Thanks to Dr.Dinda

1. A brief talk on
HIV / AIDS
Dr. Jagannath Dinda
Chief Medical Officer of Health
Bankura

2. What is HIV / AIDS
HIV
• “Human Immunodeficiency Virus”
• A specific type of virus (a retrovirus)
• HIV invades the helper T cells to replicate itself.
• No Cure
AIDS
• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
• HIV is the virus that causes AIDS
• Disease limits the body’s ability to fight infection
• A person with AIDS has a very weak immune system
• No Cure

3. HIV
HIV include lentiviredae group of virus with a diameter of
about 120 nm, around 60 times smaller than a red blood cell .
HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper
T Cell (specifically CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells.
Lentiviruses are transmitted as single-stranded, positive-
sense, enveloped RNA viruses.
HIV is a retrovirus including reverse transcriptase enzyme

4. HIV infection
• Once HIV infection occurred in persons , it affects the
TH cell and other immunity providing component ,
leads to suppress the immunity that makes the other
opportunistic infection cause death within
approximately 5 to 10 yrs.
• Two life cycle of retroviruses are virulent or lytic cycle
causes death within 2-5 yrs and avirulent/profage
cycle or lysogenic cycle cause the carrier of this virus.

5. Who are the sufferer
The virus can be spread (transmitted):
• Through sexual contact including oral, vaginal, and
anal sex.
• Through blood via blood transfusions or needle
sharing
• From mother to child - a pregnant woman can
transmit the virus to her foetus through their shared blood
circulation, or a nursing mother can transmit it to her baby in
her breast milk
•

6. When dose not spread
• Casual contact such as hugging
• Mosquitoes
• Participation in sports
• Touching items that were touched by a person infected with the
virus

7. HIV/AIDS Status
West Bengal
• Total tested people in West Bengal are 3207631
and sera positive are 50734 (up to 31st October
2012)
Bankura District
• Total tested people are 170038 and sera positive
patients are 477 (up to 31st October 2012)

8. Manifestation of HIV
Primary symptoms to detect HIV infection of a patient
After entry of Human Immunodeficiency
Virus into the host it causes :
• Flue like symptoms after 5-6 weeks
• Rash may occurred Send for HIV test
• Antibody production is started after 6 weeks , it called
window period .
• Window Period is dangerous for spreading the disease.

9. Symptoms of HIV/AIDS
People with AIDS have had their immune system damaged by
HIV and are very susceptible to these opportunistic infections.
Common symptoms are:
• Chills
• Fever
• Rash
• Sweats (particularly at night)
• Swollen lymph glands
• Weakness
• Weight loss

10. Blood Test
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/Enzyme
Immunoassay (ELISA/EIA)
Radio Immunoprecipitation Assay/Indirect
Fluorescent Antibody Assay (RIP/IFA)
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Western Blot Confirmatory test

11. Counseling

12. Pre-test Counseling
Transmission
Prevention
Risk Factors
Voluntary & Confidential
Report ability of Positive Test Results

13. Post-test Counseling
Clarifies test results
Need for additional testing
Promotion of safe behavior
Release of results

14. Treatment Options

15. Antiretroviral Drugs
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors
• AZT (Zidovudine)
Non-Nucleoside Transcriptase inhibitors
• Viramune (Nevirapine)
Protease inhibitors
• Norvir (Ritonavir)

16. Opportunistic Infection Treatment
• Issued in an event where antiretroviral
drugs are not available

17. Four ways to protect yourself?
• Abstinence
• Monogamous Relationship
• Protected Sex
• Sterile needles

18. Abstinence
• It is the only 100 % effective method of
not acquiring HIV/AIDS.
• Refraining from sexual contact: oral,
anal, or vaginal.
• Refraining from intravenous drug use

19. Monogamous relationship
• A mutually monogamous (only one sex partner)
relationship with a person who is not infected
with HIV
• HIV testing before intercourse is necessary to
prove your partner is not infected

20. Protected Sex
• Use condoms (female or male) every time you
have sex (vaginal or anal)
• Always use latex or polyurethane condom (not a
natural skin condom)
• Always use a latex barrier during oral sex

21. When Using A Condom
Remember To:
• Make sure the package is not expired
• Make sure to check the package for damages
• Do not open the package with your teeth for risk
of tearing
• Never use the condom more than once
• Use water-based rather than oil-based condoms

22. Sterile Needles
• If a needle/syringe or cooker is shared, it
must be disinfected:
– Fill the syringe with undiluted bleach and wait at
least 30 seconds.
– thoroughly rinse with water
– Do this between each person’s use

23. Needle Exchange
• Use sterile needle
• Use plastic use &
throw syringes

24. Fight for AIDS
Know about the AIDS

25. Fight for AIDS
Know about the AIDS

26. I E C
(INFORMATION EDUCATION & COMMUNICATION)

27. Fight together against the AIDS
Protected Sex , Chose Single Sex Partners
Your should known about the background of your Sex
partner
Support the HIV-AIDS people
Test your self to prevent HIV spreading
You are the people who can save your child from HIV
Take steps at present to rectify the future

29. Thank You!