Indirect speech
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The document discusses the changes that occur when direct speech is reported as indirect speech. It explains that verbs change from present to past tense unless the situation being reported remains unchanged. It also covers changes to pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and question and reporting structures. Indirect speech follows specific rules to report what was said or written while observing consistency in tense, pronouns and other elements.
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This document discusses the differences between direct and reported speech. It notes that in reported speech, verb tenses change to the past tense, pronouns may change based on who is speaking, and time and place expressions change to reflect when the speech was reported rather than when it originally occurred. It provides examples of how direct speech would change when reported, such as changing the present tense to past tense, and changing words like "now" to "then".
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The document discusses the difference between using the simple past and present perfect tenses in English. The simple past is used to talk about completed actions or events that occurred entirely in the past. The present perfect tense is used for actions or events that began in the past but are still relevant to or have an effect in the present. Some examples of using each tense are provided to illustrate when to use the simple past versus the present perfect. Time expressions, emphasis on the action versus the result, and adverbs like "yet", "already", and "ever" can indicate whether to use the simple past or present perfect tense.
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This document provides information about reported speech, including how to change verb tenses, pronouns, words referring to particular times or places, and other elements when reporting what someone else said. It discusses common reporting verbs used to introduce reported speech and patterns for reporting speech, such as using a verb plus that-clause or to-infinitive. Examples are given to illustrate the changes needed in reported speech.
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The document provides information and examples about reported speech. It discusses:
- Using reported speech to tell someone about a past conversation.
- Changes that are made when moving from direct to reported speech, such as verb tense, pronouns, time/place expressions.
- Different reporting verbs used to report statements, questions, suggestions, requests, orders, and advice.
- Examples of how direct speech is changed to reported speech.
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Reported speech is used to tell someone else what a person said earlier. When reporting speech, the tenses of the original verbs usually shift back one tense and pronouns and possessive adjectives change. Expressions of time and place, such as now/then or here/there, often change in reported speech. Common reporting verbs include say and tell, but other verbs like agree, decide, offer, and promise can also be used to report speech.
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The document discusses the passive voice in English grammar. It is divided into active and passive voice. The passive voice is used when we want to emphasize the object or when the subject is unknown. It then provides examples of using the passive voice in simple present, past, and future tenses as well as continuous, perfect, and modal auxiliary verbs. The passive voice always uses "by" to introduce the passive object, but it can be omitted when the subject is obvious or unimportant.
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Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action rather than the subject performing the action. The passive voice construction uses the subject followed by a form of "to be" and the past participle of the verb. Several examples are provided that demonstrate how to transform sentences from active to passive voice by changing the subject and adding "by" plus the original subject.
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The document provides information and examples about reported speech. It discusses:
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- Examples of how direct speech is changed to reported speech.
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The document discusses the present perfect continuous and past perfect tenses.
[1] The present perfect continuous tense uses "have/has been + verb+ing" to describe an action that began in the past and has recent completion or is still ongoing. It can express duration.
[2] The past perfect tense uses "had + past participle" to describe an action that was completed before another past action. The first action expressed must be in the past perfect tense.
[3] The simple past tense can be used with two actions to indicate one occurred shortly after the other without specifying which came first.
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This document describes the four types of conditional sentences in English:
1) Zero conditional refers to situations that are always true (e.g. if you heat water, it boils)
2) First conditional expresses a possible condition and probable result in the present or future (e.g. if we hurry, we'll catch the bus)
3) Second conditional expresses an unlikely or impossible condition and result using past tense (e.g. if I ate a cake, I'd get fat)
4) Third conditional is used to talk about past events that did not happen and their consequences, using past perfect tense (e.g. if I had phoned her that day, we would have still
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The document summarizes the use of the past simple and present perfect tenses in English. It discusses:
1) Using the past simple for completed actions that happened at a specific time in the past, habitual past actions, and actions that followed sequentially.
2) The formation of regular and irregular past simple verbs.
3) The difference between using the past simple, which emphasizes the action, and the present perfect, which emphasizes the present result of a past action.
4) Examples of using yet, already, ever, before, always, and only with the present perfect.
5) An exercise asking to put verbs in the correct present perfect form.
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The document discusses different verb tenses in English including past, present, and future tenses. The past tense is formed by adding "-ed" or "-d" to regular verbs and irregular verbs have various forms. The present tense uses the base verb form or adds "-s" for third person singular subjects. The future tense generally marks events that have not happened yet but are expected to happen, and can be formed using "will" or "going to" plus the infinitive form of the verb. Examples are provided for each tense.
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The document contrasts the preterite and imperfect past tenses in Spanish. It explains that the preterite is used for completed actions at specific times or numbers of times, while the imperfect is used for descriptions, ongoing actions, and habitual actions. It provides memory devices like SIMBA and DARE TWO B U to help remember the uses of each tense. Examples are given of verbs that change meaning depending on the tense used. Practice sentences are included at the end to distinguish between the preterite and imperfect.
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This document discusses different ways to express future time in English using verb forms. There are four main verb forms: future with "will", future with "going to", future progressive, and simple future. Each form is used to indicate a different nuance about the timing or certainty of a future event. Examples are provided to illustrate the affirmative, negative, and question forms for each future verb construction.
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The document summarizes direct and reported speech. It discusses how to adjust person, place, time and verb tense when changing direct to reported speech. Examples are provided of changing direct questions and statements to reported questions and statements. Finally, there is a practice section that provides direct speech quotes from Romeo and Juliet and asks the reader to change them to reported speech.
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This document provides instruction on forming impersonal passives in Spanish. It explains that impersonal passives are used to talk about something without specifying the subject or agent. The document outlines the steps to form impersonal passives in the present, future, past, present perfect, and past perfect tenses. Examples are provided for each tense, showing how to identify the subject being discussed and convert the verbs into the appropriate passive form for that tense.
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The document discusses several topics related to verbs in English and Spanish:
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2) It also discusses irregular verbs which do not follow predictable patterns.
3) Modal verbs like "can", "will" are described as helping verbs used with other verbs to express opinions or possibilities.
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This document discusses reported speech, also known as indirect speech. Reported speech refers to recounting what someone else has said by making certain changes to the tense, pronouns, time and place references. The key rules for reported speech include changing the verb tenses, pronouns, words referring to time and place, and using reporting verbs like "said", "told", or "asked" depending on whether it is a statement or question.
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The document discusses the changes that occur when direct speech is reported as indirect speech. It notes that verbs change from present to past tense, adverbs of time change to reflect the new tense, and modal verbs like "will" change to "would". Reporting questions and commands also follows specific patterns outlined in the document.
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The document discusses different ways to talk about past and present habits in English. It explains that "used to" is used to describe past habits or states that no longer exist. It also notes that "would" can refer to repeated past actions but not states. Additionally, the past simple tense can describe past habits. For present habits, the present simple or continuous tense are used, sometimes with frequency adverbs or "always."
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This document provides a lesson plan for teaching travel and transport vocabulary to teenagers and adults. The lesson involves students role-playing buying tickets for a journey. Students are divided into groups and each group completes a dialogue for purchasing tickets to different destinations using different modes of transportation. The groups then perform their dialogues for the class. Vocabulary is reinforced through warm-up activities like transport pictionary and a follow-up sentence hangman game. Worksheets are used to structure the role-plays and for other students to listen and fill in information about each group's journey.
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This document provides a conversion table for changing direct speech into indirect speech depending on whether the tense is present, past or includes adverbs/adverbial phrases of time and place. It also provides examples of how to report commands, questions and statements indirectly.
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Hypothetical meaning
The document discusses different verb forms used with common expressions involving wishes, preferences, hypothetical situations, and the passage of time. It explains that "wish + past simple" expresses wishes that have not come true, "wish + would/could" refers to general future wishes, and "wish + past perfect" refers to past regrets. It also outlines the similar uses of "if only" and how "it's time" refers to present or future actions that should have happened earlier.
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This document provides information about a learning activity that teaches the difference between direct and indirect/reported speech. The activity includes concept notes explaining the key differences, such as direct speech using quotation marks while indirect speech does not. It also lists the rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech, such as changing verb tenses and pronouns. Examples are provided to illustrate these changes. The activity also includes exercises for students to practice converting between direct and indirect speech.
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The document discusses direct and reported speech. Direct speech reports what was said verbatim, using quotation marks, while reported speech reports the essence of what was said without exact words. Reported speech often changes verb tenses and pronouns to reflect when the speaking occurred. The document provides examples of how direct speech converts to reported speech by changing verb forms and pronouns.
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The document discusses reported speech, which is used to tell someone else what another person said without using their exact words. It explains that when changing direct speech to reported speech, verb tenses change and words referring to place and time are altered. Conjunctions like "that" or "if" are also used depending on whether it is a statement, question, order, or suggestion. Finally, common reporting verbs are provided that indicate whether the original speech was a statement, question, order, or suggestion.
Presentación PowerPoint sobre REPORTED SPEECH
This document provides an overview of reported speech, also known as indirect speech. It explains that reported speech is used to tell someone what another person said without using their exact words. Examples are given of changing direct quotes into indirect reported statements and questions by modifying pronouns, verbs, and time/place expressions. Common reporting verbs like say, tell, ask are discussed. The document concludes with exercises to practice changing direct speech into reported speech.
Reported speech bach summary
This document discusses reported speech, which is used to report what someone has said without using direct quotes. It explains the tense changes that occur when changing from direct to reported speech, such as changing present to past tense. It also covers changes to pronouns and time/place expressions. Examples are provided to illustrate reporting statements, questions, imperatives and using different reporting verbs like say, tell, ask.
Reported speech bach summary
This document discusses reported speech and how to change direct quotes into indirect reported statements, questions, and imperatives. It explains that verbs, pronouns, time and place expressions need to change to past tense when converting direct speech to reported speech. Reporting verbs like say, tell, ask are used to introduce the reported clause. Questions can be reported with if/whether and keeping the wh- word. Imperatives change the verb to the to-infinitive form.
Reported speech
He said that he had lost his umbrella.
The document provides information on how to report or indirectly quote someone's speech by changing pronouns, expressions of time and place, verbs, and direct versus indirect questions. It focuses on reporting speech accurately while changing the exact words.
Reported speech, statements, questions, requests
1. The document describes the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in English. It explains how to change verb tenses, pronouns, time/place expressions, and question forms.
2. Key changes include changing present tenses to past, changing pronouns like "I" to "he/she", and changing words like "here" and "now" to "there" and "then". Question word order is maintained but question marks are only used with introductory phrases.
3. Reporting verbs are categorized based on whether they are followed by clauses with "if/whether", "that", or "to-infinitives". Common reporting verbs and their structures are listed for different
Reported speech
The document discusses how to change direct speech into reported speech. It explains that pronouns, verb tenses, time and place expressions need to be changed depending on whether the speech is being reported or was direct. Examples are provided to illustrate changing direct questions, statements, commands and requests into the corresponding reported form by using reporting verbs and making the necessary grammatical changes.
Reported Speech
The document discusses the differences between direct and reported speech. When reporting what someone said, you retell it in your own words rather than verbatim. This involves changing verb tenses and pronouns to reflect when the statement was made rather than when it is being reported. Common changes include changing the present tense to past tense, changing pronouns like "I" and "you" to "she" and "her", and adjusting time and place adverbials. Reporting questions and commands also involves changing them to indirect statements and clauses.
Reportedspeech2
The document provides guidelines for changing direct speech (using exact words) to indirect speech (reporting the general idea without using the exact words) in English. It discusses how to change pronouns, expressions of time and place, verbs, tenses, questions, statements, requests and orders, and expressions of intentions like apologies, thanks, suggestions and admissions. For indirect speech, pronouns and verbs change to reflect the speaker, time expressions are modified, and question forms become statements. Requests and orders are followed by an infinitive verb rather than a gerund in indirect speech.
reportedspeech.pptx
The document discusses the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in English. It covers changing verb tenses and time/place expressions appropriately. It also addresses how to report questions, requests, orders, statements, and suggestions indirectly using various reporting verbs like said, asked, ordered etc. while maintaining the meaning.
Reportedspeech
The document discusses the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in English. It explains that the tense usually backshifts when changing to indirect speech, except when the statement refers to something still true. It also covers changing other elements like pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and question forms. Verbs commonly used to report speech and the structures they take are categorized.
Reported speech
This document discusses direct and indirect (reported) speech in English grammar. It provides examples of how to change direct speech into indirect speech, including changing pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and verb tenses. It also covers reporting statements, questions, commands, requests, exclamations and other speech types in indirect speech. The document is intended as a guide for properly transforming direct quotations into reported speech.
Reported speech
This document provides information on direct and indirect (or reported) speech in English grammar. It discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech and outlines the typical changes that are necessary when converting direct speech into indirect speech, such as changing pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and verb tenses. It also covers reporting statements, questions, commands, requests, exclamations and other speech types in indirect form.
Reported speech-2
This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect (or reported) speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report someone's exact words, while indirect speech conveys the general meaning without necessarily using the exact words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, some grammatical changes are usually required, such as changing pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and verb tenses. The document provides detailed guidelines on how to change different types of constructions like statements, questions, commands, and exclamations into the corresponding indirect speech constructions.
Reported speech and reporting verbs for Upper-Intermediate levels
The document provides information on how to change direct speech to indirect speech in English. It discusses changing verb tenses, pronouns, time and place expressions, question forms, conditional statements, exclamations, and reporting verbs when converting direct to indirect speech.
Reported speech bach
The document discusses how to report speech in indirect or reported speech. It explains that reported speech does not use quotation marks and the tense and pronouns are usually changed. For example, changing "I'm going to the cinema" to "He said he was going to the cinema." It provides examples of how to change the tense of different verb forms and change pronouns and time/place expressions when reporting speech. It also discusses how to report statements, questions, suggestions and imperatives.
Reported Speech
Here are the verbs in the passive voice:
1. He was accused of stealing money from the company.
2. I offered to help him, but he said he could manage.
3. He apologized for having lost his temper with me.
4. His boss threatened to sack him if he was late one more time.
5. Will you remind me to get some more petrol before we leave?
6. Of course, she denies being anywhere near the scene of the crime.
7. He warned the children not to walk on the frozen lake.
8. Her family insisted on the entire holiday being paid for.
Similar to Indirect speech (20)
Reported speech and reporting verbs for Upper-Intermediate levels
Reported speech and reporting verbs for Upper-Intermediate levels
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Basic types of conditionals
There are three main types of conditionals: real, predictive, and unreal. Real conditionals express factual events, predictive conditionals express likely future events, and unreal conditionals express unlikely or impossible events. Each type uses different verb tenses and structures depending on whether the condition is possible, likely, unlikely, or impossible. It is also possible to mix conditionals by having the if clause refer to one time frame and the main clause refer to another.
Have and get something done
Jill's roof was damaged in a storm so she arranged for a workman to repair it. The document explains that using "have/get something done" means arranging for someone else to do a task rather than doing it yourself, as Jill had the roof repaired by a workman instead of repairing it herself. Examples are provided to illustrate using "have/get" followed by an object and past participle to indicate someone else performing an action.
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Writing reference
The document provides guidance on writing for different types of assignments. It discusses the key elements for different genres including stories, reports, articles, letters, essays, and reviews. For each genre, it outlines the expected structure and content, such as using paragraphs in a story, including an introduction and headings in a report, and presenting both sides of an argument in an essay. The document also provides sample answers for reference.
Passive
The document discusses the difference between active and passive verbs. It provides examples showing that active verbs indicate what the subject does, while passive verbs indicate what happens to the subject. The passive voice often omits the person or thing performing the action. It then explains the construction of passive voice sentences and compares active and passive verb forms across different tenses.
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Indirect speech
- 1. INDIRECT SPEECH When we report something that has being said or written DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH Present Simple /continuous Past Simple / continuous “I LIKE YOUR SHOES, KATE,” SAID JACK JACK SAID HE LIKED KATE´S SHOES. Past Simple / Continuous Past simple / continuous or past perfect simple/continuous “I SAW THEM ADVERTISED ON TV,” SAID KATE SAID SHE SAW / HAD SEEN THEM KATE ADVERTISED ON TV Present Perfect Simple / Continuous Past Perfect Simple / Continuous “I’VE BOUGHT A HAT,” HELEN TOLD ME VE HELEN TOLD ME (THAT) SHE HAD BOUGHT A HAT WILL WOULD “I’LL TAKE YOU IF YOU WANT,” SHE SAID I’LL SHE SAID SHE WOULD TAKE ME IF I WANTED MUST (OBLIGATION) HAD TO “YOU MUST BUY A TICKET,”HE SAID HE SAID THAT WE HAD TO BUY A TICKET CAN COULD “I CAN SPEAK SPANISH WELL,” SHE SAID SPEAK SHE SAID SHE COULD SPEAK SPANISH WELL
- 2. * The verb form does not need to change when: - the situation being reported is unchanged “Bananas are good for energy,” said the doctor The doctor told us that bananas are good for energy. - the thing reported contains the modals would, could, might, ought to and should or must for logical deductions. “I ought to buy a new car,” she said She said she ought to buy a new car. “You should study for the test,” she told me She told me I should study for the test - the thing being reported contains the past perfect “ He had already taken a shower,” she said She said he had already taken a shower. REPORTED QUESTIONS - Reported Yes / No questions We use if / whether “Could I borrow your bike?” she asked She asked if / whether she could borrow my bike.
- 3. - Reported Wh- questions The wh- is followed by statement word order (subject + verb) instead of question word order. “Why did you leave that job?” she asked him She asked him why he had left that job. REPORTED ORDERS “ Please open your bag”, said the police officer The police officer told / ordered me to open my bag - (verb + object + infinitive with to) REPORTED RECOMMENDATIONS “I’d buy the red coat,” my friend said My friend recommended buying the red coat – recommend + -ing My friend recommended (that) I buy the red coat – recommend + (that) + clause REPORTED SUGGESTIONS “Let’s pay half each,” she said She suggested paying half each. She suggested we paid half each She suggested that we should pay half each NOT: She suggested to pay / suggested us to pay half each
- 4. Other changes that occur in reported speech are: DIRECT DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH Tomorrow The next day, the day after, the following day “I’ll go tomorrow he said tomorrow,” He said he would go the following day Yesterday The day before, the previous day “He washed it yesterday she said yesterday,” She said he washed / had washed it the previous day Last week The week before here There This morning That morning today That day Next Friday The following Friday ago before