2 Origins And Types Of Govt And Govt Structures
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The document discusses the origin of different forms of government and types of democracies. It examines theories on democracy from Dahl, Schumpeter, and Marx, asking which best explains the American democracy. Dahl proposed a pluralist theory where the public knows best and elections allow people to be elected and removed. Schumpeter argued an elite theory where politicians elected by public should control government. Marx saw democracy as capable of rule but current systems don't truly represent people's interests.
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Liberty can be understood as the right of an individual to act uncoerced by government and to be free from government imposed unlawful or arbitrary control.
Liberal democratic vision is a pluralistic approach providing for justice as well as order and for the general welfare as well as liberty; because many persons, groups, and interests seek fulfillment, a balance must be struck in a highly diverse political community;
Most influential school of liberal democratic thought in contemporary America is pluralism; balance can be achieved through a constitutional system of representative democracy, with the help of skillful leaders and resourceful political parties, with the recognition that a rough approximation of the public interest emerges from the clash of contending interests, and in accord with policies that advance the general welfare.
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Similar to 2 Origins And Types Of Govt And Govt Structures
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Major ideologies that have traditionally dominated contemporary politics are liberal democracy, democratic socialism, and communism;
Ideologies help explain the purposes, principles, and rules of politics; allow us to examine what political actors say they ought to do and what they actually do;
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The document discusses key concepts in the study of American government such as political power, democracy, and the distribution of power. It addresses debates around whether the framers of the US Constitution were right to establish a representative democracy over a direct democracy. The text also examines different theories of how political power is distributed, such as pluralism and elite theories, and debates whether democracy is driven purely by self-interest or other factors.
Democracy a way of governance
Democracy has many definitions but generally involves principles of equality before the law, political freedom, and rule of law. Historically, democracies were rare and small in size due to concerns over despotism in large units and vulnerability of small units to conquest. Modern representative democracies address this through systems of checks and balances like in the US. There are various ways to measure and classify democracies based on factors like distribution of legislative seats, corruption safeguards, and forms of government that provide different levels of representation and freedom. Non-governmental groups also use democratic principles in decision making structures.
Why Democracy 8 31
The document discusses different views on the purpose and role of government. It explains that government involves the authoritative allocation of values through rules determining things like who gets what resources. There are disagreements over which values a government should prioritize, such as liberty, equality, order, and efficiency. Political ideologies reflect preferences over these different values. Our political and economic systems emphasize a mix of values, with no single system prioritizing one value over others to the extreme.
GOVChapter1
The document provides an overview of key concepts in American government, including:
1) Government is the institution through which a society makes and enforces public policy using its legislative, executive, and judicial powers.
2) Politics is how social conflicts are resolved, and democracy is a system where the people hold ultimate power, either directly or through elected representatives.
3) A state is a political community that has sovereignty over a territory and population.
4) Governments can be classified based on who participates, where power is held, and the relationship between branches. Examples include democracies, dictatorships, and federal and unitary systems.
8 Slides
The document discusses democracy and its opponents. It provides an overview of the history of democracy from ancient Athens to modern liberal democracies. It also outlines justifications for democracy and critiques of democracy from thinkers like Plato, Marx, Qutb, and Chomsky. While acknowledging democracy's problems, the conclusion is that liberal democracy generally provides better outcomes for societies and is preferred by most people worldwide to alternative forms of government.
Models of democracy
Students should be able to explain the various models of democracy and their effectiveness in practice.
HIST 4020 Intro
This document discusses the roots and evolution of American political culture and government. It covers the philosophical influences on America's founding, such as ideas from Aristotle, the Greeks, Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau. It also examines the key characteristics of American democracy, including popular consent, majority rule, and individualism. Additionally, it outlines changes in the US population over time including increasing diversity and an aging population. The document concludes by looking at modern American political ideologies like conservatism, liberalism, and libertarianism as well as views of and expectations toward the government.
Chapter 1
The document provides an overview of key concepts in American government including:
1) It discusses different forms of government such as democracy, republic, and direct democracy. It notes that the US is a democratic republic where citizens elect representatives rather than voting directly on policies.
2) Fundamental values in the US political system are discussed like liberty, equality, and debates around the role and size of government.
3) Different political ideologies are outlined including liberalism, conservatism, and tensions between order and liberty.
4) Demographic changes in the US are summarized such as immigration trends, religious diversity, and an aging population.
Democracy theories v2
The document discusses theories of democracy, including traditional democratic theory which outlines five criteria for an ideal democracy: equality in voting, effective participation, enlightened understanding, citizen control of the agenda, and inclusion. It also discusses fundamental democratic principles like majority rule and minority rights. Contemporary theories of who governs are explored, including pluralism where interest groups influence policy, elite/class theory where the wealthy elite hold power, and hyperpluralism where groups weaken government.
Authoritarian Media
Authoritarian media theory holds that all forms of communication are under the strict control of governing elites or authorities. The theory originated from philosophers like Plato who believed power should be concentrated among a few wise individuals. Under this theory, media ownership can be both public and private but content is tightly controlled by the state through censorship, licensing, and other regulations to maintain the status quo. Critics argue it violates freedom of expression and denies people's right to information. Some modern regimes have adopted competitive authoritarianism, combining some democratic processes with authoritarian control over media and harassment of opposition voices.
Political System
This presentation includes Political system definition, functions, types and systems around the world.
Ch1: Foundation of Government
This document provides an overview of key concepts in American government, including definitions of government, democracy, and federalism. It describes the origins of government in human societies and early contributions from Greek and Roman civilizations. The document also discusses why studying government is important, the purposes of the US government outlined in the Constitution, different forms of government classification, and the relationship between democracy and free enterprise systems.
Chapter1
This chapter discusses key concepts in American democracy such as deliberation, citizenship, and different theories of democracy. It outlines principles from the Declaration of Independence like equality, natural rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Representative democracy was chosen to allow for deliberation and include diverse interests. Direct democracy tools like initiatives and referendums empower citizens. Liberal democracies protect individual rights through principles like rule of law. An educated citizenry is important for democratic deliberation and decision making.
Social studies govermental sistem123
This document discusses forms of government, political constitutions, and states. It defines forms of government such as despotism, liberal democracy, totalitarianism, autocracy, and federal governments. It explains that a political constitution establishes the legislature as the main governing body while a legal constitution establishes the judiciary. Finally, it identifies three types of states: sovereign states, federated states, and nation states.
ap gov chap 1
Chapter One introduces key concepts in the study of American government such as who governs, political power, and different forms of democracy. It discusses the framers' view that the government should mediate popular views to minimize abuse of power. Theories of government presented include Marxism in which economic owners control, elitism where top leaders decide, bureaucracy where civil servants control, and pluralism where competition among interests shapes policy decisions.
Essay About Liberal Democracy
This document provides an overview of a study on democratic governance. It discusses democracy from theoretical, research, and application perspectives. The objectives are to examine democratic governance and discuss democracy theoretically, review contemporary research, and analyze applications. It aims to create a knowledge area module on theories of democratic governance and research.
METGs in WDS
Western Democratic States are systems of governance that adhere to principles of Western thought combined with some form of democratic system. While democracy aims to allow individuals freedom and get out of a "state of nature" characterized by war and lack of rights, it also has flaws that make it susceptible to outside influence. A key aspect of Western democratic states is a free enterprise economic model, but this can encourage selfishness and prioritize personal gain over community welfare. Western democratic states also have an obligation to protect citizens' rights and security, but they may neglect this duty if helping others involves personal loss. Overall, the document examines both benefits and weaknesses of Western democratic states from philosophical perspectives.
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State And Calif Govt
California state government shares some similarities with the US federal government, such as having three branches of government. However, there are also differences, like California having a bicameral legislature while the US Congress is bicameral. County governments in California are extensions of state government and provide services like highways, public safety, and justice. City governments can take various forms, with the mayor-council plan being the most widely used form in California cities.
Recall,Initiative, Referendum2
California allows citizens to directly participate in the legislative process through initiatives, referendums, and recalls. While some argue this makes democracy more direct, others counter that these tools are actually used by wealthy elites and special interest groups to push their agendas. Additionally, many initiatives end up being poorly written or invalidated in court due to the public not having sufficient expertise to craft legislation. Overall, there is debate around whether direct democracy through these processes truly empowers citizens or is susceptible to manipulation.
California Politics (Summer06)
The document discusses California's system of direct democracy through initiatives, referendums, and recalls. It provides background on their origins in the early 20th century as a way for citizens to have more direct control over laws and policies. There are arguments that they empower ordinary citizens but also that they are tools that mostly benefit wealthy individuals and organizations. While initiatives allow for progressive laws, some that passed received major funding from conservative groups and targeted immigrant and minority rights. Critics argue citizens may lack expertise to make complex decisions and be swayed by emotions over long-term impacts. Many initiatives are challenged in courts with around half being invalidated.
Political Parties (Notes)
Political parties seek to attain political power within a government by participating in electoral campaigns. Major factors like representation systems and constitutions impact a country's party structure, determining whether it will be one-party, two-party, or multi-party. Key political cleavages like state vs. church form the basis for parties that remain influential over time despite new issues. The US Constitution is silent on parties because the founders saw them as corrupt, but parties have come to dominate US politics organized around ideologies like conservative vs. liberal economics. Major historical US parties include the Federalists, Democratic-Republicans, Whigs, and modern Republican and Democratic parties.
Political Parties
Political parties are important organizations in a democracy that seek to attain political power. They mobilize public support, organize and run elections, recruit candidates, and present alternative policy positions. While the US Constitution does not mention political parties, they have become integral to the structure and functioning of government by accepting responsibility for governing when in power and acting as opposition when not. The major US parties are currently the Republican and Democratic parties, which differ in their ideological stances but both aim to unite segments of the population behind their agenda.
Voter Behaviour
Voter turnout in the US is low for several reasons. Factors like religion, marital status, and having children influence how voters cast their ballots. The Democratic party has traditionally relied on four pillars of support - Roosevelt intellectuals, the Catholic Church, labor unions, and African Americans. However, outreach to Catholics and unions has declined. To win national elections, Democrats need to capture over 60% of moderate voters as the electorate has become more polarized. Candidates try to appeal to moderates and show respect for rural values to win their support.
Political Parties Iii
Political parties are important in a democracy to organize candidates, present alternative policy options to voters, and help mobilize public support. The main US political parties today are the Republican Party and Democratic Party. They emerged from the early Federalist and Anti-Federalist parties and evolved through various political eras and realignments related to issues like slavery and economic policies. Parties help structure government and provide accountability to voters.
Political Parties And Interest Groups
Interest groups attempt to influence government through lobbying and advocacy on issues important to their members. They communicate with politicians and use tools like money, gifts, and propaganda to sway decision making. Political parties seek to attain political power by participating in elections. They often support certain ideologies and represent subgroups with differing interests. The major US parties are the Republican Party, considered more socially and economically conservative, and the Democratic Party, considered more socially liberal and economically interventionist.
The Legislative Branch New
The legislative branch comprises Congress, which is made up of the Senate and House of Representatives. Congress has the responsibility of making laws, overseeing the executive branch, and preserving democracy through checks and balances on the president and judicial branch. Most of the legislative work is done in committees and subcommittees before bills reach the floor for debate and votes.
3 Proscons Of Federalism
The document discusses different systems of government structure - unitary, confederate, and federal - and analyzes which works best for governing diverse populations. It defines each system and provides examples. A federal system is said to work best for diversity as it features a decentralized division of power between national and regional authorities, each with their own jurisdictions and procedures. The document outlines the division of power in federalism between enumerated, reserved, and concurrent powers and discusses strengths like addressing regional needs, but also weaknesses like potential overlap, contradiction, or negation between policy levels.
2b Foundation Of Us Dem
The document discusses the influence of British rule on the creation of American democracy. It mentions key documents like the Magna Carta and Glorious Revolution that established limits on monarchal power in Britain and influenced the colonists. The 13 English colonies were established between 1687-1776 for reasons like religious persecution or as trading posts. Grievances with British rule and taxes without representation led to the American Revolution. The Constitution was influenced by Enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Hobbes, and Rousseau.
1 Purpose Of Government
Political Science 001 is an introduction to American government and politics. It discusses key ideas like political theories that guide government actors, institutions with authority like the armed forces and Congress, and interests like PACs and advocacy groups that attempt to influence government. The purpose of government is also examined. The document outlines three main purposes of government: 1) to protect American territory and citizens from threats, 2) to regulate and enforce laws and policies to ensure safety and quality services, and 3) to promote American ideals of democracy, freedom, and capitalism.
General And Primary Election And Electoral College
The document discusses various aspects of US elections and campaigns, including changing campaign dynamics, strategies to win undecided voters, campaign finance amounts over time, and an overview of the primary and general election process. It also provides details on the electoral college system, including its definition, history, current process, distribution of electoral votes by state, and debates around its strengths and weaknesses. The document uses the 2000 US presidential election as a case study to illustrate issues with electoral college outcomes and recount processes.
The Executive Branch
The document discusses the roles and powers of the President and executive branch, including the President's roles as chief of state, diplomat, executive, legislator, commander-in-chief, and party leader. It also covers the Vice President, Cabinet, and various executive agencies. The size of the federal bureaucracy is discussed, with over 2.7 million civilian employees working across different departments and agencies.
Liberties
The document discusses civil liberties in the United States Constitution. It provides context on the Bill of Rights and how it protects individual freedoms such as freedom of speech, press, religion, and protections from unlawful search and seizure. It also discusses ongoing debates around balancing individual rights with societal interests and national security, including discussions on the USA PATRIOT Act and presidential powers in times of war or crisis.
Policy Creation
The document discusses the definition and process of public policymaking in the United States. It defines public policy as plans or actions by the government that address domestic issues of national importance. It then outlines the 5 main steps in the policymaking process: 1) agenda setting, 2) policy formation, 3) policy adoption, 4) policy implementation, and 5) policy evaluation and change. Societal issues and problems are the main catalyst for getting items onto the public policy agenda.
Health Policy
The rising cost of health care in the US is largely due to the country's private health insurance system, according to economist Paul Krugman. As health insurance premiums and costs increase much faster than inflation, more Americans are unable to afford coverage. While market forces aim to reduce costs through competition, in health care these have failed due to inelastic demand for services and limited price transparency. Health policy influences economic policy by determining how much households and businesses must spend on health insurance and care, affecting overall inflation and GDP.
Foreign Policy
The document discusses the key factors that influence the formulation of US foreign policy:
1) Institutions such as the executive branch, Congress, and various government agencies and bureaucracies play a role in both creating and implementing foreign policy. This process can involve struggles between the branches.
2) Ideas like moralism, realism, and neo-realism shape how policymakers view America's role in the world and its national interests.
3) Domestic and foreign interests, including defense contractors, also exert influence through lobbying and advocacy. Of these factors, institutions have the greatest formal role in actually creating foreign policy.
Foreign Policy
The document discusses the key factors that influence the formulation of US foreign policy:
1) Institutions such as the executive branch, Congress, and various government agencies and bureaucracies play a role in both creating and implementing foreign policy. This process can involve struggles between the branches.
2) Ideas like moralism, realism, and neo-realism shape how decision-makers view America's role in the world and its national interests.
3) Domestic and foreign interests, including defense contractors, also exert influence through lobbying and advocacy. Of these factors, institutions have the greatest role in actually creating foreign policy.
Economic Policy
The document discusses different economic goals, theories and policies of Democrats, Republicans and other groups. It covers various types of capitalism and economic systems, as well as the influence of corporations, interest groups and government institutions on policy creation. Key economic indicators and theories around supply and demand, laissez-faire, Keynesian and supply-side economics are also examined.
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- 4. Greek Root: Democracy Democracy Demos (The People) Kratos (Authority)