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Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
This document compares and contrasts prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It begins by introducing that all living things are made up of cells, which are the smallest living units. It then describes that cells are divided into two main categories: prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, and eukaryotic cells, which contain a nucleus enclosed within a membrane. The document proceeds to list and describe the various organelles contained within each cell type, including their locations and functions. It concludes by outlining some key differences in how prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells reproduce.
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Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
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- 2. INTRODUCTION • All livingthings are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest units that can be alive. During the 1950’s scientists developed the concept that life on earth is classified into six kingdoms and each have their own characteristic kind of cell. However the biggest division is between the cells of the Prokaryote kingdom (Eubacteria and archaebacteria and those of the other four kingdoms (animals, plants, fungi and protoctista which are all eukaryotes cells.
- 3. Characteristics • Prokaryotic Cells• Eukaryotic Cells
- 4. Prokaryote is anorganism that does not have a nucleus (like bacteria), It still has DNA of course, but not enclosed in a neat little sack. Eukaryote is an organism that does have a nucleus (like me and you)
- 5. Functions • The CellWall • The Plasma Membrane • The Cytoplasm • The Genetic Material • The Ribosomes Prokaryotic Cell • The Cell Wall • The Plasma Membrane • The Nucleus • The Nuclear Membrane • The Nucleolus • The Mitochondria • The Chloroplast • The Endoplasmic Reticulum • The Ribosomes • The Golgi Bodies • The Lysosomes • The Vacuoles • The Cytoplasm • The Chromosomes Eukaryotic Cell Below are the organelles of each cell. Each of these organelles have specific functions.
- 6. DNA, the geneticmaterial is located in a non-membrane bound nucleoid region in prokaryotes and a membrane- bound nucleus in eukaryotes 2. Plasma membrane, a phospholipid bilayer with proteins that separates the cell from the surrounding environment and functions as a selective barrier for the import and export of materials
- 7. 3. Cytoplasm, therest of the material of the cell within the plasma membrane, excluding the nucleoid region or nucleus, that consists of a fluid portion called the cytosol and the organelles and other particulates suspended in it 4. Ribosomes, the organelles on which protein synthesis takes place
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- 10. Reproduction Prokaryotic Cell EukaryoticCell Types, Genes and Conditions
- 11. Prokaryotic cells reproduceby a process that is called binary fission. The DNA in such cells is contained in a single circular chromosome called a plasmid within the cytoplasm. The reproductive process starts with the replication of the chromosome. Always asexual Prokaryotic Cell Reproduction
- 12. The life ofeukaryotic cells is characterized by a cell cycle with two major phases: the interphase and cell division. The nucleus divides in a process called mitosis Asexual or sexual Eukaryotic Cell Reproduction
- 13. Application • The CarbonCycles affect possible survival. • There are physical characteristics. • The temperature varies. • Environmental changes create problems.
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- 15. Biotic and AbioticFactors Biotic Factors are; • Producers (autroph) plants • Consumers (hetertrophs) animals • Decomposers (fungi and bacteria) Abiotic Factors are; • Air • Water • Space • Temperature • Light • Soil (nutrients
- 16. Feeding Systems Feeding Systemsthat takes place in Prokaryotic Organisms Feeding Systems that takes place in Eukaryotic Organisms
- 17. Organisms within theKingdoms • Prokaryotes includes several kinds of microorganisms such as bacteria and cyanobacteria. • Eukaryotes includes such microorganisms as fungi, protozoa and simple algue.
- 18. References • Rader, A.(1997) Eukaryotes – Cells with Parts. Biolgy4kids.com: Microorganisms: Eukaryotes Retrieved from www.biology4kids.com/files/micro_eukaryote.html • The Biology Project Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics. (1997) Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, & Viruses Tutorial. Retrieved from http:// www.biology.arizona.edu. www.biology4kids.com/files/micro_eukaryote.html • Understanding Evolution. From prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Retrieved from evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/_0/endosymbiosi s_03. Pg 3