was created in 1980, the mobile telephone has
seen many upheavals.
wikipedia
8. MTS(Mobile Telecommunication service)
• Analog system telecommunication
• Setup By Operator
• It is very heavy in weight and big size
• There were initially only 3 channels for all the
users in the metropolitan area
• Generally Mobile Radio Telephone system provides half
duplex communications i.e. only one person will speak
and other should hear
9. In 1960, a system launched by Bell Systems, called IMTS, brought
quite a few improvements such as direct dialing and more
bandwidth.
IMTS(Improved Mobile Telecommunication service)
• Simultaneously Call
• Reduced Size and weight
• Eliminate Setup by Operator
• The total to 32 channels across 3 bands
Frequency 450 -470 MHz
• Feature Includes
• Voice Call Analog
• These mobile telephones were placed in vehicles (truck, cars
etc). The mobile telephone instrument had two main parts
those were transceiver (transmitter – receiver) and head
(instrument which had display and dial keys)
10.
11. The first commercially automated cellular network (the
1G generation) was launched in Japan by NTP (Nippon
Telegraph and Telephone) in 1979.
NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone) system in 1981,by
Denmark, Finaland etc.
AMPS(Advanced Mobile Phone Service)
• Frequency 800 MHz
• Analog Systems
12. • Feature Includes
• Voice Call Analog
• Text message also possible with some sophisticate
devices
• It has low capacity, unreliable handoff
• poor voice links
• no security at all
• It allows the voice calls in 1 country.
13.
14. • 2G technology refers to the 2nd
generation which is based on GSM.
• GSM ( Global System Mobile
Communication)
• It was launched in Finland in the year
1991.
• 2G network use digital signals.
• Sim Card
(Subscriber Identity Module)
15. • It enables services such as text messages, picture messages.
• It provides better quality and capacity .
• 2G requires strong digital signals
to help mobile phones work. If there
is no network coverage in any specific
area , digital signals would weak.
• These systems are unable to
handle complex data such as Videos
18. 2.5G TECHNOLOGY
2.5G is a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generation
of mobile telephony.
2.5G is sometimes described as 2G Cellular Technology
combined with GPRS.
GPRS( General Packet Radio Service)
Features Includes:
Phone Calls
Send/Receive E-mail Messages
Web Browsing
Speed : 64-144 kbps
Camera Phones
Take a time of 2-5 mins. to download a 3 mins. Mp3 song
19. Mobile Technology and communication
• 3G Technology is designed for multimedia communication
• 1st lunched in Japan by NTT, 2001
• 3G has the following enhancements over 2.5G
• Enhanced audio and video streaming;
• Several Times higher data speed;
• Video-conferencing support;
• Web and WAP browsing at higher speeds
• IPTV (TV through the Internet) support.
• There are many 3G technologies
20. FEATURES INCLUDES
• Mobile Application ( Banking , Social Media, Music, E-book)
• Mobile Store application ( ITunes store , Play Store , Apps world)
• Video Streaming (YouTube)
• GPS ( Google Maps , etc)
• Send/Receive Large Email Messages
• Multimedia Service
• Data transfer rate:
144 Kbps – 2 Mbps
• 11 sec – 1.5 min. time to download a 3 min Mp3 song
21. DRAWBACKS OF 3G TECHNOLOGY
Expensive fees for 3G Licenses Services
It was challenge to build the infrastructure
for 3G
High Bandwidth Requirement
Expensive 3G Phones.
Large Cell Phones
23. Evolution of Mobile technology :
o 1G-First Generation
• Speech
o 2G-Second Generation
• SMS , MMS
• CDMA , GPRS , EDGE
• Voice ,Mail
o 3G-Third Generation
• Wireless Internet
• Video Calling
• Mobile TV
24.
25. Going To tell You About…
o What is 4G ?
o What Evolution is 4G of ?
4G
o Evolution Features
of 4G
o Features
4G hardware and
o 4G software
hardware and
o Technologies
software
o Technologies
Applications
o Applications
Componants of 4g
o Advantages and Disadvantages
o Conclusion
26. What is 4G ?
oIn telecommunication systems, 4G is
the fourth generation of mobile phone mobile
communication technology standards. It Is a
successor to the third generation (3G)
standards. A 4G system provides mobile ultra-broadband
Internet access, for example to
laptops with USB wireless modems,
to smartphones, and to other mobile devices.
Conceivable applications include a
mended mobile web access, IP telephony,
gaming services, high-definition mobile TV,
video conferencing, 3D television, and cloud
computing.
27. What’s new in 4G ?
o IP (Internet Protocol)
based mobile systems.
o Entirely packet-switched
networks.
o Digital in nature
o Wider Bandwidths 100
Mhz
10 times faster than
current 3G
o Global mobility and
service portability.
o User Friendly.
28. 4G Hardware :
oUltra Wide Band Networks
oSmart Antennas
4G Software :
oSoftware Defined Radio
oPacket Layers
oPackets
30. WHICH COUNTRIES HAVE 4-G
Except for the Scandinavian countries, a few countries have
started the 4G commercially
In the UK, 4G SERVICE LAUNCHED BY EE IN OCTOBER 2012 AND BY
BY VODAFONE IN AUGUST 2013
IN CHINA THERE WERE 13.97 MILIONS 4G SUBSCRIBERS IN JUNE
2014 AND ALMOST ON 13.93 MILIONS CHINA MOBILES
Countries expected to launch 4G by this year are Germany,
Spain, India and England Completely
6.6 billion GSM, HSPA and LTE subscriptions and still
growing!
31. • Bharti Airtel launched India's first 4G service, using TD-LTE
technology, in Kolkata on April 10, 2012. Fourteen
months prior to the official launch in Kolkata, , a group
consisting of CHINA mobiles ,bharati airtel .and soft bank
mobile came together ,called Global TD-LTE Initiative
• Airtel 4G services are available in
Kolkata, Bangalore, Pune and Chandigarh region (The
Tricity or Chandigarh region consists of a major city
Chandigarh, Mohali and Panchkula.
• Bharti Airtel is launching 4G services in Delhi by Jan 2014[
• India uses the TD LTE frequency #40 (2.3 GHz), Apple iPhone
5s supports the TD LTE 40 band.
36. How 4G Works ?
• The IP address is based on IPv6.
• IPv4: X . X . X . X (32 bits)
example: 10.0.17.189
• IPv6: 4 × IPv4 (128 bits)
• example:
216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 , 192.168.5.120
Home
Address
Care of
Address
Mobile IP
address
Local network
address
37. 4G NETWORK
BREADTH
25 Markets Expanding to 28 in 2012
Atlanta
Austin
Baltimore
Boston
Los Angeles
Miami
Northern Virginia
New York
Charlotte
Chicago
Colorado
Dallas
Fort Worth
Ft Lauderdale
Greensborough
Huston
Phoenix
Providence
Raleigh/Durham
San Antonio
Newport
Oakland
Orange County
Philadelphia
San Francisco
San Diego
San Jose
Seattle
(expansion cities listed below in yellow)
39. COMPONENTS OF 4G:
• There are some components which makes the successful 4G systems
they are:
a) OFDMA
b) MIMO
c) IPv6.0
d) SDR(Software Defined Radio)
e) Smart antennas
40. COMPONENTS (CONTD..)
OFDMA: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access.
• It captures entire energy
• Only few signals are affected or lost in OFDM while compared to
CDMA in 3G.
MIMO(Multi Input Multi Output):
• improve the communication performance between sender and
receiver
• range, quality of received signal and spectrum efficiency are
high.
41. COMPONENT (CONTD..)
IPv6.0:
• Allows more address than IPv4.0
• IPv6 each device have own IP address.
SDR(Software Defined Radio):
• A SDR will allow increasing network capacity at specific
time.
42. COMPONENTS(CONTD..)
Smart antenna
• Switched Antenna: Based on the requirement of the
system ,signal is received at any given time.
• Adaptive Antenna: Steer the signal at any direction of
interest ,nullify the interfering signal.
43. High usability:
anytime,
anywhere, and
with any
technology.
• Support for
multimedia
services at
low
transmission
cost.
• Higher
bandwidth,
tight network
security.
44. Need
complicate
d
hardware
Hard to
implemen
t
Battery
uses are
more.
Expensive.
45. APPLICATIONS OF 4G
• 4G Car
• 4G and public safety
• Sensors in public vehicle
• Cameras in traffic light
• First responder route selection
• Traffic control during disasters
