This document provides an overview of 4G technology, beginning with a brief history of previous mobile communication generations including 1G, 2G, and 3G. It describes some of the key limitations of 3G technology and how 4G aims to address these by providing higher data rates, seamless IP-based connectivity, and support for various broadband multimedia applications. The key technologies that enable 4G are also outlined, along with the expected benefits and applications of 4G networks. Finally, some of the main challenges in deploying 4G systems are discussed.

1. “4G” TECHNOLOGY
Presented ByChetan Goyal
ECE11004
School of Engineering & Technology
RAFFLES University

2. CONTENTS
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History
3G and Its Limitations
4G Concepts
Key Technologies
Benefits
Applications
Challenges
Conclusion

3. Mobile System Generations
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First Generation (1G) mobile systems were
designed to offer a single service, i.e., speech
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Second Generation (2G) mobile systems were also
designed primarily to offer speech with a limited
capability to offer data at low rates.
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Third Generation (3G) mobile systems offer highquality multi-media services and operate in different
environments.

4. Where are We?
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Classic Wire line Switched Telephone Network
US Universal coverage achieved early 1980’s
“Wireless” First Generation Analog Systems
Speech, AMPS
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Second Generation Digital Systems
Enhanced Capacity
CDMA, AMPS, TDMA, GSM
GPRS, EDGE
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Third Generation Systems
“INTERNET” on Wireless
Wi-Fi/ CDMA2000/WCDMA
Evolution to All IP Network including VoIP

5. Achieved Till Now

6. Key Technologies of 3G
Bluetooth
 Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.x standards) – Wi-Fi
 Short range wireless communications
 Highly utilized and very popular: offices, airports,
coffee shops, universities and schools
 Two basic modes of operations:
-Ad-hoc networking: computers send data to one
another
-Access point: sending data to the base station
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7. Key Mobility Services in 3G
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Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS)
Text, sounds, images, and video
Transition from Short Message Service (SMS)
Open Internet standards for messaging
Web Applications
Information portals
Wireless Markup Language (WML) with signals
using Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
Location Communications Services
Location Awareness Based

8. Limitations of 3G
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Difficulty of CDMA to provide higher data rates
Need for continuously increasing data rate and
bandwidth to meet the multimedia requirements
Limitation of spectrum and it’s allocation
Inability to roam between different services
To provide a seamless transport end-to-end
Mechanism
To introduce a better system with reduces cost
Limitation to meet expectations of applications like
multimedia, full motion video, wireless
teleconferencing.

9. Key 3G and 4G Parameters
Attributes
Major Characteristic
3G
Predominantly voicedata as add-on
4G
Converged data and VoIP
Network Architecture
Wide area Cell based
Frequency Band
1.6 - 2.5 GHz
Hybrid – integration of
Wireless Lan (Wi-Fi),
Blue Tooth, Wide Area
2 – 8 GHz
Bandwidth
5 – 20 MHz
100+ MHz
Data Rate
385 Kbps - 2 Mbps
20 – 100 Mbps
Access
WCDMA/CDMA2000
MC-CDMA or OFDM
Switching
Circuit/Packet
Packet
IP
Multiple versions
All IP (IPv6.0)
Operational
~2003
~2010

10. 4G – what it is ?
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4G = 4th Generation mobile communication
A 4G system provides an end-to-end IP solution
where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be
served to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis at
higher data rates than previous generations
Data rates (with wide area coverage and significant
mobility) = 50 to 100 Mbps.
Wider bandwidth
End-to-end Quality of service
High security
Offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere

11. Key 4G Mobility Concepts
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Mobile IP
VoIP
Ability to move around with the same IP address
IP tunnels
Intelligent Internet
Presence Awareness Technology
Knowing who is on line and where
Radio Router
Bringing IP to the base station
Smart Antennas
Unique spatial metric for each transmission

12. IP Tunnelling in 4G

13. 4G Features
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Support interactive multimedia, voice, video,
wireless internet and other broadband services.
High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.
Global mobility, service portability, scalable mobile
networks.
Seamless switching, variety of services based on
Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.
Better scheduling and call admission control
techniques.
Ad hoc networks and multi-hop networks.

14. 4G Characteristics
4G can support high-speed (up to 100Mbps), but high-speed is not 4G.

15. Drivers for adopting 4G
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Opportunity for bundling with other services
Reducing operational costs (OPEX)
Introducing new applications and services
Competition pressures
Consolidating number of networks
Multi-play devices available in the markets
Multiple terminals
Smart simplicity
Outstanding performance

16. Broad trends - enabled by 4G
networks
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Growing mass: 4G will allow the
mass-market take-up of such
activities as video sharing, multimedia
exchanges, and real-time and remote
collaboration with very high quality of
experience (QOE).
Going virtual: Change in human
behavior. today, many are using
networked alternatives and
extensions, such as Wikipedia and
Flickr -like sites
Going social: Social networks have
grown very rapidly on the basis of
wire line networks growth, and also
introduce an element of going from
one-to-one communications to one-tomany and many-to-many.
Going personal: Making services
more personalized. 4G mobile
network, tied to the applications that
can be deployed through the
combination of high speeds and low
latencies to provide very personalized
experiences

17. Benefits of 4G
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Convergence of Cellular Mobile Networks and WLANs
Benefits for Operators
Higher bandwidths, Lower cost of networks and equipment
higher revenue.
Users
Access to broadband multimedia services with lower cost
and here
Convergence of Mobile Communication and
Broadcasting
Benefits for Operators
Cellular operators will benefit from offering their customers
a range of new broadband multi-media services in vehicular
environments.
Users
Users will benefit from faster access to a range of broadband
multi-media services.

18. Applications of 4G
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Virtual Presence
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Virtual navigation
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Tele-geo processing applications
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Tele-Medicine and Education
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Crisis management
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Multimedia– Video Services

19. Key Challenges to 4G
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No large user community for advanced mobile data
applications.
Not possible to offer full internet experience due to
limited speed and bandwidth
Comparatively higher cost to use and deploy
infrastructure
Since 3G mobile is still in the market, it squeezes the
market competition in the mobile industry.
Coverage limitations due to high frequencies (> 5
GHz)
 Improved User interfaces
 Advanced Speech recognition and synthesis

20. Conclusion
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Mobile Intelligent Internet and multi media
applications
Seamless Roaming, substantially high and selectable
user bandwidth, customized QoS, Intelligent and
responsive user interface
Mobile IP, Radio Routers, smart Antennas
Continued advances and challenges from 1G -> 4G
 Modulation techniques, transreceiver advances,
 fast manipulations, user interfaces, IP tunelling
and firewalls
 Spectrum usage, regulatory decisions, “one”
standard, authentication and security, multi
disciplinary co-operation
IP + WPAN + WLAN + WMAN + WWAN = 4G

21. References
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www.3gpp.org
www.mobileinfo.com
www.4g.co.uk
www.uscwc.com/4GReport
www.four-g.net

22. Any Questions
?

23. THANK YOU