Holt Modern Biology Chapter 14 Vocabulary--History of Life
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The document defines key terms related to biogenesis, radioactive dating, isotopes, and early theories of life formation. It explains that biogenesis is the idea that all living things come from other living things, while spontaneous generation was the disproven idea that living things can form from nonliving matter. Radiometric dating measures the age of materials by analyzing radioactive isotope concentrations. Terms like isotopes, mass number, radioactive decay, and half-life are also defined in relation to understanding radiometric dating. Early cellular structures like microspheres, coacervates, and ribozymes are described. Archaea, chemosynthesis, cyanobacteria, and endosymbiosis in the development of eukaryotic cells
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Cell Biology for Under-graduates - Dr HK Garg
This document provides an overview of key concepts in cell biology. It discusses the history of cell theory and early microscopists. It describes techniques used to study cells like light and electron microscopy. The structures and functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared. Cell organelles and their roles are outlined. The processes of cell reproduction through mitosis, meiosis and their significance are summarized. Mechanisms of cell death through necrosis and apoptosis are also briefly explained.
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This document provides an introduction to biochemistry and cell structure and function. It begins with defining biochemistry as the application of chemistry to biological processes at the cellular and molecular level. The main objectives are then outlined. Key points include that cells require a constant source of energy to maintain their highly organized state, and that biochemistry examines the complex molecules and chemical reactions in living systems. The major components of cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, are then described in detail. The four main classes of biomolecules - proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids - are introduced along with their structure and functions. Common biochemical reactions and how cells obtain and use energy are also summarized.
Introduction to biochemistry
the branch of science concerned with the chemical and physico-chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms.
the processes and substances with which the science of biochemistry is concerned.
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Holt Modern Biology Chapter 14 Vocabulary--History of Life
- 2. Biogenesis all living things come from other living things
- 3. Spontaneous Generation idea that living things come from nonliving things
- 4. Radiometric Dating the process of measuring the absolute age of geologic material by measuring the concentrations of radioactive isotopes and their decay products
- 5. Isotopes atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
- 6. Mass Number the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus
- 7. Radioactive Decay the release of particles or radiant energy by the unstable nuclei of some isotopes (Process)
- 8. Radioactive Isotopes Atoms that are unstable, meaning they decay, or break down, to form stable atoms of a different element
- 9. Half-life The length of time it takes for one-half of any size sample of an isotope to decay to a stable form.
- 10. Microspheres spherical in shape and are composed of many protein molecules that are organized as a membrane
- 11. Coacervates collection of droplets that are composed of lipids, amino acids, and sugars
- 12. Ribozyme RNA molecule capable of acting as an enzyme.
- 13. Archaea Single-celled, no nucleus, Live in harsh condisions, oldest organisms on earth
- 14. Chemosynthesis process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
- 15. Cyanobacteria Predominantly photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms containing a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll Mmm.. Spaghetti!
- 16. Ozone a form of oxygen that has three oxygen atoms in each molecule instead of two. protects us from dangerous ultraviolet radiation from the sun
- 17. Endosymbiosis Process through which early prokaryotic cells are thought to have engulfed other, smaller cells and eventually incorporated them as organelles; these cells evolved into modern-day eukaryotes.