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This chapter discusses how to become an informed healthcare consumer. It covers various sources of health information including friends, media, practitioners, and reference materials. It also describes different types of healthcare providers and facilities as well as important healthcare topics like insurance, medications, advanced directives, and avoiding fraud.
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This chapter discusses how to become an informed health care consumer. It covers various sources of health information including friends, media, practitioners, and publications. It also explains why people consult health care providers such as for diagnosis, treatment, screening, and prevention. The chapter describes different types of health care practitioners like physicians, chiropractors, acupuncturists, and complementary and alternative medicine providers. It provides an overview of health care facilities, costs, products, and becoming more engaged in self-care.
Review
Managed care organizations provide coverage for approved treatments with low out-of-pocket costs for patients and encourage preventative care. Group medical practices share liability. HIPAA regulates privacy of protected health information and medical practice acts protect patients from unqualified providers. Common bioethical issues involve reproductive technologies and end-of-life care. Maintaining professionalism, confidentiality, and obtaining informed consent reduces litigation risks.
Chapter13
This slide corresponds with Wrench, McCroskey, and Richmond's (2008) Human Communication in Everyday Life: Explanations and Applications published by Allyn and Bacon.
Intro medethics4thyear
This document provides an introduction to medical ethics, including:
1) Defining medical ethics and its scope in medical practice.
2) Outlining various theories and principles of medical ethics such as beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice.
3) Discussing the duties of doctors to uphold good standards of practice and care for patients.
Medical Ethics
This document discusses various topics relating to medical ethics theories and principles, including:
- The scope of ethics in medical practice and various theories like deontological and consequentialist.
- Key principles like beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, truth-telling, confidentiality, and preservation of life.
- Issues around euthanasia, living wills, resource allocation, and contraception for minors.
Write a 100-word reply to the 4 individual questions below.  .docx
**Write a 100-word reply to the 4 individual questions below.**Â Â
To help you with your discussion, please consider the following questions:Â Â
What clarification do you need regarding the posting? Â
What differences or similarities do you see between your posting and other classmates' postings? Â
What additional questions do you have after reading the posting? Â
What item you found to be compelling and enlightening.  Â
1.Katrina- In my opinion the court decision is warranted because, doctors are not obligated to disclose to patients “miracle treatments” or any drug or treatment not yet approved by the FDA. Now there are cases where FDA approved drugs have been used in specific treatments that isn’t approved for that particular drug this is called “off label drugs”. The use of non-FDA approve medicines increases the physician chance of medical malpractice liability. These particular drugs and/or treatment were illegal and not approved by the FDA in the patient state of resident for a reason. Non-FDA approved prescription drugs may present a significant threat to individuals seeking care since these drugs most certainly has not endured evaluation by the FDA for “safety, effectiveness or quality” (FDA.gov). If the FDA did not evaluate drugs, there wouldn’t be any means to determine if these medicines are harmless and beneficial for use. The FDA also evaluates to make certain that prescription drugs are formulated in a way that the drug quality is consistent and if the drugs label is absolute and accurate. FDA unapproved drugs have ensued in injury to the patient. The FDA focus on protecting patients from the injuries associated with non-approved drugs. These standards are put in place to protect both the patient and the physician.Â
The treating physician need not to be held accountable for not advising patients of treatment options that are illegal or not successfully proven because, technically these treatment options are not available to the patient. The informed consent doctrine requires the physician to inform the patient of the benefits, inherent, material risks, and alternatives of a medical intervention. “The doctrine of informed consent is the legal basis for informed consent and is usually outlined in a state’s medical practice acts” (Judson, K 2020). Informed consent entails the patient’s right to receive all pertinent information in relation to the condition and then to make a decision regarding treatment based on that knowledge. (Judson, K 2020). The informed consent doctrine does not include disclosure for illegal treatments or illegal prescription drugs. “The physician's obligation is to give medical facts accurately to the patient and to make recommendations for management in accordance with good medical practice” (AMA 2010). Disclosing illegal treatment options or even illegal prescription drugs do not fall under good medical practices and the physician should not be held responsible for not disclosing this information.
Knowurture for patients
How Knowurture can help patients and caretakers resolve medical uncertainties when faced with chronic, complicated ailments and rare diseases. Sign up at www.knowurture.com
How To Track You Health Care Information
The document discusses the importance of tracking one's own health care information. It notes that having complete and accurate health information can help with communication between a patient and their providers. It then outlines common myths about health information privacy and security. Finally, it recommends using a Health Care Tracker, which is a organized binder or digital system for collecting and storing a patient's medical records, medications, test results, and other important health details.
Legal rights of a patient
Patients have several important legal rights regarding their healthcare. These rights stem from human rights, constitutional rights, consumer protection laws, and medical ethics codes. Some key rights include the right to confidentiality, informed consent, and consideration and respect during treatment. Patients should take steps to protect their rights such as understanding consent forms, requesting medical records, and addressing any complaints at the hospital level before pursuing legal action. Special protections also exist for patients related to HIV/AIDS status, clinical trials participation, and examinations by doctors of a different gender.
Advance Directives
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Components-of-Consumer-Health.pptx
This document provides information about consumer health, including defining key terms like health information, health products, and health services. It discusses reliable and unreliable sources of health information and provides criteria for assessing information. Guidelines are presented for purchasing goods and services wisely. The roles of health professionals, facilities, and insurance are described. The document concludes with assigning students an activity to evaluate health products and present their findings.
LEGAL & ETHICAL ISSUES.ppt
The document discusses legal and ethical issues surrounding end-of-life care, including advance directives. Advance directives allow patients to specify their wishes for future medical treatment and include living wills, Do Not Resuscitate orders, and directives regarding withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments. Living wills were the first advance directive and allowed patients to opt out of extraordinary life-prolonging measures if unable to communicate. Most states have replaced living wills with laws governing directives to physicians, durable powers of attorney for healthcare, and medical powers of attorney. The nurse's role is to be aware of patients' legal directives and wishes, and provide holistic end-of-life care that respects patient and family needs.
Doctors versus Patients
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04 25-13 Patient Access for Florida letter - Weatherford
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medicalethics-210705121534.pdf
This document discusses various topics in medical ethics including:
- The principles of medical ethics including compassion, competence, and patient autonomy.
- Oaths and codes of conduct that physicians must follow such as the Hippocratic Oath and the Declaration of Geneva.
- Approaches to ethical decision making and the role of organizations like the World Medical Association in establishing ethical guidelines.
- Issues involving patient relationships and informed consent.
- Ethical issues at the beginning and end of life such as abortion, euthanasia, and resource allocation.
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Medical ethics
fundamentals of medical ethics, principles, role of wma, informed consent, confidentiality and trust .
ANES 1501 - M11 PPT: Legal Concepts, Risk Management, and Ethical Issues
ANES 1501 - M11 PPT: Legal Concepts, Risk Management, and Ethical IssuesCollege of DuPage Learning Technologies
This document discusses legal concepts, risk management, and ethical issues related to anesthesia technology. It covers topics like intentional and unintentional torts, documentation standards, risk management strategies, medical errors, safety regulations, and ethical decision-making frameworks. The goal is to establish standards and guidelines to minimize liability, prevent harm, and ensure patient well-being.Â
Medical Negligence
This document discusses medical negligence and ethics. It defines key concepts like clinical ethics, law, risk management, informed consent, and medical malpractice. It explains how negligence occurs when a provider deviates from the standard of care. It discusses a patient's burden to prove duty, breach, injury, and damages in negligence cases. It also addresses how ethics is important to avoid legal issues and emphasizes continual education, following standards of care, and the importance of informed consent and patients' understanding in reducing negligence claims.
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Medical interventions can be withdrawn in selective patients with Do Not Resuscitation form signed or in patients with terminal illness based on patients best interest
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Write a 100-word reply to the 4 individual questions below.  .docx
Write a 100-word reply to the 4 individual questions below.  .docx
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04 25-13 Patient Access for Florida letter - Weatherford
04 25-13 Patient Access for Florida letter - Weatherford
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ANES 1501 - M11 PPT: Legal Concepts, Risk Management, and Ethical Issues
ANES 1501 - M11 PPT: Legal Concepts, Risk Management, and Ethical Issues
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State And Calif Govt
California state government shares some similarities with the US federal government, such as having three branches of government. However, there are also differences, like California having a bicameral legislature while the US Congress is bicameral. County governments in California are extensions of state government and provide services like highways, public safety, and justice. City governments can take various forms, with the mayor-council plan being the most widely used form in California cities.
Recall,Initiative, Referendum2
California allows citizens to directly participate in the legislative process through initiatives, referendums, and recalls. While some argue this makes democracy more direct, others counter that these tools are actually used by wealthy elites and special interest groups to push their agendas. Additionally, many initiatives end up being poorly written or invalidated in court due to the public not having sufficient expertise to craft legislation. Overall, there is debate around whether direct democracy through these processes truly empowers citizens or is susceptible to manipulation.
California Politics (Summer06)
The document discusses California's system of direct democracy through initiatives, referendums, and recalls. It provides background on their origins in the early 20th century as a way for citizens to have more direct control over laws and policies. There are arguments that they empower ordinary citizens but also that they are tools that mostly benefit wealthy individuals and organizations. While initiatives allow for progressive laws, some that passed received major funding from conservative groups and targeted immigrant and minority rights. Critics argue citizens may lack expertise to make complex decisions and be swayed by emotions over long-term impacts. Many initiatives are challenged in courts with around half being invalidated.
Political Parties (Notes)
Political parties seek to attain political power within a government by participating in electoral campaigns. Major factors like representation systems and constitutions impact a country's party structure, determining whether it will be one-party, two-party, or multi-party. Key political cleavages like state vs. church form the basis for parties that remain influential over time despite new issues. The US Constitution is silent on parties because the founders saw them as corrupt, but parties have come to dominate US politics organized around ideologies like conservative vs. liberal economics. Major historical US parties include the Federalists, Democratic-Republicans, Whigs, and modern Republican and Democratic parties.
Political Parties
Political parties are important organizations in a democracy that seek to attain political power. They mobilize public support, organize and run elections, recruit candidates, and present alternative policy positions. While the US Constitution does not mention political parties, they have become integral to the structure and functioning of government by accepting responsibility for governing when in power and acting as opposition when not. The major US parties are currently the Republican and Democratic parties, which differ in their ideological stances but both aim to unite segments of the population behind their agenda.
Voter Behaviour
Voter turnout in the US is low for several reasons. Factors like religion, marital status, and having children influence how voters cast their ballots. The Democratic party has traditionally relied on four pillars of support - Roosevelt intellectuals, the Catholic Church, labor unions, and African Americans. However, outreach to Catholics and unions has declined. To win national elections, Democrats need to capture over 60% of moderate voters as the electorate has become more polarized. Candidates try to appeal to moderates and show respect for rural values to win their support.
Political Parties Iii
Political parties are important in a democracy to organize candidates, present alternative policy options to voters, and help mobilize public support. The main US political parties today are the Republican Party and Democratic Party. They emerged from the early Federalist and Anti-Federalist parties and evolved through various political eras and realignments related to issues like slavery and economic policies. Parties help structure government and provide accountability to voters.
Political Parties And Interest Groups
Interest groups attempt to influence government through lobbying and advocacy on issues important to their members. They communicate with politicians and use tools like money, gifts, and propaganda to sway decision making. Political parties seek to attain political power by participating in elections. They often support certain ideologies and represent subgroups with differing interests. The major US parties are the Republican Party, considered more socially and economically conservative, and the Democratic Party, considered more socially liberal and economically interventionist.
The Legislative Branch New
The legislative branch comprises Congress, which is made up of the Senate and House of Representatives. Congress has the responsibility of making laws, overseeing the executive branch, and preserving democracy through checks and balances on the president and judicial branch. Most of the legislative work is done in committees and subcommittees before bills reach the floor for debate and votes.
3 Proscons Of Federalism
The document discusses different systems of government structure - unitary, confederate, and federal - and analyzes which works best for governing diverse populations. It defines each system and provides examples. A federal system is said to work best for diversity as it features a decentralized division of power between national and regional authorities, each with their own jurisdictions and procedures. The document outlines the division of power in federalism between enumerated, reserved, and concurrent powers and discusses strengths like addressing regional needs, but also weaknesses like potential overlap, contradiction, or negation between policy levels.
2b Foundation Of Us Dem
The document discusses the influence of British rule on the creation of American democracy. It mentions key documents like the Magna Carta and Glorious Revolution that established limits on monarchal power in Britain and influenced the colonists. The 13 English colonies were established between 1687-1776 for reasons like religious persecution or as trading posts. Grievances with British rule and taxes without representation led to the American Revolution. The Constitution was influenced by Enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Hobbes, and Rousseau.
2 Origins And Types Of Govt And Govt Structures
The document discusses the origin of different forms of government and types of democracies. It examines theories on democracy from Dahl, Schumpeter, and Marx, asking which best explains the American democracy. Dahl proposed a pluralist theory where the public knows best and elections allow people to be elected and removed. Schumpeter argued an elite theory where politicians elected by public should control government. Marx saw democracy as capable of rule but current systems don't truly represent people's interests.
1 Purpose Of Government
Political Science 001 is an introduction to American government and politics. It discusses key ideas like political theories that guide government actors, institutions with authority like the armed forces and Congress, and interests like PACs and advocacy groups that attempt to influence government. The purpose of government is also examined. The document outlines three main purposes of government: 1) to protect American territory and citizens from threats, 2) to regulate and enforce laws and policies to ensure safety and quality services, and 3) to promote American ideals of democracy, freedom, and capitalism.
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The document discusses various aspects of US elections and campaigns, including changing campaign dynamics, strategies to win undecided voters, campaign finance amounts over time, and an overview of the primary and general election process. It also provides details on the electoral college system, including its definition, history, current process, distribution of electoral votes by state, and debates around its strengths and weaknesses. The document uses the 2000 US presidential election as a case study to illustrate issues with electoral college outcomes and recount processes.
The Executive Branch
The document discusses the roles and powers of the President and executive branch, including the President's roles as chief of state, diplomat, executive, legislator, commander-in-chief, and party leader. It also covers the Vice President, Cabinet, and various executive agencies. The size of the federal bureaucracy is discussed, with over 2.7 million civilian employees working across different departments and agencies.
Liberties
The document discusses civil liberties in the United States Constitution. It provides context on the Bill of Rights and how it protects individual freedoms such as freedom of speech, press, religion, and protections from unlawful search and seizure. It also discusses ongoing debates around balancing individual rights with societal interests and national security, including discussions on the USA PATRIOT Act and presidential powers in times of war or crisis.
Policy Creation
The document discusses the definition and process of public policymaking in the United States. It defines public policy as plans or actions by the government that address domestic issues of national importance. It then outlines the 5 main steps in the policymaking process: 1) agenda setting, 2) policy formation, 3) policy adoption, 4) policy implementation, and 5) policy evaluation and change. Societal issues and problems are the main catalyst for getting items onto the public policy agenda.
Health Policy
The rising cost of health care in the US is largely due to the country's private health insurance system, according to economist Paul Krugman. As health insurance premiums and costs increase much faster than inflation, more Americans are unable to afford coverage. While market forces aim to reduce costs through competition, in health care these have failed due to inelastic demand for services and limited price transparency. Health policy influences economic policy by determining how much households and businesses must spend on health insurance and care, affecting overall inflation and GDP.
Foreign Policy
The document discusses the key factors that influence the formulation of US foreign policy:
1) Institutions such as the executive branch, Congress, and various government agencies and bureaucracies play a role in both creating and implementing foreign policy. This process can involve struggles between the branches.
2) Ideas like moralism, realism, and neo-realism shape how policymakers view America's role in the world and its national interests.
3) Domestic and foreign interests, including defense contractors, also exert influence through lobbying and advocacy. Of these factors, institutions have the greatest formal role in actually creating foreign policy.
Foreign Policy
The document discusses the key factors that influence the formulation of US foreign policy:
1) Institutions such as the executive branch, Congress, and various government agencies and bureaucracies play a role in both creating and implementing foreign policy. This process can involve struggles between the branches.
2) Ideas like moralism, realism, and neo-realism shape how decision-makers view America's role in the world and its national interests.
3) Domestic and foreign interests, including defense contractors, also exert influence through lobbying and advocacy. Of these factors, institutions have the greatest role in actually creating foreign policy.
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- 1. Chapter Fifteen Becoming an Informed Healthcare Consumer
- 15. Chapter Fifteen Becoming an Informed Healthcare Consumer
Editor's Notes
- Chapter Fifteen: Becoming an Informed Healthcare Consumer Health care providers often evaluate you by criteria pertaining to their area of expertise. This chapter should assist you to make wise decisions about health information services and products since poor health care decisions could affect your overall health negatively.