The document describes the structure and function of the integumentary system. It discusses the layers of the skin (epidermis and dermis), skin cell types, skin appendages like hair follicles and sweat glands, skin modifications in different areas, types of fascia and their functions, and methods of injections into the skin. The skin provides protection, sensation, temperature regulation and absorption, and its color can provide diagnostic clues for conditions like cyanosis, jaundice, erythema and pallor.
skin and fascia description for medical students from clinical anatomy by richard s. snell .you get everything you want follow me back and tell anything which is in your heart :) <3
slides by our kind hearted teacher MAM AMMARAH :)
skin and fascia description for medical students from clinical anatomy by richard s. snell .you get everything you want follow me back and tell anything which is in your heart :) <3
slides by our kind hearted teacher MAM AMMARAH :)
Structure and function of Skin (Integumentary system) - mypharmaguidePankaj Saha
Dermatology – defined as ‘the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis & treatment of skin disorders’
However, dermatologists do not confine themselves purely to a study of intrinsic disorders of the skin
Must also study internal medicine & the many environmental & occupational factors that so frequently cause skin problems
Visit - MyPharmaGuide.Com for more or Download MyPharmaGuide app from Google Play Store
basics of skin, review of skin, Integumentary system, the structure of the skin, Functions of skin, skin appendages, Hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, Nails, dermis, epidermis,
subcutaneous tissue. anatomy and physiology
The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a total area of about 20 square feet. ... Skin has three layers: The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
it describes the microanatomy of skin and its appendages in a concise format. it will give the overview of the integumentary system of our body and largest organ of our body.
Structurally, the skin consists of two layers which differ in function, histological appearance and their embryological origin. The outer layer or epidermis is formed by an epithelium and is of ectodermal origin. ... The skin and its appendages together are called the integumentary system. - [Source: Blue Histology - Integumentary System]
The skin : هذا العرض يتحدث عن الجلد الذي يعتبر اكبر عضو بالجسم وشرح الطبقاة المكونة للجلد :
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https://t.me/GoldenAlzaidy
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youtube::: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Orumw-PyNjw
Structure and function of Skin (Integumentary system) - mypharmaguidePankaj Saha
Dermatology – defined as ‘the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis & treatment of skin disorders’
However, dermatologists do not confine themselves purely to a study of intrinsic disorders of the skin
Must also study internal medicine & the many environmental & occupational factors that so frequently cause skin problems
Visit - MyPharmaGuide.Com for more or Download MyPharmaGuide app from Google Play Store
basics of skin, review of skin, Integumentary system, the structure of the skin, Functions of skin, skin appendages, Hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, Nails, dermis, epidermis,
subcutaneous tissue. anatomy and physiology
The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a total area of about 20 square feet. ... Skin has three layers: The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
it describes the microanatomy of skin and its appendages in a concise format. it will give the overview of the integumentary system of our body and largest organ of our body.
Structurally, the skin consists of two layers which differ in function, histological appearance and their embryological origin. The outer layer or epidermis is formed by an epithelium and is of ectodermal origin. ... The skin and its appendages together are called the integumentary system. - [Source: Blue Histology - Integumentary System]
The skin : هذا العرض يتحدث عن الجلد الذي يعتبر اكبر عضو بالجسم وشرح الطبقاة المكونة للجلد :
------------------------------------------
https://t.me/GoldenAlzaidy
------------------------------------------------------
youtube::: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Orumw-PyNjw
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
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1. Integumentary System
AN 4.1 Describe different types of skin
& dermatomes in body AN 4.2 Describe structure and
function of skin with its appendages
AN 4.3 Describe superficial fascia
along with fat distribution in body
AN 4.4 Describe modifications of
deep fascia with its functions
AN4.5 Explain principles of skin incisions
4. Function of skin
Protection
Sensation
Heat regulation
Excretion
Secretion
Absorption
5. Types of skin
• 2 types
– Based on thickness of
epidermis
• Thick
– Otherwise - Glaberous skin
• Has thick stratum corneum
• No hairs
• Location
– Palm and sole
• Thin
– Epidermis is thin
– Loctation
• Except Palm and sole
12. Merkel cells
• Location
– Stratum basale
– Abundant in
• Fingertips, lips, face
• Function
– Contact with a disc like
sensory nerve ending (in
dermis)
– Mechanoreceptors (low
pressure)
15. Stratum basale
• Deepest layer of epidermis
• Consists of
– Single layer of cuboidal
cells
• These divide and give
keratinocytes (cells of
skin)
• So this layer is known as
– Stratum germinativum
19. Stratum corneum
• Superficial layer
• Cells are nonnucleated,
flat, scale like cells
• Cells are filled with keratin
20. Dermis
Lies deep to Epidermis
Sensitive layer of
connective tissue that
contains:
Blood vessels
Sensory nerve endings
Sudoriferous glands - sweat
Sebaceous glands - oil
Hair follicles
Arrector pili muscles
Two layers
Reticular layer(deeper layer)
Papillary layer (dermal
papillae, tactile corpuscles,
melanin)
21. Papillary layer
• Superficial layer of dermis
• Composed of loose areolar
connective tissue
• Has fingerlike projections
called papillae
• Provide the dermis a
"bumpy" surface that
interdigitates with the
epidermis,
– Strengthening the connection
between the two layers of
skin
22. Reticular layer
• Inner, thicker layer
• Composed of
– Dense irregular connective
tissue
– Collagen / Reticular / Elastic
fibres
– Langer lines
– Orientation of collagen
fibres
– Surgery incisions made
parallel
23. Langer's lines /
Tension lines /
Cleavage lines
• Correspond to the
natural orientation
of collagen fibers in
the dermis
24. Stretch marks in skin
• Damage to the collagen
fibers in dermis due to
over stretching as in
pregnancy or abdominal
enlargement
25. Flexure lines
• Found in the vicinity of
synovial joints
• Here the skin is attached
strongly to underlying
deep fascia
• Prominent on the flexor
surfaces of palms, soles
and digits
• Skin lines don't
necessarily coincide with
the underlying joint line
32. Hair
• Shaft-portion that
project above skin
surface
• Root-embedded in skin,
penetrates into dermis
or subQ
• Hair Follicle- surrounds
the root
• Bulb-base of hair
follicle
34. Sebaceous Glands
• Secrete an oily/waxy
matter, called sebum
• To lubricate and waterproof
the skin and hair
• Abundance on face and
scalp
35. Sebaceous Glands Diseases
• Acne
– Excess oil production
– Hair follicles clogged by
oil and dead skin cells
– Bacteria
– Excess activity of a type
of hormone (androgens)
• Sebaceous cysts
– Gland or its duct becomes
damaged or blocked
36. Sweat glands
• Produce sweat
• Helps to cool the body
• Two types
• Eccrine
– Opens on the surface of skin
through a duct
– Most numerous
– Numerous on palms, sole of feet
and forehead
• Apocrine
– Empty into hair follicles
– Lies in armpits and genital areas
38. Superficial fascia
• Mixture of adipose and loose
areolar tissues
• Unites the skin to the
underlying structures
• Most distinct
– Lower part of abdomen
– Perineum and limbs
• Very thin
– Eyelids, auricle, scrotum
(devoid of adipose tissue)
• Very dense
– Scalp, palm & sole
• Function
– Facilitate movements of skin
– Bad conductor of heat
39. Superficial fascia
• Flat sheets of muscles- in
some regions
• Skeletal muscle
– Platysma
– Palmaris brevis
• Smooth muscle
– Subareolar muscle of the
nipple
– Dartos
– Corrugator cutis ani
• Functions
– Facilitates movement of skin
over underlying structures
– Passage for cutaneous vessels,
nerves
– Protects the body against heat
loss
40. Deep fascia
• Beneath superficial
fascia
• Devoid of fat
• Inelastic & tough
• Either invests or bind
structures
41. Modifications of deep fascia
• Intermuscular septa
• Retiinaculum
• Epimysium, Perimysium
and endomysium
• Epineurium, perineurium
and endoneurium
• Sheath
42. Intradermal Injections
• Injection of the substance
into the dermis
• Indications
– Identify skin allergy to any
drugs
• Tuberculin injection
• Allergy sensitivity tests
• Local anesthesia
• BCG vaccine
• Angle- 10-15 degree
• Sites
– Forearm
44. • Cyanotic (cyan = blue)
– Who has stopped breathing
• Because the hemoglobin is
depleted of oxygen
• Jaundice (jaund = yellow)
– Buildup of bilirubin (yellow
pigment) in the blood
• Erythema (ery = red)
– Engorgement of capillaries in
the dermis
• Skin injury, infection, heat
exposure, inflammation,
allergies, emotional state,
hypertension
• Pallor - paleness
– Emotional state, anemia, low
blood pressure
Skin color as diagnostic clues
for medical conditions