The document discusses the passive voice in English grammar. It is divided into active and passive voice. The passive voice is used when we want to emphasize the object or when the subject is unknown. It then provides examples of using the passive voice in simple present, past, and future tenses as well as continuous, perfect, and modal auxiliary verbs. The passive voice always uses "by" to introduce the passive object, but it can be omitted when the subject is obvious or unimportant.

1. welcome

2. passive voice English Grammar 142 Present by: Entisar Gharawi . Instructor: Shadia Banjar.

3. In grammar, voice is divided in to: Passive voice Active voice the cat eats the meat The meat is eaten by the cat

4. Use of the Passive Voice : We use the passive when: we want to make the object more important . The car was repaired by Sam. we do not know the subject . He was killed with a gun.

5. SIMPLE PRESENT, SIMPLE PAST and SIMPLE FUTURE The active object becomes the passive subject. am/is/are + past participle was/were + past participle Will \going to + be + past participle Passive: Simple Present I am fascinated by the movie. Jack is bored by the movie. They are surprised by the movie. Active: Simple Present The movie fascinates me. The movie bores Jack. The movie surprises them . Passive: Simple Past I was bored by the movie. Jack was fascinated by the movie. They were surprised by the movie. Active: Simple Past The movie bored me. The movie fascinated Jack. The movie surprised them. Passive: Simple Future The work will be finished by 5:00 PM. A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. Active: Simple Future Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM. Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.

6. PRESENT, PAST and FUTURE CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) Passive form: am/is/are + being + past participle was/were + being + past participle Will \going to+ be + being + past participle Active: Present Continuous I am helping Shannon. June is helping Su and Ling. Active: Past Continuous The cat was eating the meat They were eating the apple . Susan was eating the fruit and vegetable. Passive: Present Continuous Shannon is being helped by me. Su and Ling are being helped by June. Passive: Past Continuous The meat was being eaten by the cat The apple was being eaten by them. The fruit and vegetable were being eaten by Susan. Passive :Future Continuous At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John. At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are going to be being washed by John Active: Future Continuous At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes. At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes.

7. PRESENT PERFECT, PAST PERFECT and FUTURE PERFECT Passive form : have/has been + past participle had been + past participle Will \ going to + have been+ past participle Passive: Present Perfect The gift has been mailed by me. The gifts have been mailed by Jack. Active: Present Perfect I have mailed the gift. Jack has mailed the gift s . Passive: Past Perfect The movie had been directed by Steven Spielberg. The movies had been directed by Penny Marshall. Active: Past Perfect Steven Spielberg had directed the movie. Penny Marshall had directed those movies. Passive: Future Perfect The project will have been finished by next month. The projects will have been finished before then. Active: Future Perfect John will have finished the project next month. They will have finished the projects before then.

8. passive Voice with MODAL AUXIARIES modal + be + past participle Passive: WILL / WON'T Tom will be invited to the party by Sharon. Jeff won't be invited to the party by Sharon. Active: WILL / WON'T Sharon will invite Tom to the party. Sharon won't invite Jeff to the party. Passive: CAN / CAN'T (CAN NOT) The cake can be made by Mai. The future can't be foretold by Terry. Active: CAN / CAN'T (CAN NOT) Mai can make the cake . Terry can't foretell the future. Passive: MAY / MAY NOT Katya may be given a new office by her company. The homework may not be done by the lazy students. MIGHT / MIGHT NOT Katya might be given a new office by her company. The homework might not be done by the lazy students. Active: MAY / MAY NOT Her company may give Katya a new office. The lazy students may not do the homework. MIGHT / MIGHT NOT Her company might give Katya a new office. The lazy students might not do the homework. Passive: SHOULD / SHOULDN'T English verbs should be memorized by students. Cigarettes shouldn't be smoked by children. Active: SHOULD / SHOULDN'T Students should memorize English verbs. Children shouldn't smoke cigarettes. Passive: OUGHT TO English verbs ought to be memorized by students. Active: OUGHT TO Students ought to learn English verbs.

9. Note we always use by to introduce the passive object: Fish are eaten by cats BUT When can we use by? Include by+ agent only if the subject of the active voice sentence is important. If the subject is obvious or unimportant, omit it. Many passive sentence do not Include by+ agent . Focus on doer Focus on event Galileo first used the telescope in astronomy Active the telescope was first used in astronomy by Galileo. Passive Somebody killed him with a gun . Active He was killed with a gun. Passive

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11. REFERENCES: Interactions2 Grammar book . www.commnet.edu www.englishpage.com www.englishclub.com