HIV is a retrovirus that causes AIDS by destroying CD4+ T cells and weakening the immune system. It is transmitted via blood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk. As of 2010, approximately 34 million people globally were infected with HIV, with sub-Saharan Africa being the worst affected region. There is no cure for HIV/AIDS but treatment with antiretroviral drugs can control the virus and prolong life.

2.  Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
 HIV is the virus that causes AIDS
 Disease limits the body’s ability to
fight infection
 A person with AIDS has a very
weak immune system
 No permanent cure

3.  “HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME”
 A specific type of virus ( a retrovirus)
 HIV invades the helper T cells, macrophages
and dendrite cells to replicate itself
 It directly or indirectly destroys CD4+ T cells

4.  HIV infections are
considered pandemic by
the World Health
Organization(WHO).
 As of 2010 approximately
34 million people have HIV
globally.
 Of these approximately
16.8 million are women and
3.4 million are less than
15 years old. It resulted in
about 1.8 million death in
2010, down from 3.1 million in
2001.
 Sub-Saharan Africa is the
region most affected.
 South & South East Asia is the
second most affected; in
2010 this region contained
an estimated 4 million cases.

5.  HIV retrovirus is divided into
:-
H1
HIV
H2
 It is a retrovirus
 Consist of 9,749
nucleotides in its 2
identical ssRNA genome
 Contain reverse
transcriptase

7.  HIV ENTERS THE BLOOD STREAM
THROUGH
 Open cuts
 Breaks in the skin
 Mucous membranes
 Direct injection
 COMMON FLUIDS THAT ARE A
MEANS OF TRANSMISSION
 Blood
 Semen
 Vaginal secretions
 Breast milk

11.  SEXUAL CONTACT: male-to-male
male-to-female/vice-versa
female-to-female
 BLOOD EXPOSURE: injecting drug use/needle sharing
occupational exposure
transfusion of blood products
 PERINATAL: transmission from mom to baby
breastfeeding

12.  Short, flu-like illness occurs 1-6 weeks
after infection
 No symptoms at all
 Infected person can infect other people

13.  Last for an average of 10 years
 This stage is free from symptoms
 There may be swollen glands
 The level of HIV in blood drops to very
low levels
 HIV antibodies are detectable in the
blood

14.  The symptoms are mild
 The immune system deteriorates
 Emergence of opportunistic infections &
cancers

15.  The immune system weakens
 The illnesses become more severe
leading to an AIDS diagnosis

17.  Requires a blood or oral
fluid sample
 HIV test detects the
body’s antibody response
to HIV infection
 The test does NOT detect
the HIV virus

18.  Those recently exposed should be retested at least six
months after their last exposure
 Screening test (EIA/ELISA) vs. confirmatory test (IFA)
EIA/ELISA(reactive)
REPEAT EIA/ELISA(reactive)
IFA(reactive)
POSITIVE FOR HIV TEST

20.  Treatment with anti – retroviral drugs
e.g.- Azidothymidine.
 ABACAVIR- a nucleoside analog reverse
transcriptase inhibitors (NARTIs or NRTIs)
 There is currently no vaccine or cure for
HIV or AIDS

21.  Awareness & educations
 Avoid sex with strangers
 Use condoms
 Use of sterile needle
 Careful during blood transfusion
 Avoid drugs and alcohol