The document discusses reported speech, which is used to tell someone else what another person said without using their exact words. It explains that when changing direct speech to reported speech, verb tenses change and words referring to place and time are altered. Conjunctions like "that" or "if" are also used depending on whether it is a statement, question, order, or suggestion. Finally, common reporting verbs are provided that indicate whether the original speech was a statement, question, order, or suggestion.

1. REPORTED SPEECH
Use
The Reported Speech is used to tell what another person said without reproducing
his/her own words
Changes in tenses
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Present Simple Past Simple
‘I live in Huelva’ She said that she lived in Huelva
Present Continuous Past Continuous
‘I’m reading a novel’ She said that she was reading a novel
Past Simple Past Perfect Simple
‘I found my keys’ She said that she had found her keys
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
‘I was watching the news’ She said that she had been watching the news
Present Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple
‘I have written two books’ She said that she had written two books
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
‘I’ve been singing for ten years’ She said that she had been singing for ten years
Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple
‘I had been there before’ She said that she had been there before
Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
‘I had been waiting for you’ She said that she had been waiting for me
Future Simple Would
‘I will live in Paris’ She said that she would live in Paris
Be going to Was/were going to
‘I’m going to win’ She said that she was going to win
Can Could
‘I can sing very well’ She said that she could sing very well
May Might
‘You may pass the English exam’ She said that I might pass the English exam
Must/have to Had to
‘I must study’ She said that she had to study
Changes in other words or expressions
Direct Speech Reported Speech
now then
today That day
tonight That night
yesterday The day before/ the previous day
tomorrow The day after/ the following day
Last week/ month/ year The week/ month/ year before
Next week/ month/ Saturday The week/ month/ Saturday after
here There
this That
these Those
come Go
Carmen Pérez Rodríguez

2. Conjunctions
Statements: that
‘I work in a hospital’ He said that he worked in a hospital
Yes/no questions: if
‘Are you coming with us?’ She asked me if I was going with them
Wh- questions: Wh- particle (when, who, how often…)
‘What will you do?’ He wanted to know what I would do
Orders/ requests: to + infinitive
Not to + infinitive
‘Throw the gun and don’t move’
The police ordered him to throw the gun and not to move
Suggestions: that
‘Let’s go for a walk’
He suggested that we go for a walk/ He suggested going for a walk
Reporting verbs
Statements: say, tell, admit, announce, answer, apologise, claim, complain,
declare, explain, inform, insist, mention, offer, remind, reply, state…
Questions: ask, question, interrogate, wonder, enquire, request, want to know…
Orders: order, demand, shout, warn, threat, beg…
Suggestions: advice, invite, recommend, suggest…
Carmen Pérez Rodríguez