4G technology provides significantly higher speeds for data transfer compared to 3G. It allows for speeds up to 100 Mbps for mobile users and 1 Gbps for stationary users. This allows users to stream high definition content and download full movies within minutes. 4G networks utilize packet switching which makes more efficient use of bandwidth compared to 3G circuit switching. While 4G provides substantial benefits, challenges remain in fully implementing and integrating its high-speed services.
TeliaSonera was the first operator in the world to commercially launch 4G. It was in late 2009, in the city centres of Stockholm and Oslo. 4G is the short term for fourth-generation wireless. It is still a research lab standard , the stage of broadband mobile communications that will supersede the third generation (3G). It is expected that end-to-end IP and high-quality streaming video will be among 4G's distinguishing features.
A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice , data and streamed multimedia can be given to the users on “ Anytime Anywhere ” basis and higher data rates than the previous generations.
It will be a fully IP based integrated system capable of providing between 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps in both indoor and outdoor with premium quality and high security.
It is going to be launched in the year 2010.
TeliaSonera was the first operator in the world to commercially launch 4G. It was in late 2009, in the city centres of Stockholm and Oslo. 4G is the short term for fourth-generation wireless. It is still a research lab standard , the stage of broadband mobile communications that will supersede the third generation (3G). It is expected that end-to-end IP and high-quality streaming video will be among 4G's distinguishing features.
A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice , data and streamed multimedia can be given to the users on “ Anytime Anywhere ” basis and higher data rates than the previous generations.
It will be a fully IP based integrated system capable of providing between 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps in both indoor and outdoor with premium quality and high security.
It is going to be launched in the year 2010.
4G Technology Evolution, Indian ecosystem and Usage TrendsPriyom Sarkar
A look at how telecom technology evolution has led to 4G networks, an analysis of potential of 4G for various stakeholders such as Telcos and Media Broadcasters especially in India and key challenges for deployment
Our ultimate goal is to communicate with any type of information with anyone, at anytime, from anywhere. This is possible with the aid of WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY.
4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to 3G and 2G technologies. 4G will be Convergence Platform providing clear advantages in terms of Coverage, Bandwidth, Power Consumption, variety Services ranging from Pop-Up advertisements to Location-Based services and IP Data casting ones.
In this PPT I gived the knowledge about 5G technology and also gived generations.I hoped this is the best for you and it will help you for your study and career also.
This ppt presentation is about 4G technology & when it will comes in indai ,which coutries are using 4g network .This is tha progress in the field of communication & technology.
4G Technology Evolution, Indian ecosystem and Usage TrendsPriyom Sarkar
A look at how telecom technology evolution has led to 4G networks, an analysis of potential of 4G for various stakeholders such as Telcos and Media Broadcasters especially in India and key challenges for deployment
Our ultimate goal is to communicate with any type of information with anyone, at anytime, from anywhere. This is possible with the aid of WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY.
4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to 3G and 2G technologies. 4G will be Convergence Platform providing clear advantages in terms of Coverage, Bandwidth, Power Consumption, variety Services ranging from Pop-Up advertisements to Location-Based services and IP Data casting ones.
In this PPT I gived the knowledge about 5G technology and also gived generations.I hoped this is the best for you and it will help you for your study and career also.
This ppt presentation is about 4G technology & when it will comes in indai ,which coutries are using 4g network .This is tha progress in the field of communication & technology.
Now-a-days the goal of many customers is to have PC at one’s palm.
To support powerful systems we need long range, high speed wireless network called 4G.
It includes several types of broadband wireless communication system access including cellular telephone system.
4G networks are projected to provide speeds of 100 Mbps while moving and 1 Gbps while stationary
This is the slides for the 4G technology which will improve the basic knowledge of beginner and also useful for the engineering student on the basis for seminar. It's main benefit is the format which is standard one.
5G is the short for fifth generation, a mobile broadband technology that is in the early stages of works and likely to be in place six to seven years from now.
A 5G network will be able to handle 10,000 times more call and data traffic than the current 3G or 4G network.
Data download speeds on 5G networks are likely to be several hundred times more than 4G.
5G mobile technology will change the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth.
The 4G technology is nothing less than ground breaking. The advancements that have been made from 3G to 4G alone are mind blowing. With the data processing speed being increased to at least 100 Mbit/sec the possibilities are limitless in the wireless communication world. The 4G technology has a great present and future scope and worth. It makes the average person really think about what is possible with wireless communication? If there ever is a 5G network, how powerful will it be and what will it possibly be able to do that the 4G doesn’t already do?
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
2. IndexIndex
o Where are we?
o 1-G
o 2-G
o 3-G
o Where do we want to go?
o What is 4-G
o 3-G Vs. 4-G
o Advantages of 4-G
o Application of 4-G
o Which countries have 4-G
o 4-G in India
o Disadvantages
o Future Prospects
o Challenges
o Conclusion
o Bibliography
3. Where are we?Where are we?
1G-First Generation
◦ Speech
2G-Second Generation
◦ SMS , MMS
◦ CDMA , GPRS , EDGE
◦ Voice Mail
3G-Third Generation
◦ Wireless Internet
◦ Video Calling
◦ Mobile TV
4. 1-G1-G
o Refers to the first-generation of wireless telephone technology,
mobile telecommunications.
o These are the analog telecommunications standards that were
introduced in the 1980s.
o The radio signals that 1G networks use are analog.
DRAWBACKS:
o1G Poor voice quality
oPoor battery life
oLarge phone size
oNo security
oFrequent call drops
oLimited capacity
oPoor handoff reliability.
5. 2-G2-G
o Is based on GSM or in other words global
system for mobile communication.
o Was launched in Finland in the year 1991
o 2g networks use digital signals.
o enabled services such as text messages,
picture messages and MMS
DRAWBACKS:
oRequires strong digital signals to help mobile phones work. If there is no
network coverage in any specific area, digital signals would be weak.
o2G The GSM is a circuit switched, connection oriented technology,
where the end systems are dedicated for the entire call session. This
causes inefficiency in usage of bandwidth and resources.
oThe GSM-enabled systems do not support high data rates.
oThey are unable to handle complex data such as video.
6. 3-G3-G
o The 3G technology adds multimedia facilities to 2G phones by allowing
video, audio, and graphics applications. Over 3G phones, you can watch
streaming video or have video telephony.
o The idea behind 3G is to have a single network standard instead
o 3G promises increased bandwidth, up to 384 kbps when the device holder is
walking, 128 kbps in a car, and 2 Mbps in fixed applications.
DRAWBACKS:
oHigh bandwidth requirement
oHigh spectrum licensing fees
oHuge capital
7. Where do we Want to go?Where do we Want to go?
4G4G
3G3G
2G2G
1G1G
High transfer rate
Internet access any where
Ability to move around with the same
IP address
Utilization of Smart antennas
High resolution Mobile TV
8. What is fourth generation (4G)?
o Characterised by high-speed data rates.
o In 4G the download speed is up to 100
Mbps for moving users and 1 Gbps for
stationary users
o Will allow users to download a full-length
feature film within five minutes
o Will also be able to stream high-definition
television and radio to hand-held devices
o 4G is adoption of packet switching instead
of circuit switching in voice and video calls
o With packet switching, resources are only
used when there is information to be sent
across
9. Technology 3G 4G
Data Transfer Rate 3.1MB /sec 100MB/sec
Internet services Broadband Ultra Broadband
Mobile -TV Resolution Low High
Bandwidth 5 - 20 MHz 100 +MHz
Frequency 1.6- 2 GHZ 2 – 8 GHz
Network Architecture Wide Area Network Hybrid Network
3G Vs 4G
The basic difference between 3G and 4G is in data transfer and signal quality.
The highest download and upload speed in 3G are 14 Mbps and 5.8 Mbps
respectively
10. Advantages of 4-GAdvantages of 4-G
o Affordable communication services.
o High speed,high capacity and low cost per bit.
o Support for interactive multimedia, voice , streaming video,
Internet and other broadband services.
o Global access, Service portability and scalable mobile services
and variety of quality of services provided.
o Better spectral efficiency.
o seamless network of multiple protocol and air interfaces.
11. oBetter Usage of Multimedia Applications
oVirtual Presence: 4G system gives mobile users a "virtual presence" (for
example, always-on connections to keep people on event).Video
Conferencing
oVirtual navigation: a remote database contains the graphical representation
of streets, buildings, and physical characteristics of a large metropolis. Blocks
of this database are transmitted in rapid sequence to a vehicle
o Tele- geoprocessing: Queries dependent on location information of several
users, in addition to temporal aspects have many applications.e.g:GIS,GPS
o4G in normal life .
Traffic control.
Mobile phones.
Sensor on public vehicle.
Applications of 4GApplications of 4G
12. 4-G in INDIA4-G in INDIA
o Has already begun the process of introducing 4G
o India is among the latecomers in 3G
o It is felt that by the time the implement 3G fully, 4G technologies such as LTE
will be available commercially.
o It has taken three years for the government to decide on 3G-spectrum
auction policy.
o 4G could face the same delay unless India wants to catch up with the rest of
the world
13. DisadvantagesDisadvantages
o Battery usage is more
o Hard to implement
o Need complicated hardware
o The equipment required to implement a next generation network is still
very expensive.
o Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make sure that
expenses are kept realistic.
14. Future ProspectsFuture Prospects
o 4G is coming quicker.
o Fast internet access to both stationery and mobile users.
o 4G can be efficiently combined with cellular technologies to make
consistent use of smart phones and also create video blogs.
o This gives the manufactures the opportunity to produce more
affordable user friendly 4G compatible devices.
o 4G is capable of providing new horizon of opportunity for both
existing and startup telephone companies.
15. ChallengesChallenges
o Integrating all the promised services is a challenge.
Challenges in migration to 4G.
High data-rate services and low per bit transmission cost.
Meet the demand of the diverse users.
o Competition with the next forth coming 5G.
5G technology is providing large broadcasting of data in Gigabit which
supports almost 65,000 connections.
5G technology would provide better use of available bandwidth.
16. ConclusionConclusion
4G can be best described in one word “MAGIC”, which stands
for:
Mobile multimedia
Anytime Anywhere
Global mobility support,
Integrated wireless and personalized services.
Though 4G is facing challenges and problems we believe that future
research will overcome these challenges and integrate newly
developed services to 4G networks making them available to
everyone, anytime and everywhere.