HIV/AIDS is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which damages the immune system and leaves individuals vulnerable to opportunistic infections. There are two types of HIV (HIV-1 and HIV-2) which are transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions, sharing needles, or from mother to child. Over time, HIV infection can lead to AIDS which has symptoms like fever, weight loss, and susceptibility to diseases. While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral treatment can suppress the virus and prevent progression to AIDS.

1. HIV AIDS
- Farhan Akhter
AIDS : Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome

2. Introduction
● AIDS: Acquired Immuno
● AIDS is the deadliest in humans it is caused by HIV.
● AIDS is the last stage of HIV infection.
● caused by the infection of RNA virus on lymphocytes as a result the activity of T-helper cells is
depressed, suppressing the Immune system.
● 73% acquired by sexual contact.
● 80% of males and 20% females almost 90% with HIV were in the age group 15-40.
Types
HIV-1
MORE COMMON WORLDWIDE
ACCOUNTS FOR 95% OF ALL
INFECTIONS WORLDWIDE.
IT ENTERS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM BY
ATTACHING ONTO THE CD4+
RECEPTOR FOUND ON THE SURFACE
OF CERTAIN WBCs
HIV-2
FOUND PRIMARILY IN SOUTH AFRICA,
MOZAMBIQUE AND AM BOLA.
LESS EASILY TRANSMITTED
DEVELOPS MORE SLOWLY
SOME HIV DRUGS LIKE NEVIRAPINE,
DONOT WORK AGAINST IT
They both are transmitted through the same route.
Associated with similar opportunistic infections.

3. Symptoms
● AIDS patients initially shows fever, rashes, swelling of lymph nodes, weight loss.
● WBC count is reduced and blood platelet count is lowered.
● Death is caused in 2-10 years.
Transmission
● Sexual contact both homosexual and heterosexual.
● Blood transfusion
● Mother to foetus through the placenta.
● Injection with unsterile syringes and needles.
● Breast feeding by infected mother.
• The earliest known case of infection with HIV-1 in human was detected in a blood sampling collected in1959 from a
man in Kinshasa.
• Scientists identified a type of chimpanzee in West Africa as the source of HIV infection in humans.
• They believed chimpanzees possessed SIV (simon immunodeficiency virus) which was transmitted to humans and mutated
into HIV when humans hunted these chimpanzees.
Diagnosis
● ELISA- Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay
● Western blotting
● PCR – Polymerase Chain Reaction

4. Control
● Syringes, needles and other materials should be sterilized.
● Avoiding of sharing materials.
● Screening of blood before transfusion.
● Sexual contact with sex workers should be avoided.
● Use of condoms during sexual contact .
Treatment
There are several Antiretroviral Drugs which helps to suppress the viral load can be used in controlling the
disease progress.
THANK YOU
Clinical trial
• HIV-1 antigen expanded specific T cell therapy
• intravenous immunoglobulin in primary HIV infection