INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
THE INTEGUMENT
PROTECTION
First line of defense against
Bacteria
Viruses
Protects underlying structures from
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
Dehydration
BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION
If too hot
Dermal blood vessels dilate
Vessels carry more blood to surface so heat can escape
If too cold
Dermal blood vessels constrict
Prevents heat from escaping
EXCRETION
Small amounts of waste products are lost through perspiration
VITAMIN D PRODUCTION
Needed for calcium absorption
STRUCTURE OF SKIN
SKIN STRUCTURE : EPIDERMIS
Structures of the Epidermis
The five strata of keratinocytes in thick skin
From basal lamina to free surface
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
Second major layer of the skin
Provides mechanical strength, flexibility, and protection for underlying tissues
Highly vascular and contains a variety of sensory receptors that provide information about the external environment
Has two layers
The papillary layer
The reticular layer
Flexure lines - creases on palms
The Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer)
Lies below the integument
Stabilizes the skin
Allows separate movement
Made of elastic areolar and adipose tissues
Connected to the reticular layer of integument by connective tissue fibers
Deposits of Subcutaneous Fat
Distribution patterns determined by hormones
Reduced by cosmetic liposuction (lipoplasty)
STRUCTURE OF HAIR
The haIR FOLLICLE
Hair follicles are the organs that form the hairs.
Located deep in dermis.
Produces nonliving hairs.
Wrapped in a dense connective tissue sheath.
Base is surrounded by sensory nerves (root hair plexus).
Control bacteria
ACCESSORY STRUCTURES OF HAIR
Arrector pili
Involuntary smooth muscle
Causes hairs to stand up
Produces “goose bumps”
Sebaceous glands
Lubricate the hair
REGIONS OF HAIR
Hair root
Lower part of the hair
Attached to the integument
Hair shaft
Upper part of the hair
Not attached to the integument
HAIR FUNCTION
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF NAIL
Structure and function of nail
Nails
Protect fingers and toes
Made of dead cells packed with keratin
Metabolic disorders can change nail structure
Nail Production
Occurs in a deep epidermal fold near the bone called the nail root
Structure and function of nail
it describes the microanatomy of skin and its appendages in a concise format. it will give the overview of the integumentary system of our body and largest organ of our body.
The power point is just to help learners to have basic understanding on the anatomy and physiology of the skin (integumentary system).
The two major classes of the skin has been briefly stated as well as the major layers of the skin.
The integumentary system is the organ system that protects the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or abrasion from outside. The system comprises the skin and its appendages (including hair, scales, feathers, hooves, and nails). The integumentary system has a variety of functions; it may serve to waterproof, cushion, and protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, and regulate temperature, and is the attachment site for sensory receptors to detect pain, sensation, pressure, and temperature. In most terrestrial vertebrates with significant exposure to sunlight, the integumentary system also provides for vitamin D synthesis.
Skin is the largest organ in the body. It is made of epidermis and dermis. It contains fatty fascia as layer called hypodermal. Integumentary system consists of SKIN and various APPENDAGES. The red and yellow colouration of human skin are due to haemoglobin in the red blood cells, passing through network of capillaries into epidermis.
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
THE INTEGUMENT
PROTECTION
First line of defense against
Bacteria
Viruses
Protects underlying structures from
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
Dehydration
BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION
If too hot
Dermal blood vessels dilate
Vessels carry more blood to surface so heat can escape
If too cold
Dermal blood vessels constrict
Prevents heat from escaping
EXCRETION
Small amounts of waste products are lost through perspiration
VITAMIN D PRODUCTION
Needed for calcium absorption
STRUCTURE OF SKIN
SKIN STRUCTURE : EPIDERMIS
Structures of the Epidermis
The five strata of keratinocytes in thick skin
From basal lamina to free surface
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
Second major layer of the skin
Provides mechanical strength, flexibility, and protection for underlying tissues
Highly vascular and contains a variety of sensory receptors that provide information about the external environment
Has two layers
The papillary layer
The reticular layer
Flexure lines - creases on palms
The Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer)
Lies below the integument
Stabilizes the skin
Allows separate movement
Made of elastic areolar and adipose tissues
Connected to the reticular layer of integument by connective tissue fibers
Deposits of Subcutaneous Fat
Distribution patterns determined by hormones
Reduced by cosmetic liposuction (lipoplasty)
STRUCTURE OF HAIR
The haIR FOLLICLE
Hair follicles are the organs that form the hairs.
Located deep in dermis.
Produces nonliving hairs.
Wrapped in a dense connective tissue sheath.
Base is surrounded by sensory nerves (root hair plexus).
Control bacteria
ACCESSORY STRUCTURES OF HAIR
Arrector pili
Involuntary smooth muscle
Causes hairs to stand up
Produces “goose bumps”
Sebaceous glands
Lubricate the hair
REGIONS OF HAIR
Hair root
Lower part of the hair
Attached to the integument
Hair shaft
Upper part of the hair
Not attached to the integument
HAIR FUNCTION
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF NAIL
Structure and function of nail
Nails
Protect fingers and toes
Made of dead cells packed with keratin
Metabolic disorders can change nail structure
Nail Production
Occurs in a deep epidermal fold near the bone called the nail root
Structure and function of nail
it describes the microanatomy of skin and its appendages in a concise format. it will give the overview of the integumentary system of our body and largest organ of our body.
The power point is just to help learners to have basic understanding on the anatomy and physiology of the skin (integumentary system).
The two major classes of the skin has been briefly stated as well as the major layers of the skin.
The integumentary system is the organ system that protects the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or abrasion from outside. The system comprises the skin and its appendages (including hair, scales, feathers, hooves, and nails). The integumentary system has a variety of functions; it may serve to waterproof, cushion, and protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, and regulate temperature, and is the attachment site for sensory receptors to detect pain, sensation, pressure, and temperature. In most terrestrial vertebrates with significant exposure to sunlight, the integumentary system also provides for vitamin D synthesis.
Skin is the largest organ in the body. It is made of epidermis and dermis. It contains fatty fascia as layer called hypodermal. Integumentary system consists of SKIN and various APPENDAGES. The red and yellow colouration of human skin are due to haemoglobin in the red blood cells, passing through network of capillaries into epidermis.
The integumentary system comprises the skin and its appendages. Skin + derivatives= Integument.
It aims to protect the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or damages from outside.
The integumentary system in chordates includes hair, scales, feathers, hooves, and nails.
It may serve to water proof, and protect the deeper tissues.
Excrete wastes, and regulate body temperature.
It is the attachment site for sensory receptors to detect pain, sensation, pressure, and temperature.
The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.
The integumentary system is the physical system that forms the barrier between the external environment and the internal systems of the body. In humans, this system consists of skin, hair, nails, and related glands.
Altogether, the integumentary system forms the largest organ in the body. The main function of this system is to protect bones, organs, and other internal structures from harm. In addition, the integumentary system performs important immune functions, cell fluid maintenance, synthesis of Vitamin D, body temperature regulation, and detection of stimuli.
21. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE SKIN CHORDATE EPIDERMIS DERMIS 1. AGNATHANS ‘ multi-layered and is rich w/mucous glands ‘ slime eels lack scales ‘ Layers are mitotic including surface cells horny denticles in the buccal funnel is the only cormfied structure,shed replaced ‘ thinner than epidermis but tough due to interwoven collagenous fibers. ‘ rich in the melanophores w/c ad heres tightly to the underlying musculator myosepta
22. CHORDATE EPIDERMIS DERMIS 2.CHONDRICH-THYES ‘ more layered and cells are compactly arranged ‘ unicellular glands excepting chaemiras ‘ stingrays-goblet toxins. ‘ multicellular cells at the base secretes toxins Multicelullar cells are conc. at the base of the claspers of males ‘ thicker than epidermis and w/2 more or less defined layers ‘ placoid scales fr.the paleozioc shakers ‘ sheet of melanophores derse dorsally than virtrally less illumnuscence ‘ with ceratotrichia or fin rays
23.
24. CHORDATE EPIDERMIS DERMIS 3. OSTEICH-THYES -more mucous glands -presence of cycloid scales -with uicellular goblet cells w/c maintain mucous coat of the skin to prevent dessication -with poisonous granular gland -photophores serve as lures /warning -presence of ancient ganoid or modern cycloid scale -flexible dermal fin rays which stregthens the fins of bony fishes -with osteoderms
27. CHORDATE EPIDERMIS DERMIS 4.AMPHIBIA ‘ skin-w/o scales ‘ with incipient stratum corneum ‘ uncellular goblet cells secretes mucigens for semi-aquatic amphibians ‘ mucons glands-mucin ‘ poison glands-alkaloidal secreation ‘ cornified skin prevents dessication. ‘ with dermal chomatophores ‘ firmly attached to the underlying musuculature ‘ voluminous bread subcutaneous lymph sinuses separates skin from muscles ‘ bony dermal scales in caecilians
28.
29. CHORDATE EPIDERMIS DERMIS 5.REPTILES ‘ thick stratum corneum ‘ with epidermal scales molts at regular internal ‘ presence of unique horny surface features ‘ integumentary glands are not abundant ‘ scales,scutes,rattles,clansz,plaque,spiny crests ‘ bony dermal,bones are more abundant ‘ osteoderms 1.lizards-underlying the epidermal scales 2.snakes-absent
31. CHORDATE EPIDERMIS DERMIS 6.AVES ‘ thin-skinned ‘ epidermal scales umited to feet and base of breaks ‘ presence of sharp clans ‘ integumentary glands are absent ‘ uropygial gland caudal, oil the feathers ‘ with feathers .down .filoplumes .rectrices .remiges ‘ dermis supports the feathers and arrectures pilorum/ plumarun ‘ exceptionally thin ‘ motility of skin is correlated to thermoregulatory function of feathers ‘ no osteoderms ‘ with spurs both sexes .tarsometatasus .carpometasus in some
32.
33. CHORDATE EPIDERMIS DERMIS 7.MAMMALS ‘ hairs are present arising from hair follicles ‘ epidermal glands .sebaceous-sebum .sudoriferous-sweat .mammary-milk ‘ stratum germinativum is germinating ‘ dense stratum corneum ‘ derivatives .claws .horns .hairs .nails .baleen whale bone hangs or oral cavity ‘ presence of hair follicle,arrector muscles,sweat, sebaceous glands,conn. tissues ‘ highly vascularized ‘ with nerve endings ‘ has thermoregulatory function-homiothermic ‘ hypodermis or subcutaneous layer separates skin from muscles ‘ with pigment cells
50. FEATURE THIN SKIN THICK SKIN 1. Distribution All parts of the body except palms,palmar digits,soles Palms,palmar surface of digits and soles 2. Epidermal thickness 0.10-0.15mm 0.6 – 4.5 mm 3. Epidermal Strata Lack stratum lucidum,thinner s. spinosum and s. corneum Thick s. lucidum,spinosum,corneum 4. epidermal Ridges Lacking due to poorly developed or fewer dermal papillae Present due to well- developed or numerous dermal papillae 5. Hair follicles and Arrector pili Muscle Present Absent 6. Sebaceous Glands Present Absent 7. Sudoriferpous Gland Fewer More numerous 8. Sensory Receptors Sparser denser
68. Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 2. Neck, Shoulders, Upper Arm, and Upper Thorax (Lungs) Key Figure 4 a Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S. Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed Recognized by adipose tissue.
![DERMATOLOGY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)