4th generation

1. 4 G-WIRELESS
SYSTEM
Prabal Pratap Pal
Electronic & Comm..
B.Tech 4rd Year
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2. Road map
 Introduction
 Features
 Implementation using 4G
 Wireless tech used in 4G
 Application
 Issues
 Conclusion
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3. Introduction
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4. Features
 Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video,
Internet, and other broadband services.
 Based on an all-IP packet switched network..
 High speed, high capacity, and low cost-per-bit.
 Global access, service portability, and scalable mobile
services.
 Seamless switching, and a variety of Quality of Service-
driven services.
 Better scheduling and call-admission-control techniques.
 Ad-hoc and multi-hop networks (the strict delay requirements
of voice make multi-hop network service a difficult problem)
 Better spectral efficiency.
 An infrastructure to handle pre-existing 3G systems along
with other wireless technologies, some of which are currently
under development.
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5. Implementation using 4G
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6. Implementation using 4G..
 Single worldwide core network standard, based on IP for
control, video, packet data, and voice.
 Seamless multimedia services to users accessing an all IP-
based infrastructure through heterogeneous access
technologies.
 IP is providing global connectivity and mobility among
networks.
 IP is compatible with, and independent of the underlying radio
access technology.
 IP wireless network replaces the old Signaling System 7
(SS7) telecommunications protocol, which is considered
massively redundant.
 All IP core layer is easily scalable, it is ideally suited to meet
the challenge.
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7. Proposed Architecture 4G:
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8. Wireless technology used
in 4G
 OFDM
 UWB
 MILLIMETER WIRELESS
 SMART ANTENNAS
 LONG TERM POWER PREDICTION
 SHEDULING AMONG USERS
 ADAPTIVE MODULATION AND POWER
CONTROL
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9. 1.OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing)
 Multi-carriermodulation( bandwidth B into N
multiple and parallel bit stream)
 Transmitter accepts data from an IP
network, converting & encoding the data
prior to modulation.
 An IFFT (inverse fast Fourier transform)
transforms OFDM signal into an IF analog
signal, which is sent to the RF
transceiver.(reverse process done at other
end.)
 No inferences.
 More impervious to fading and multi-path
delays.
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10. 2.Ultra wide Band
 UWB transmitter spreads its signal over a wide portion of the
RF spectrum, generally1 GHz wide or more, above 3.1GHz.
 minimize interference (TV , Radios).
 UWB equipment transmits very narrow RF pulses—low
power and short pulse.
 UWB is "carrier-free“.
 Immunity to multi-path distortion and interference.
3.Millimeter wireless
 Using the millimeter-wave band (above 20 GHz) for wireless
service is particularly interesting.
 Constitute only one of several frequency bands, with the 5
GHz band most likely dominant.
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11. 4.Smart Antennas-MIMO
 Smartness at both
transmitter &
receiver.
 Employs SDMA.
 Multiple parallel
channels operating
simultaneously on
same Band of freq.
 Combined with
adaptive Coding &
modulation,interferen
ce cancellation.
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12. 5.Long term power prediction
 Channels fade independently. If the channel properties
predicted then possible to distribute the optimal transmission
load among the users.
 Channel variability, we use OFDM system with spacing
between sub-carrier such that no inter-channel interface
occurs for the worst case channel scenario.
6.Scheduling among users/sector
 Among sectors:-In order to cope with co-channel interference
among neighboring sectors in adjacent cells, time slots are
allocated according to the traffic load in each sector .(inquiry
procedure)
 interference can be minimized and higher capacity be
obtained.
 Among users:-Based on the time slot allocation obtained
from inquiry process, the user scheduler will distribute time-
frequency regions among the users of each sector based on
their current channel predictions.
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13. 7.Adaptive modulation and power
control
Exist user with good channel
condition.
Modulation format for user is selected
according to predicated signal to
noise & interference.
Via inquiry process among adjacent
cell may use a aggressive power
control scheme.
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14. APPLICATIONS
 4G car- rear view mirror, information super
highway.
 4G and public safety - Intelligent
Transportation Systems, future disasters
response.
 Sensors in public vehicle-
Chemical-biological-nuclear (CBN) warning
sensor on every government-owned vehicle
instantly creates a mobile fleet that is the
equivalent of an army of highly trained dogs.
 Camera in traffic light- Networks allow cities
to deploy cameras and backhaul them
wirelessly, using the other cameras as
router/repeaters .
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15. APPLICATION….
First responder in route selection-
Using backhaul cameras means that the
intelligence collected flows one way: from the
camera to the command center.
Ambulances and fire trucks facing congestion
can query various cameras to choose an
alternate route.
Police, stuck in traffic on major thoroughfares,
can look ahead and make a decision as to
whether it would be faster to stay on the main
roads or exit to the side roads.
Traffic control during disaster – 4G
networks can allow officials to access traffic
control boxes to change inland traffic lanes to
green.
Instead of having to send officers to every box 15
on roads .It can all be done remotely &

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17. Issues with 4G wireless
 Optimal choice to access different
technology.
 How to be best connected .
 More than one technology at a time to serve.
 The handover algorithm would assure that
the best overall wireless link is chosen.
 The design of a mobility enabled IP
networking architecture.
 Mobility in IPv6 is not optimized to take
advantage of specific mechanisms that may
be deployed in different administrative
domains.
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18. Conclusion
4G offers us to provide with a very
efficient and reliable wireless
communication system for seamless
roaming over various network
including internet which uses IP
network. The 4G system will be
implemented in the coming years
which are a miracle in the field of
communication engineering
technology.
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19. Thank you
ARE … WE…. EVOLUTING???
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