Foreign Policy
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The document discusses the key factors that influence the formulation of US foreign policy: 1) Institutions such as the executive branch, Congress, and various government agencies and bureaucracies play a role in both creating and implementing foreign policy. This process can involve struggles between the branches. 2) Ideas like moralism, realism, and neo-realism shape how policymakers view America's role in the world and its national interests. 3) Domestic and foreign interests, including defense contractors, also exert influence through lobbying and advocacy. Of these factors, institutions have the greatest formal role in actually creating foreign policy.
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Foreign Policy
The document discusses the key factors that influence the formulation of US foreign policy:
1) Institutions such as the executive branch, Congress, and various government agencies and bureaucracies play a role in both creating and implementing foreign policy. This process can involve struggles between the branches.
2) Ideas like moralism, realism, and neo-realism shape how decision-makers view America's role in the world and its national interests.
3) Domestic and foreign interests, including defense contractors, also exert influence through lobbying and advocacy. Of these factors, institutions have the greatest role in actually creating foreign policy.
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The document discusses the key factors that influence the formulation of US foreign policy:
1) Institutions such as the executive branch, Congress, and various government agencies and bureaucracies play a role in both creating and implementing foreign policy. This process can involve struggles between the branches.
2) Ideas like moralism, realism, and neo-realism shape how decision-makers view America's role in the world and its national interests.
3) Domestic and foreign interests, including defense contractors, also exert influence through lobbying and advocacy. Of these factors, institutions have the greatest role in actually creating foreign policy.
Isolationism in the American Foreign Policy
Isolationism has been less reviewed by scholars. So Patrick Callahan's explanation is a very important reference for that.
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Liberalism internationalism is similar to liberalism in the US foreign policy. So, it is important to understand nuances. Patrick Callahan's book, "Logics of American Foreign Policy, Theories of America’s World Role" is helpful in this regard.
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Chapter 5 Introductin to Civics and Ethics LART 1001 (1).pptx
This document provides an overview of key concepts in international relations and foreign policy. It begins by defining international relations and discussing the evolution of the modern state system. It then identifies the main actors in international relations as states and non-state actors. The document outlines different levels of analysis, from the individual to the international system level. It also summarizes several major theories of international relations, including realism, liberalism, and Marxism/structuralism. The theories are compared in terms of their views on state interests, the sources of conflict, the role of international organizations, and human nature.
27165028 International Business
The document discusses the political and legal environments facing international business. It defines political systems and legal systems, outlines different types of political and legal systems around the world, and examines trends in these systems. It also profiles the concepts of political risk and intellectual property rights, and how they relate to conducting business internationally.
Theories of international relations
This document summarizes key concepts in international relations theory, comparing realist and liberal perspectives. It discusses concepts like anarchy, sovereignty, self-help, and the security dilemma from a realist viewpoint. Liberal concepts discussed include Kantian ideals of democracy, trade, and international institutions promoting cooperation. Realists are skeptical that institutions can significantly influence state behavior motivated by power and national interests in an anarchic system.
Political Parties
A brief outline of Political Parties
Conditions to be fulfilled to be a party
Its + and - points and Function
Merits and demerits of the each type
Power point Chapter 1
1. Public policy refers to the activities and decisions of government that influence citizens' lives. It involves policy choices by officials, implementation of programs, and impacts on citizens.
2. There are three levels of public policy - choices by officials, programs that put choices into action, and effects on citizens. Government uses various tools or instruments of public policy, including laws, services, money, taxes, and persuasion.
3. The choice of policy instruments is influenced by their probable effectiveness, political acceptability, experiences of policymakers, and traditions. The instruments can confer rights, distribute resources, and allocate burdens in society.
gendal_thesis_final(1)
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes why 58 members of the U.S. House of Representatives switched their votes between the first and second votes on the $700 billion Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA) bank bailout. The author tests several hypotheses for what caused members to switch, including constituency pressures related to district employment in financial services and housing market conditions, as well as campaign contributions from financial industry PACs. The author finds some circumstantial evidence that constituency pressures and PAC contributions influenced switching, though members who switched received relatively small PAC contributions.
17 471 03_realist_model
This document discusses concepts related to analyzing national security policy, including policy arenas, the policy cycles model, agenda setting, problem framing, and implementation. It also describes the realist model of national security decision making, which views the state as the primary actor pursuing fixed interests through strategic analysis. The document then provides an overview of Clinton's national security policy objectives, interests, threats, strategies, and approaches to promoting prosperity and democracy internationally. It questions how Clinton's approaches may differ from other presidents and the extent to which the realist model can explain non-crisis national security policymaking.
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California allows citizens to directly participate in the legislative process through initiatives, referendums, and recalls. While some argue this makes democracy more direct, others counter that these tools are actually used by wealthy elites and special interest groups to push their agendas. Additionally, many initiatives end up being poorly written or invalidated in court due to the public not having sufficient expertise to craft legislation. Overall, there is debate around whether direct democracy through these processes truly empowers citizens or is susceptible to manipulation.
California Politics (Summer06)
The document discusses California's system of direct democracy through initiatives, referendums, and recalls. It provides background on their origins in the early 20th century as a way for citizens to have more direct control over laws and policies. There are arguments that they empower ordinary citizens but also that they are tools that mostly benefit wealthy individuals and organizations. While initiatives allow for progressive laws, some that passed received major funding from conservative groups and targeted immigrant and minority rights. Critics argue citizens may lack expertise to make complex decisions and be swayed by emotions over long-term impacts. Many initiatives are challenged in courts with around half being invalidated.
Political Parties (Notes)
Political parties seek to attain political power within a government by participating in electoral campaigns. Major factors like representation systems and constitutions impact a country's party structure, determining whether it will be one-party, two-party, or multi-party. Key political cleavages like state vs. church form the basis for parties that remain influential over time despite new issues. The US Constitution is silent on parties because the founders saw them as corrupt, but parties have come to dominate US politics organized around ideologies like conservative vs. liberal economics. Major historical US parties include the Federalists, Democratic-Republicans, Whigs, and modern Republican and Democratic parties.
Political Parties
Political parties are important organizations in a democracy that seek to attain political power. They mobilize public support, organize and run elections, recruit candidates, and present alternative policy positions. While the US Constitution does not mention political parties, they have become integral to the structure and functioning of government by accepting responsibility for governing when in power and acting as opposition when not. The major US parties are currently the Republican and Democratic parties, which differ in their ideological stances but both aim to unite segments of the population behind their agenda.
Voter Behaviour
Voter turnout in the US is low for several reasons. Factors like religion, marital status, and having children influence how voters cast their ballots. The Democratic party has traditionally relied on four pillars of support - Roosevelt intellectuals, the Catholic Church, labor unions, and African Americans. However, outreach to Catholics and unions has declined. To win national elections, Democrats need to capture over 60% of moderate voters as the electorate has become more polarized. Candidates try to appeal to moderates and show respect for rural values to win their support.
Political Parties Iii
Political parties are important in a democracy to organize candidates, present alternative policy options to voters, and help mobilize public support. The main US political parties today are the Republican Party and Democratic Party. They emerged from the early Federalist and Anti-Federalist parties and evolved through various political eras and realignments related to issues like slavery and economic policies. Parties help structure government and provide accountability to voters.
Political Parties And Interest Groups
Interest groups attempt to influence government through lobbying and advocacy on issues important to their members. They communicate with politicians and use tools like money, gifts, and propaganda to sway decision making. Political parties seek to attain political power by participating in elections. They often support certain ideologies and represent subgroups with differing interests. The major US parties are the Republican Party, considered more socially and economically conservative, and the Democratic Party, considered more socially liberal and economically interventionist.
3 Proscons Of Federalism
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2b Foundation Of Us Dem
The document discusses the influence of British rule on the creation of American democracy. It mentions key documents like the Magna Carta and Glorious Revolution that established limits on monarchal power in Britain and influenced the colonists. The 13 English colonies were established between 1687-1776 for reasons like religious persecution or as trading posts. Grievances with British rule and taxes without representation led to the American Revolution. The Constitution was influenced by Enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Hobbes, and Rousseau.
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Political Science 001 is an introduction to American government and politics. It discusses key ideas like political theories that guide government actors, institutions with authority like the armed forces and Congress, and interests like PACs and advocacy groups that attempt to influence government. The purpose of government is also examined. The document outlines three main purposes of government: 1) to protect American territory and citizens from threats, 2) to regulate and enforce laws and policies to ensure safety and quality services, and 3) to promote American ideals of democracy, freedom, and capitalism.
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Foreign Policy
- 4. Policymaking Process Implementation Policy Formation Policy Evaluation Agenda Setting Policy Adoption
- 12. Interest
- 14. Interests: Defense Industry Influence 109% (Fortune 500 website) 871 Raytheon 37% 2,572 Boeing 44% 1,825 Lockheed Martin Percentage Change From 2004 Profits in 2006 (in millions) Company