Intelligence is defined as the ability to think rationally, act purposefully, and effectively deal with the environment. There are different types and theories of intelligence. Intelligence tests aim to measure intelligence through individual or group tests that assess verbal, non-verbal, or performance abilities. Famous intelligence tests include the Stanford-Binet, Wechsler scales, and Raven's matrices. The Wechsler scales separately measure verbal and performance IQ through subtests, and the Stanford-Binet was influential in establishing the intelligence quotient score.

1. Intelligence
wechsler has defined
intelligence as the aggregate
or global capacity of the
individual to think
rationally, to act
purposefully and to deal
effectively with the
environment

2. Types of Intelligence
Mechanical
intelligence
Social Abstract
intelligence intelligence

3. Theories of Intelligence
Multifactor
Unitary
Theory or
Theory or
Anarchic
Monarchic
Theory
Theory
(thorndike)
Spearman's
two factor Group factor
Theory or theory
Eclectic (thurstone)
Theory

4. Spearman’s “g” Factor
Logical
Mechanical
s
s
g
s s
Spatial Mathematical
Each ability combines

5. Primary mental Abilities
Verbal
Comprehension
Reasoning Word Fluency
Perceptual
Number
Speed
Memory Space

6. Intelligence
Assessment/tests
On the basis of size
On the basis of medium used
Individual Tests
Paper – pencil Tests
Group Tests
Verbal Tests
Non – Verbal Tests
Performance Tests
Culture Fair Tests
Or
Culture Free Tests

7. Intelligence Assessment
 Alfred Binct (1896)
 MA vs. CA
 Louis Terman (1916)
 David Wechsler (1958)

8. The Stanford-Binet
 Alfred Binet(1875-1911)
 Intelligence scale in 1905 which involved
attention, memory, discrimination and some
other simple psychological processes
 Scale consisted of 30 items arranged in order
of difficulty or complexity

9. Intelligence Quotient
 Stern (1914) devised the intelligence
Quotient (IQ)
 Shifts the focus to the rate of development
 Allows children of different ages to be compared
 IQ = (MA/CA) x 100
 This ratio no longer used in its literal form

10. Terman Classification of IQ
IQ Classification
140 – 169 Genius
120 –139 Very Superior or Gifted
110 –119 Superior
90 – 109 Average
80-89 Slow Learners
70 –79 Border Line
50 –69 Morons
25 – 49 Imbeciles
Below 24 Idiots

11. Intelligence Testing
Frequency Distribution
of IQ Scores
(Figure adapted from Anastasi & Urbina, 1997)
.

12. Wechsler Intelligence Scale
 Composed of two scales:
Verbal and Performance

13. Subtests
• Five Mandatory Subtests
• Information
• Similarities
• Arithmetic
Verbal • Vocabulary
• Comprehension
• One Supplementary Test
Scale • Digit Span
• This test can be substituted for one of the other tests if
and only if the data from a mandatory subtest is
missing or invalidated.
(Kamphaus, 1993)

14. Subtests
• Five Mandatory Subtests
• Picture Completion
• Picture Arrangement
• Block Design
• Object Assembly
Performance • Coding
• Two Supplementary Subtests
Scale • Mazes
• Symbol Search
• The Mazes subtest can be substituted for any of the
mandatory subtest if the data is missing or invalidated. The
Symbol Search can only be substituted for the Coding
subtest.
(Kamphaus, 1993)

15. Raven's “Culture-Fair”
matrices Test
 The test has five sets
i.e., A, B, C, D, E and
each set has 12
patterns.
 Total 60 patterns.

16. Bhatia’s (Alexander) performance
Test
 Koh's block design test
 Pass along test
 Pattern drawing test
 Immediate memory for sound
 Picture construction test