The document discusses the present perfect continuous and past perfect tenses. [1] The present perfect continuous tense uses "have/has been + verb+ing" to describe an action that began in the past and has recent completion or is still ongoing. It can express duration. [2] The past perfect tense uses "had + past participle" to describe an action that was completed before another past action. The first action expressed must be in the past perfect tense. [3] The simple past tense can be used with two actions to indicate one occurred shortly after the other without specifying which came first.

1. Present Perfect Continuous and
Past Perfect
Prof Marcos Dias

2. Present Perfect Continuous
 have
been + ing
 has
I have been talking.
She has been working.
They have been living here.

3. Expressa uma ação que começou no
passado e terminou recentemente.
 You’re eyes are red. You have been crying.
 She is wearing her uniform.
She has been studying at school.
 The children are making a snow man. It has
been snowing.
 George’s hair is wet. He has been taking a
shower.

4. Expressa uma ação que começou no
passado e anda continua no presente.
I have been living in São Bento for 8 years.
 You have been sitting here since 9:30 a.m.
 The student have been playing soccer for
one hour.
 The maid has been cleaning the house since
7:30 a.m.
Or: The maid has cleaned the house since 7:30
a.m.

5. To know, to like, to believe
 Normalmente não usamos formas contínuas:
How long have you believed in him?
Mas:
How long have Will and Carol been fixing the
TV?

6. Não confunda: Present Perfect com
Present Perfect Continuous
 Henry has eaten. (ação já terminada)
 Henryhas been eating since he arrived at
home. (ação não terminada, ele ainda está
comendo)

7. Não confunda: Perfect Continuous
com Present Perfect Continuous
 Theyare smoking right now. (indica que a
ação está acontecendo no momento)
 Theyhave been smoking lately. (indica que a
ação tem acontencido ultimamente, mas não
necessariamente no momento.)

8. Past Perfect Tense
 had + past participle
She had eaten a lot yesterday.
Monica hadn’t written the letter.
Harry had answered the telephone.
Cecile and Matthew hadn’t said any bad words.

9. Indica uma ação completamente passada,
anterior à outra também expressa no
passado.
A ação que aconteceu primeiro é que se
expressa com o Past Perfect Tense:
They had taken a shower when Mary woke up.
Peter had arrived before we left home.
I had called them after they had lunch.

10. Simple Past Tense + Simple Past
Tense
 When I opened the window, the cat went out.
 When Carl parked the car, the woman
entered in it.
Uma ação ocorreu logo após a outra.