The document discusses several theories for the origin of life on Earth, including:
1) The spontaneous formation of organic molecules from inorganic precursors, as demonstrated by the Miller-Urey experiment.
2) The "RNA world" hypothesis that early life involved self-replicating RNA molecules before the evolution of proteins and DNA.
3) The "metabolic view" that early metabolism in iron-sulfur compartments preceded genetics and aided the formation of complex organic molecules.
IB Biology markscheme, past exam papers, notes and 2012 IB Biology syllabus. IB Biology option D evolution markscheme. IB Biology option D evolution notes, IB Biology option D Evolution exam papers, IB Biology option E markscheme, IB Biology option E notes, IB Biology option E Neurobiology papers, IB Biology Option A Human Nutrition and Health syllabus 2012, Stimulus and response, Homologous structures, Pavlov experiments.
IB Biology markscheme, past exam papers, notes and 2012 IB Biology syllabus. IB Biology option D evolution markscheme. IB Biology option D evolution notes, IB Biology option D Evolution exam papers, IB Biology option E markscheme, IB Biology option E notes, IB Biology option E Neurobiology papers, IB Biology Option A Human Nutrition and Health syllabus 2012, Stimulus and response, Homologous structures, Pavlov experiments.
Life on Earth (By Alonso Ricardo and Jack W. Szostak) Summary (By Zohaib Hus...Zohaib HUSSAIN
Life on Earth (By Alonso Ricardo and Jack W. Szostak)
Summary (By Zohaib Hussain)
Life on Earth (By Alonso Ricardo and Jack W. Szostak)
Summary (By Zohaib Hussain)
Life on Earth (By Alonso Ricardo and Jack W. Szostak)
Summary (By Zohaib Hussain)
Life on Earth (By Alonso Ricardo and Jack W. Szostak)
Summary (By Zohaib Hussain)
Life on Earth (By Alonso Ricardo and Jack W. Szostak) Summary (By Zohaib Hus...Zohaib HUSSAIN
Life on Earth (By Alonso Ricardo and Jack W. Szostak)
Summary (By Zohaib Hussain)
Life on Earth (By Alonso Ricardo and Jack W. Szostak)
Summary (By Zohaib Hussain)
Life on Earth (By Alonso Ricardo and Jack W. Szostak)
Summary (By Zohaib Hussain)
Life on Earth (By Alonso Ricardo and Jack W. Szostak)
Summary (By Zohaib Hussain)
Life, living matter are those that shows certain attributes that include responsiveness, growth, metabolism, energy transformation and reproduction.
In biology origin of life or abiogenesis is the natural process by which life has arisen from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds.
It means the emergence of heritable and evolvable self-reproduction.
It is a complex subject and oftentimes controversial.
Several attempts have been made from time to time to explain the origin of life on earth.
There are several theories which offer their own explanation on the possible mechanism of origin of life.
Origin of life in universe is most debating and interesting topic for all scientist .which divided in 3 parts chemosynthesis theory ,RNA world hypothesis and some evidence about extraterrestrial life.
Unit 3: Microbiology of Early Earth
LECTURE LEARNING GOALS
• Describe the early Earth environment, and prevailing theories for the origins of life.
• Describe the major events in the evolution of cellular life, and when they happened.
• Explain the lines of evidence that lead us to know when early life arose, and the scientific basis behind each line.
Dr. Bruce Damer: Hot Spring Hypothesis of the Origin of Life & Future of Life...Bruce Damer
Dr. Bruce Damer covers the new science of the origin of life (the Hot Spring Hypothesis) and its relationship to our future in space (the expansion of the biosphere into the Solar System). The was presented at the 2018 Bay Area Society for Information Display at the Stanford Golf Course/Club on September 8, 2018.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
1. OriginofLife “Know then thyself , presume not GOD to scan … The proper study of mankind is MAN…” Biochemistry Project 1 by Imran * Jimmy * Lingareddy
2. Introduction What does life need? A miracle? “Time-Line” For the Origin of Life The major View points Spontaneous formation of organic molecules “RNA” world Metabolic View
3.
4. A Miracle? Francis Crick was the co-discover of the DNA molecule. Crick received a Nobel price for discovering the structure of DNA. He said this about the formation of life: “The origin of life appears at the moment to be almost a miracle.”
6. The major view points Among the many theories of the origin of life, three major viewpoints have been identified: Spontaneous formation of organic molecules “RNA” world Metabolic View
7. Spontaneous formation of organic molecules Stanley Miller and Harold Urey (1953) attempted to reproduce conditions at the ocean’s edge under a reducing atmosphere. The primordial Earth was a very different place than today, with greater amounts of energy, stronger storms, etc. The oceans were a "soup" of organic compounds that were formed by inorganic processes. Miller's (and subsequent) experiments have proved that life originated in a different way, over 3 billion years ago. He placed simple inorganic molecules into his apparatus to produce a variety of complex molecules:
9. Spontaneous formation (continued) In subsequent experiments, nucleic acids were detected; a likely scheme for their formation is from polymerization of cyanide (which can be readily formed in a primitive atmosphere) Tetramer can be rearranged to form
10. Spontaneous formation (continued) The nitrogen bases of the nucleotides are broadly divided into two groups mainly: purines and pyrimidines based on the type of cyclic ring present in the base. Purines Adenine (A) or 6-aminopurine Guanine (G) or 2-amino,6-oxypurine Pyrimidines: Cytosine (C) or 6-amino,2-oxy pyrimidine Thymine (T) or 2,6-oxy,5-methyl pyrimidine Miller’s experiment only produce Adenine.
11. RNA World There was a stage in the development of life with nothing but self-replicating RNA molecules. It is assumed that RNA acted as a precursor of both protein and DNA, in the sense that it can serve both as catalyst (like protein enzymes) and as carrier of genetic information. Proteins, DNA, and cell membranes added later in this scenario.
12. RNA World (Continued) Jack Szostak, American biologist was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres. He has shown that certain catalytic RNAs can, indeed, join smaller RNA sequences together, hinting at the potential for self-replication. Given the right starting conditions, such a self-replicating RNA might increase its number at the expense of the "lifeless" ones surrounding it.
14. RNA World (Continued) Where did the first RNA come from? The first RNA polymers may have formed on clay templates as clay molecules have very regular structures James Ferris, Professor of Chemistry at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, has discovered that the building blocks of RNA polymer were linked together on the surface of a common clay, montmorillonite.
15. RNA World (Continued) There are still some open questions about the RNA World to act as an ultimate origin of life. The RNA system is too complex to have arisen without synthesis by a genetic precursor or prior enzyme-less metabolism. There are now good leads for simple, spontaneous processes to initiate on the early Earth for the synthesis of nucleotides.
16. Metabolic View One of the key ideas advanced by Wächtershäuser is that an early form of metabolism predated genetics. Metabolism here means a cycle of chemical reactions that produce energy in a form that can be harnessed by other processes. The idea is that once a primitive metabolic cycle was established, it began to produce ever more complex compounds. The Miller-Urey experiment explained before was an experiment that simulated hypothetical conditions present on the early Earth and tested for the occurrence of chemical evolution.
17. Metabolic View (continued) This metabolism-first model has a strong champion in Harold Morowitz, who paints the two major models for life's origin as "heaven and hell” and found the probability of creation of single bacterium. Ferric citrate is a structure formed from the transition metal iron and citrate, a compound produced by plants, algae, and many bacteria. Morowitz propose that structures like this could have catalyzed the formation of molecular building blocks, leading ultimately to the formation of complex molecules essential for the origin of life.
18. Metabolic View (continued) A totally new and highly controversial theory on the origin of life on earth, is set to cause a storm in the science world and has implications for the existence of life on other planets. Research by Professor William Martin of the University of Dusseldorf and Dr Michael Russell of the Scottish Environmental Research Centre in Glasgow, claims that living systems originated from inorganic incubators – small compartments in iron sulphide rocks.
19. Metabolic View (continued) As hydrothermal fluid - rich in compounds such as hydrogen, cyanide, sulphides and carbon monoxide - emerged from the earth's crust at the ocean floor, it reacted inside the tiny metal sulphide cavities. They provided the right microenvironment for chemical reactions to take place. The iron sulphide cells, is where life began.
20. Metabolic View (continued) Mike Russell’s designed an appartus which will recreate the first moments of life on Earth, and give experimental support to the metabolic view. He hopes to reproduce life’s first steps, by reacting the carbon dioxide in the ‘ocean’ water with the hydrogen in the ‘spring’ water to make the simple organic molecules methane and acetate. Russell thinks that if his reactor produces just about anything from tar to E. coli it will have been worthwhile "recreating the origins of life"
21. Acknowledgements http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2323973520070523 http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewnews.html?id=1079 http://rpi.edu/dept/chem/chem_faculty/profiles/ferris.html http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewnews.html?id=1079 Evolution of the first metabolic cycles, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 87, pp. 200-204, January 1990 http://www.internetchemie.info/news/2010/sep10/origin-of-life.html http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/files/2010/03/Whitfield-Nascence-man.pdf http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewnews.html?id=1079 http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewnews.html?id=1079