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Week 4 structure of the skin btec
- 1. Integumentary System Structure of Skin Level 2 By Beauty and Holistic Therapies Faculty
- 2. Session Outcomes • Identify the layers of the epidermis. • Recognise the structures within the dermis. • Explain the functions of the skin. • Describe the structures of the skin and relate these to the general functions of the skin.
- 3. Layers of the skin 3 layers of the skin: • Epidermis • Dermis • Subcutaneous layer
- 4. Layers of EpidermisLevel 2 Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Germinativum
- 5. Stratums of the skin Stratum Corneum • The outer layer of the skin • Made up of scale like cells which are continuously shed Stratum Lucidum • This is made up of small transparent cells through which light can pass • Is only present in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
- 6. Stratum Granulosum • 1-3 layers thick • The cells have distinct granules • keratin is produced Stratum Spinosum • 3-6 layers thick • The cells are constantly dividing Stratum Germinativum • 1 layer of cells that contain melanin • The cells of the epidermis are produced in this layer and have a distinct nuclei • These cells divide continuously by a process known as mitosis
- 7. Structure of Dermis The dermis contains 2 layers: Papillary Layer Recticular Layer
- 8. Papillary Layer of Dermis Papillary Layer • Lies directly under the epidermis • Its thin and has cone like projections called papillae • It provides nutrients and oxygen to the germinating layer of the epidermis
- 9. Recticular Layer of Dermis Reticular Layer • Lies below the papillary layer • Contains collagen and elastin fibres • Collagen gives the skin a plump and youthful appearance • Elastin gives the skin its elastic properties
- 10. Appendages Hair shaft Nerve endings Arrector pili muscle Sweat gland Dermal papilla Hair follicle Blood supply Sebaceous gland
- 11. Hair shaft The hair shaft is the part of the hair that lies above the skins surface. Such as: • eyebrows • eyelashes • body hair • hair on the head
- 12. Hair Follicle • The hair follicle is a small pocket in the Dermis which holds the hair while it grows • It protects the hair
- 13. Dermal Papilla • The dermal papilla is the blood supply for the hair and its follicle • It provides food and oxygen • A separate organ that serves the follicle; it is not part of the hair
- 14. Arrector Pili Muscle • A tiny muscle attached to the hair follicle in the Dermis • Contracts when body temperature decreases • Pulls the skin into a goose pimple, lifting the hair and trapping warm air
- 15. Blood Supply • Blood is supplied to the skin by small blood vessels known as Capillaries • Blood supply provides the oxygen and nutrients that tissues require • The Capillaries help to maintain the body temperature
- 16. Nerve Endings Sensory nerves Sensory nerve endings send messages to our brain to let us know what we are feeling. Such as: • heat, cold, touch, pain and pressure Motor nerves bring messages from our brain to bring about a response
- 17. Sweat Gland • Found all over the body • Regulate the body temperature by allowing sweat to evaporate from the body There are two different types of sweat/ sudoriferous glands: • Eccrine glands -Found all over the body and secrete a watery fluid. • Apocrine glands -Found in the underarms, nipple and groin area and become active at puberty
- 18. Sebaceous Gland • Are found all over the body except palms of the hands and the soles of the feet • Produces the natural oil of the skin - sebum
- 19. Subcutaneous Layer Located under the dermis and is mainly made up of fat cells (adipose tissue) This fatty layer of the skin provides: • Plump contours of the body • Protection • Insulation • Support • Food supply if needed
- 20. Growth & Repair • 1 month • Stratum Germinativum • Stratum Granulosum • Stratum Corneum • Stratum Germinativum • Layers
- 21. Dermis • Papillary layer • Nerve • Blood • Capillaries • Deep • Connective tissue • Elastin
- 22. Session Outcomes • Identify the layers of the epidermis. • Recognise the structures within the dermis. • Explain the functions of the skin. • Describe the structures of the skin and relate these to the general functions of the skin.