The document discusses different types of intelligence tests, how they are classified based on the method of testing (individual vs group) and medium of testing (verbal vs non-verbal). Intelligence tests can be used for selection, classification, promotion and research but have limitations as scores may vary by test and performance is impacted by temporary external factors.

1. Suresh Babu G
Intelligence Test
Suresh Babu G
Assistant Professor

2. Suresh Babu G
Measurement of Intelligence
Intelligence can be measured by using intelligence tests.
They are standardized tools having acceptable
reliability and validity. The intelligence tests are
classified in to two different ways.
1. Classification based on the method of testing
(a) Individual tests – only one individual is tested at
a time.
(b) Group tests – a group of individuals is
tested at the same time

3. Suresh Babu G
2. Classification based on the medium of testing
(a) Verbal Tests – they make use of language
(b) Non-Verbal Tests – they make use of some
activity or performance.
Individual Test Group Test
Verbal Test
Intelligence Test
Non-Verbal Test
(Performance Test)
Verbal Test Non-Verbal Test
(Performance Test)
Measurement of Intelligence

4. Suresh Babu G
Classification Based on the Method of Teaching
1. Individual Tests
 Individual tests of intelligence are those tests that
are administrated to a single to as single individual at
a time. In this type of tests, the test material is
presented by the examiner to the examinee in a face
to face situation.
 Individual test may be either verbal or non-verbal
(performance) type.
 Individual tests can be better applied to young
children and children below school age.

5. Suresh Babu G
Example
• Stanford - Binet Test (Individual Verbal Test) – This is
prepared by the French Psychologist Alfred Binet
(known as the father of intelligence tests) along with
Theodore Simon in 1905. It was later revised by
Terman and Merrill at Stanford University in 1916.
• The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
developed by David Wechler.
• Bhatia’s Battery of Performance Test developed by
C.M.Bhatia.
Classification Based on the Method of Teaching

6. Suresh Babu G
Merits of Individual Tests
• It is suited for individuals who cannot read and
write including small children.
• The tester can motivate the testee by means of
praise and encouragement.
• There is very little scope for cheating.
Demerits of Individual Tests
• It is costly in terms of administration and time.
• A trained person is required to administer
the test.
• It is not free from the personal bias.
Classification Based on the Method of Teaching

7. Suresh Babu G
2. Group Tests
 A group test of intelligence is one that is
administered to a group of individuals at a time. All
the people in the group are given the same
direction and have to perform the same activities.
 In almost all group tests, the items are placed
together in separate sub-tests and usually it
impose time limits for each sub-tests.
Classification Based on the Method of Teaching

8. Suresh Babu G
• Group test is divided into verbal and
nonverbal test.
Example
 A nonverbal group test of
intelligence for secondary school by
A. Sukumaran Nair
 The Group Test of General Mental
Ability developed by J.S.Jalota
(Verbal group intelligence test)
 Otis-Lennon School Ability Test
(Verbal group intelligence test)
Classification Based on the Method of Teaching

9. Suresh Babu G
Merits of Group Intelligence Tests
• It is less costly in terms of administration and time.
• No trained examiners are required to administer the test
• Group tests are scored more rigidly and more objectively
than individual tests.
Classification Based on the Method of Teaching

10. Suresh Babu G
Demerits of Group Intelligence
Tests
• It is unsuitable for individuals
suffering from reading disability.
• Speed and reading ability may
influence the test scores
• Several formalities are observed in
administration.
Classification Based on the Method of Teaching

11. Suresh Babu G
Difference Between Individual and Group
Intelligence Tests
Individual Test
• Administrated to a single
individual at a time
• Costly
• Trained examiner needed to
administer it
• Little scope for cheating
• Interest of a examiner is assured
• More reliable than group test
• Involves Face to face interaction
Group Test
• Administrated to a group of
individual at the same time
• Less costly
• No trained examiner needed to
administer it
• Cheating on a large scale
• Interest of a examiner is not
assured
• Less reliable than Individual
test
• No Face to face interaction

12. Suresh Babu G
Classification Based on the Medium of Testing
1. Verbal Test
 A test which requires the use of verbal ability – ability
to read, write and understand words – of the subject
is called verbal test. Such test make use of language
as the vehicle of testing.
 The test content is loaded with verbal materials and
the items are presented orally or in written forms for
which answer have to be given in oral and written
language.
 To take such a tests knowledge of the
language of the test is necessary.

13. Suresh Babu G
Examples
• Stanford – Binet Test (individual verbal test)
• Army Alpha Test by Lewis Termin and Robert
Yerkes (for US Army)
• CIE Verbal Group Test of Intelligence (Hindi)
constructed by Uday Sankar.
Classification Based on the Medium of Teaching

14. Suresh Babu G
Merits
• Administration and scoring is easy and less time
consuming even in group situation.
• They are less expensive compared to non-
verbal or performance test.
• Preparation of verbal test is easer than non-
verbal test
Classification Based on the Medium of Teaching

15. Suresh Babu G
Demerits
• Proficiency of language may
influence test
• Knowledge of language of the test
is necessary
• Individual with necessary
handicaps ( auditory and visual
handicaps) and very young
children cannot be tested
Classification Based on the Medium of Teaching

16. Suresh Babu G
Non – Verbal Tests
• These are tests of intelligence that require
no verbal response in its administration or
in the subject’s answers. These tests
involve activities in which instructions can
be given by pantomime and no language
need to be used at any point during the
testing.
• Items of non-verbal tests are in the form of
symbols, diagrams, perceptual designs or
even concrete objects.
• Types of items included in such test are:
figure analogies, figure classification,
spatial visualization etc.
Classification Based on the Medium of Teaching

17. Suresh Babu G
Example
• The Raven’s Progressive
Matrices Test by John C.
Raven in 1936.
• A nonverbal group test of
intelligence for secondary
schools by A.Sukumaran
Nair.
• The Chicago Non-verbal
Test.
Classification Based on the Medium of Teaching

18. Suresh Babu G
Performance Tests of Intelligence
• A performance test is one in which the subject has to
perform certain standardized tasks or to manipulate
some concrete materials without the use of language.
In these tests the items which require response in
terms of motor activities rather then to make verbal
response are included.
• For example, the test includes items to solve a maze,
to fit cutouts appropriate holes in a from board (form
board test) etc.
• Performance tests are non-verbal; but all non-verbal
tests need not be performance type.
Classification Based on the Medium of Teaching

19. Suresh Babu G
Example
• The Pinter-Paterson Performance Scale (it is the
first performance test; developed in 1917)
• Koh’s Block Design Test.
Classification Based on the Medium of Teaching

20. Suresh Babu G
Merits
• Performance tests are most useful with persons
handicapped by language disabilities such as
deaf, dumb, illiterates etc.
• Test can be administrated who do not understand
the language
• The results of these tests are less affected by
schooling than are the results of verbal tests.
Classification Based on the Medium of Teaching

21. Suresh Babu G
Demerits
• They are costly
• Standardization of performance tests are
difficult.
• They are more susceptible to practice effects
and chance successes are more frequent than
in the case with verbal tests.
Classification Based on the Medium of Teaching

22. Suresh Babu G
Difference Between Verbal and Non-Verbal Tests
Verbal Test
• It makes use of language
• The abilities usually
measured in verbal tests
are verbal reasoning,
memory and numerical
reasoning.
• Verbal tests cannot be used
for testing subjects who lack
linguistic ability
• It is less expensive
Non-Verbal Tests (Performance Test)
• It makes use of pictures,
designs or activities
• The abilities measured in
non-verbal tests are spatial
ability, speed and induction.
• Subject who lack language
ability can also be using
non-verbal tests.
• It is expensive

23. Suresh Babu G
Verbal Test
• Tests are much affected by
schooling
• Standardization of verbal tests
are easy
• Administration and scoring of
verbal tests are easy
Non-Verbal Tests (Performance Test)
• Tests are less affected by
schooling
• Standardization of non-verbal
tests are difficult
• Administration and scoring of
non -verbal tests are difficult
Difference Between Verbal and Non-Verbal Tests

24. Suresh Babu G
Uses of Intelligence Tests
• For the purpose of selection
• For the purpose of classification
• For the purpose of promotion
• For knowing one’s potentiality
• For diagnostic purpose
• Helps in research work

25. Suresh Babu G
Limitations of Intelligence Tests
• Different kinds of intelligence tests may yield different
scores
• Students performance is affected by many temporary
factors such as general health, mood , fatigue etc
• Test items typically reflect skills valued in main stream
western culture
• Unfamiliarity with the content or types of tasks in
particular test items may yield poor performance

26. Suresh Babu G
• Some students may not be
motivated to perform at their
best and so may obtain
scores that underestimate
their abilities.
Limitations of Intelligence Tests

27. Suresh Babu G
Do the test