Hypothetical meaning
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The document discusses various conditional structures used to express hypothetical meanings and wishes in English: 1. Wish + past simple expresses wishes that have not come true or may come true in the future. 2. Wish + would and could refer to general future wishes. Wish + would also expresses wishes for other people. 3. Wish + past perfect refers to things one regrets from the past. "If only" expresses stronger feelings and is used to criticize others. 4. "It's time" uses past simple to say an action should have been done. "Would rather" expresses preferences. 5. "Suppose" uses various verb forms to describe hypothetical situations. "As if" implications
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Expressing wishes and regrets and preference in English
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The document discusses the different uses of past tenses when expressing wishes, regrets, and hypothetical situations in English. It explains that:
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- "If only" can also be used instead of "wish" to talk about unrealistic wishes or hypothetical past situations, and implies more emphasis.
- "Would rather" with a subject and past tense expresses preference.
- "It's time" with a subject implies something needs to be done now or soon.
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The document discusses relative clauses and their usage. It defines relative clauses as clauses that provide additional information about a person or thing mentioned elsewhere in the sentence. It notes the different relative pronouns used in relative clauses like who, which, that, whose, when, why, where, and whom. It also discusses the position and omission of relative pronouns in sentences. The document provides examples of different types of relative clauses and their proper usage.
E1 talking about_the_future
The document discusses different ways to talk about the future in English using future tenses like will, be going to, present continuous, future continuous, and future perfect. It explains the different meanings and uses of each tense, including expressing plans and predictions, voluntary actions, promises, scheduled events, fixed arrangements, interrupted actions, duration before an event, and completed actions before a future time. Examples are provided to illustrate the proper usage of each future form.
uses of tenses
This document discusses the uses of different verb tenses in English including:
- Simple Present, Past, and Future Tenses
- Present, Past, and Future Continuous Tenses
- Present Perfect, Past Perfect, and Future Perfect Tenses
- Present Perfect Continuous and Past Perfect Continuous Tenses
- Future Perfect Continuous Tense
It provides examples and explanations of when each tense is used to describe actions, situations, or states in the present, past and future.
English!!!
The document discusses several English verb tenses and modal verbs used to talk about the future, including will, be going to, may, might, present continuous, and present simple. It provides examples of how each is used, when each is used to indicate plans, predictions, possibilities, habits and other meanings. It also compares the uses of will and be going to as well as may and might. The document aims to explain the proper uses and meanings of these English verb constructions.
Clase 6 - MODAL AND CONDITIONALS.pptx
The document discusses the different types of conditional sentences in English:
1) Zero conditional uses the present tense and refers to general truths.
2) First conditional uses "will" to talk about possible future events.
3) Second conditional uses "would" to talk about unlikely present or future situations.
4) Third conditional uses "would have" to talk about hypothetical past situations with different outcomes.
5) Mixed conditionals combine past and present/future tenses to discuss imagined past events with present results.
A.g.n.sudath
This document discusses conditional sentences, also known as "if" sentences. It explains that conditional sentences have two clauses: the if-clause and the main clause. It also describes the four types of conditional sentences: zero, first, second, and third conditional. Each type uses different verb tenses depending on whether the condition is possible, probable, unlikely, or impossible. Examples are provided to illustrate the different conditional sentence structures and their meanings.
Causatives and modals
This document discusses causatives and modal verbs in the past tense. It defines causatives as sentences where the subject causes an action to happen through someone else. Common causative verbs are "make", "have", and "get". Modal verbs in the past tense are used hypothetically to talk about possible or imagined past events, including "could have", "might have", "should have", and "would have". Examples are provided for the different causative and modal verb constructions.
Pronouns
This document provides information and examples about the use of pronouns in English. It discusses generic pronouns like you, one, we and they which can be used to refer to people in general. It also covers reflexive and reciprocal pronouns like myself, yourself, each other and one another. Finally, it examines the uses of the pronouns it and there, noting that it is used with be to talk about time, temperature, distance or as a preparatory subject, while there indicates existence or presence. The document aims to clarify the appropriate uses of different pronouns through examples.
Grammar presentations rafaela
This document discusses the use of adverbs and verbs, specifically adverbs expressing certainty and frequency used with verbs. It provides examples of commonly used adverbs of certainty like definitely, certainly, and probably and how they are placed with verbs like "be", auxiliary verbs, and in negation clauses. Examples are given for exercises placing adverbs in the correct position. The document also discusses using adverbs of frequency, modal auxiliary verbs like should and could, the future tense with "going to", the past perfect tense, and special uses of verbs followed by a gerund and the preposition "to".
Conditionals and wishes
Here are wishes for the sentences:
- You want to ask a friend to help you, but he’s out of the country.
- I wish my friend was here to help me.
Similar to Hypothetical meaning (20)
New English File - adapted unit 3 C_unreal uses of the past
New English File - adapted unit 3 C_unreal uses of the past
relativeclauses5-140415015521-phpapp02 (1) (1).pptx
relativeclauses5-140415015521-phpapp02 (1) (1).pptx
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Participle clauses
Participle clauses can be used to make writing more concise. An "-ing" participle clause has an active meaning and can replace a relative clause with an active verb, while an "-ed" participle clause has a passive meaning and can replace a relative clause with a passive verb. Examples are provided to illustrate replacing relative clauses with participle clauses.
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The document discusses different ways to talk about past and present habits in English. It explains that "used to" is used to describe past habits or states that no longer exist. It also notes that "would" can refer to repeated past actions but not states. Additionally, the past simple tense can describe past habits. For present habits, the present simple or continuous tense are used, sometimes with frequency adverbs or "always."
Basic types of conditionals
There are three main types of conditionals: real, predictive, and unreal. Real conditionals express factual events, predictive conditionals express likely future events, and unreal conditionals express unlikely or impossible events. Each type uses different verb tenses and structures depending on whether the condition is possible, likely, unlikely, or impossible. It is also possible to mix conditionals by having the if clause refer to one time frame and the main clause refer to another.
Indirect speech
The document discusses the changes that occur when direct speech is reported as indirect speech. It notes that verbs change from present to past tense, adverbs of time change to reflect the new tense, and modal verbs like "will" change to "would". Reporting questions and commands also follows specific patterns outlined in the document.
Modal verbs possibility and certainty
This document discusses the use of modal verbs to express possibility and certainty in English. It outlines how "can", "could", and "may", "might" are used to talk about theoretical possibility or likelihood of present and future events. It also explains how "may", "might", "could" plus the past participle are used to discuss the possibility of past events. Finally, it notes that "must" is used to express certainty about present and past situations, while "can't" and "couldn't" are used for negative statements of certainty.
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The document discusses the changes that occur when direct speech is reported as indirect speech. It explains that verbs change from present to past tense unless the situation being reported remains unchanged. It also covers changes to pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and question and reporting structures. Indirect speech follows specific rules to report what was said or written while observing consistency in tense, pronouns and other elements.
Have and get something done
Jill's roof was damaged in a storm so she arranged for a workman to repair it. The document explains that using "have/get something done" means arranging for someone else to do a task rather than doing it yourself, as Jill had the roof repaired by a workman instead of repairing it herself. Examples are provided to illustrate using "have/get" followed by an object and past participle to indicate someone else performing an action.
Cambridge english first information
Cambridge English: First, also known as First Certificate in English (FCE), tests an upper-intermediate level of everyday written and spoken English skills needed for work or study. The exam consists of four papers: Reading, Writing, Use of English, and Listening. Candidates must demonstrate the ability to understand various texts and spoken materials, produce different types of writing, and accurately use English grammar and vocabulary. Test takers receive a separate grade for each paper and an overall exam result.
Basic types of conditionals
There are three main types of conditionals: real, predictive, and unreal. Real conditionals express factual events, predictive conditionals express likely future events, and unreal conditionals express unlikely or impossible events. Each type uses different verb tenses and structures depending on whether the condition is real, likely, unlikely, or impossible. It is also possible to mix conditionals by having the if clause refer to one time frame and the main clause refer to another.
Writing reference
The document provides guidance on writing for different types of assignments. It discusses the key elements for different genres including stories, reports, articles, letters, essays, and reviews. For each genre, it outlines the expected structure and content, such as using paragraphs in a story, including an introduction and headings in a report, and presenting both sides of an argument in an essay. The document also provides sample answers for reference.
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The document discusses the difference between active and passive verbs. It provides examples showing that active verbs indicate what the subject does, while passive verbs indicate what happens to the subject. The passive voice often omits the person or thing performing the action. It then explains the construction of passive voice sentences and compares active and passive verb forms across different tenses.
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This document provides a lesson plan for teaching travel and transport vocabulary to teenagers and adults. The lesson involves students role-playing buying tickets for a journey. Students are divided into groups and each group completes a dialogue for purchasing tickets to different destinations using different modes of transportation. The groups then perform their dialogues for the class. Vocabulary is reinforced through warm-up activities like transport pictionary and a follow-up sentence hangman game. Worksheets are used to structure the role-plays and for other students to listen and fill in information about each group's journey.
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Hypothetical meaning
- 1. HYPOTHETICAL MEANING 1- We use wish + past simple to express a wish that has not come true in the present or to talk about wishes that might come true in the future. We use this structure when we want our own situation (or the situation of the person who is doing the wishing) to be different: I wish Eleanor liked me. Don’t you wish you had a big car? I wish she was/were going out with me. We all wish the weather wasn’t/weren’t so bad. 2- We use wish + would and could to refer to general wishes for the future. I wish the sun would shine. I wish I could be in the basketball team. 3- Wish + would is used to talk about wishes we have for other people. I wish my sister would stop smoking. I wish she wouldn’t chew gum all the time. WATCH OUT!: This form is not often used with I or we. To talk about wishes we have for ourselves we use could. I wish I could have a holiday. 4- We use wish + past perfect to refer to things we are sorry about in the past. I wish I had been invited to the party. She wishes she hadn’t told him about Carlo.
- 2. • IF ONLY If only is used with the same verb forms as wish, and is used when your feelings are stronger. It is often used with an exclamation mark (!). It is often used with would/wouldn’t to criticize someone else’s behavior. If only I could find the answer! If only they would stop talking! If only I had never met him! • IT’S TIME It’s time is used with the past simple to talk about the present or the future. We mean that the action should have been done before. For emphasis, we can also say It’s about time and It’s high time. It’s (about) time you started revising for the exam. It’s (high)time we set off. The train leaves in half an hour. • WOULD RATHER 1- We use would rather + past simple to say what we want someone or something else to do in the present or future. I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone about this. Would you rather I asked someone else? I’d rather we didn’t discuss that, if you don’t mind. 2- We use would rather + past perfect to say what we wanted to happen in the past. I’d rather you hadn’t told her that. I’d rather you had asked me first. Note: would rather + infinitive without to is used to talk about our or other people’s preferences in the present or future. I’d rather go to the concert than to the opera.
- 3. They’d rather go on foot. • SUPPOSE/WHAT IF Suppose means What if…? It is used with: 1- The present simple to describe something that may possibly happen or may have happened. Suppose someone sees her with us. Suppose someone hears you coming in. 2- The past simple to talk about something that is just imagination or which is unlikely to happen in the future. Suppose Eleanor knew you loved her. What would you do? Suppose you won the prize. How would you feel? 3- The past perfect to talk about something that could have happened in the past but didn’t. Suppose we hadn’t told her. Do you think she would have found out? Suppose you had married Carlos. Would you have been happy together? • AS IF/AS THOUGH As if and as though can be followed by the present tense to talk about something that is likely to be true. When followed by the past tense, the implication is that the situation is unlikely. You look as if you are hungry. (likely) He talks as if he knew all about it. (unlikely)