Anatomy of nose

1. Nose

2. Nose
• Part of respiratory tract
• Above hard palate
• Also contains
• Peripheral organ of smell
• Parts
• External nose
• Nasal cavity
• Role of nose
• Respiration
• Olfaction
• Filtration of dust
• Humidification
• Elimination of secretions
• From paranasal sinuses and lacrimal gland

3. Nose - parts
• External nose
• Nasal cavity

4. External nose - parts
• Naris (nostrils)
• Two elliptical orifices

5. External nose - skeleton
• Formed by
• Bones & cartilages
• Bones
• Nasal bones
• Frontal processes of maxillae
• Cartilages
• Lateral cartilage
• Median septal cartilage
• Major alar cartilage

6. External nose – nerve supply
• Infratrochlear
• External nasal
• Infraorbital

7. External nose – arterial supply
• Dorsal nasal
• Opthalmic
• Lateral nasal
• Facial

8. Nasal cavity
• Has
– Floor
– Roof
– Lateral wall
– Medial or septal wall

9. Floor of Nasal Cavity
• Forms superior surface of the
hard palate
• Palatine process maxilla
• Horizontal plate of palatine bone

10. Roof
• Anterior part
• Formed by nasal & frontal bones
• Intermediate part
• Formed by cribriform plate of ethmoid
• Posterior part
• Formed by inferior surface sphenoid
body

11. Nasal Septum
• Divides the nasal cavity into
• Right and left halves
• Formed by
• Bones & cartilage
• Bones
• Perpendicular part of ethmoid
(anterosuperior part)
• Vomer (posteroinferior part)
• Cartilages
• Septal cartilage
• Septal process of
• Alar cartilages

12. Arterial supply of Nasal septum
• Septal branches of
• Anterior ethmoidal
• Opthalmic
• Posterior ethmoidal
• Opthalmic
• Sphenopalatine
• Maxillary
• Greater palatine
• Maxillary
• Superior labial
• Facial

13. Little’s area
• Antero-inferior part of nasal septum
• Highly vascular
• Supplied by
• Septal branches of
• Anterior ethmoidal
• Sphenopalatine
• Greater palatine
• Superior labial
• Kesselbach’s plexus
• Anastomose between these branches
• Clinical importance
• Common site for epistaxis (bleeding
from nose)

14. Nerve supply
• Olfactory nerves-supply the upper part
(one-third) just below the cribriform
plate
• Anterosuperior part
• Internal nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal
• Branch from nasociliary
• Posteroinferior part
• Nasopalatine nerve
• Branch of pterygopalatine ganglion
• Posterosuperior part
• Medial posterior superior nasal branches
• Pterygopalatine ganglion
• Posterior part
• Nasal branch of greater palatine nerve
• Anteroinferior part
• Anterior superior alveolar nerve
• From infraorbital

15. Deviated nasal septum
• Common
• Causes nasal obstruction
• In severe cases
• Breathing difficulties
• Cold
• Allergic sneezing
• Snoring

16. Lateral wall
• Formed by
• Bones & cartilages
• Bones
• Nasal bone
• Frontal process of maxilla
• Superior & middle concha
• Uncinate process of ethmoid
• Inferior concha
• Perpendicular plate of palatine
• Medial pterygoid plate
• Cartilages
• Lateral nasal cartilage
• Major alar cartilage
• 3-4 minor alar cartilages

17. • Vestibule
• Antero inferior part
• Lined by skin – contains stiff curved hairs
(vibrissae)
• Atrium
• Anterior part of middle meatus
• Limen nasi
• Curved mucocutaneous junction
• Between atrium & vestibule
• Agger nasi
• Upper limit of atrium
• Conchae & meatuses
• Posterior part of nasal cavity has
• Projections – concha
• Depression – between the conchae
Lateral wall - subdivisions

18. Lateral wall - Features
• Conchae
• 3 curved shelves
(projection) of bones
• Meatuses

19. Lateral wall - conchae
• Superior concha
• Smallest concha
• Middle concha
• Covers maximum number of
openings
• Superior & middle conchae
• Part of ethmoidal labyrinth
• Inferior nasal concha
• Largest concha
• Independent bone
Ethmoid labyrinth

20. • 3 meatuses are present
• Lies beneath respective conchae
• Sphenoethmoidal recess
• Depression between the roof and
superior concha
• Inferior meatus
• Largest meatus
• Lies beneath inferior nasal concha
• Presents
• Opening of nasaolacrimal duct
• At the junction of ant 1/3rd & post 2/3rd
Lateral wall - meatuses

21. Lateral wall – middle meatus
• Lies beneath the middle concha
• Has following features
• Ethmoidal bulla
• Rounded elevation
• Produced by underlying
• Middle ethmoidal sinuses
• Hiatus semilunaris
• Semicircular sulcus below bulla ethmoidalis
• Infundibulum
• Recess at the anterior end of hiatus
semilunaris

22. Lateral wall – arterial supply
• Antero- superior quadrant
• Anterior ethmoidal
• Antero - inferior quadrant
• Branches of
• Facial and greater palatine arteries
• Postero - superior quadrant
• Sphenopalatine
• Postero - inferior quadrant
• Greater palatine

23. Lateral wall – Nerve supply
• Upper part
• Olfactory
• Anterosuperior quadrant
• Anterior ethmoidal
• Anteroinferior quadrant
• Anterior superior alveolar
• Posterior part
• Posterior nasal
CN I – Olfactory Nerves
Posterior nasal branches
of V2
Anterior ethmoidal
branch of V1

24. Mucous Membrane
• Vestibule
• Skin and has coarse hairs
• Area above superior concha
• Olfactory mucous membrane
• Contains nerve endings
• Rest of the area
• Respiratory mucous membrane
• Pseudostratified with goblet cells