The document summarizes the evolution of cells from early molecules to modern cells. It describes how early Earth had conditions suitable for the formation of organic molecules. Through chemical reactions in the primordial soup, nucleotides and other biomolecules formed. RNA molecules emerged and were able to store and replicate genetic information, marking the RNA world hypothesis. Eventually, DNA arose as a more stable carrier of genetic code, while cells formed through the enclosure of RNA and other molecules in membranes. Key cellular components like chromosomes, ribosomes, and mitochondria developed as cells became more complex and specialized into prokaryotic and eukaryotic forms.

1. CELLULAR EVOLUTION
Jyothi Kamble
M.Sc BioInformatics

2. INDEX
• Introduction
• Time flow of origin of cell
• Process
• Primordial soup
• RNA world hypothesis
• DNA world
• Organelles of cell
• Cell types
• Reference

3. • All the living organisms are made up of cells.
• A living cell may be defined as a compartment enclosed by a
membrane that consists of several chemical constituents and is capable
of propagating itself by division.
• Activity of an organism is dependent on the activities of its cells.
• There are two stages in evolution of the cell; chemical evolution and
biological evolution.
INTRODUCTION

4. A simplified time flow of the origin of cell.
Origin of earth ------------------------4.5 billions years ago
Oldest rock-----------------------------3.9 billions years ago
First cell----------------------------------3.5 billions years ago

5. How cell is evolved?
ATOMS
MOLECULES
BIOMONOMER
MACROMOLECULES
PLOYMER COMPLEXES
CELL

6. PROCESS -
In early year after formation of solar
system, terrestrial planets continued to be
bombarded by smaller bodied of various
size at the last of particulate material
from the formation of planets, was swept
up by their gravitational pull.
Later planet cooled.

8. Primordial soup stage :-
 For the initial formation of primitive
living require a specific supporting
chemical environment
 Early earth have a chemically reducing
atmosphere, which when exposed to
energy in various forms.
 By that energy produced a variety of
simple organic compounds.
 Organic compounds accumulated in a
molecular ‘organic soup’.
 And aslo many building block of life
compound’s also formed

9. Formation of complex organic molecules :-
Nucleotide – compounds of 3 subunit molecule
 Nitrogen containing base
 5 carbon sugar
 Phosphate

10. Nucleotide :- it has many important functions
and forms nucleic acid
nucleotide bounded together to form RNA.
Nucleic acid :-
It has many important functions and role to formation of RNA
and DNA
RNA were made using free floating nucleotides that in
primordial soup of molecules.

11. Protein :-
On the other hand,
 Proteins are formed., and aslo hasve many functions .
 And work great as molecular machines.
 But it store information and copy them selves.
 So they need DNA for that.
 And helps in translation.

12. So, which came first ? (DNA/RNA/Protein)

13. What is RNA World hypothesis ?

14. Survival of the Fittest Game ,

15. Gradually, RNA enclosed by membrane and other molecules
also reacted to form first cell .

16. DNA :-
In other hand somewhere along the life DNA is formed by RNA.
Here, DNA become stable archive of genetic information that stored
blue print for most successful RNA and protein molecules.

17. Organelles of cell
CHROMOSOME

18. RIBOSOME

19. LYSOSOMAL APPARATUS

20. GOLGI APPARATUS

21. MITOCHONDRIA

22. CHLOROPLAST

23. Cell types

24. Prokaryotic cell

25. Eukaryotic cell

26. REFERENCES :-
1. Khan Academy app
2. Byjus app
3. https://www2.gwu.edu/~darwin/BiSc151/Origin/origin.html
4. Ncert book
5. https://www.scribd.com/document/435794235/Unit1-pdf ( IGNOU book )
6. https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/EranEarland/ib-topic-15-cell-origins

27. THANK YOU