Downloaded 53 times
Uploaded bySachin Gadade
AIDS
This document discusses Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in children. It defines AIDS as a fatal illness caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that breaks down the body's immune system. The document notes that in 2002, an estimated 800,000 children under 15 were newly infected with HIV worldwide and 610,000 children died of AIDS. It provides classifications for HIV infection in children and discusses routes of transmission, clinical features, diagnostic evaluations, common conditions, complications, and nursing management of pediatric AIDS.
More Related Content
AIDS
- 1. MR.SACHIN T.GADADE M.SC (N)PEDIATRICS
- 4. INTRODUCTION ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME INCHILDREN :- In 1982, a clinical entity characterized by profound loss of immune functions associated with a depletion of CD4t helper ‘T’ Lymphocytes, formally designated Acquired Immune Deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was recognized. This syndrome is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
- 5. DEFINATION :- AIDS theacquired immune deficiency syndrome is described as fatal illness caused by retrovirus known as human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) which break down body’s immune syndrome.
- 6. Incidence :- AIDShas now attained a form of unique pandemic with America, Europe and Africa belong most affected and Asia least affected. In the year 2002 an estimated 8,00,000 children under 15 years were newly infected with HIV, and 6,10,000 died of the disease. At the end of 2002, an estimated 3.2 million Children were living with HIV/AIDS.
- 7. Classification :- In1994, center for Disease Control, Atlanta, revised the Classification as inflection status, clinical status & immunological status. Once included in a particular category, an HIV inflected child cannot be reclassified LE a less severe category even if the child's or immunological status improves.
- 8. Immunological Categories:- Immunological Categories Clinical Categories Nosigns/ Symptoms Mild signals/ Symptoms Medacate signs/ Symptoms Severe signs/ Symptoms (N) (A) (B) (C) 1)No evidence of suppression N1 A1 B1 C1 1)Evidence of moderate suppression N2 A2 B2 C2 1)Severe suppression N3 A3 B3 C3
- 9. Etiology : Themajority of children with HIV infection are younger than 7 years of age.
- 10. Children with HIVfall into two sub populations :- Infants born to HIV inflected women and adolescents infected as a result of high risk behaviors. The transmission of HIV can occur in utero, intrapartum, or after delivery through breast- feeding. Maternal risk factors – e.g.- viral lead, stage of diseases. HIV is not transmitted by food, water, mosquitoes or casual contact. (i.e..- Social kissing, Shaking hands & hugging)
- 11. Factors thatincrease the rate of mother to children transmission include high level of viremia & lack of matching antibody in the pregnant woman. Advanced maternal HIV disease. Low maternal CD4 counts. Maternal P24antigenemica. High CD8 counts, pre mature infants in born twins. Lack of anti-viral therapy to inflected pregnant woman.
- 12. Clinical Features :- Theyare classified into 2 types Acute Phase Clinical Latency /chronic phase
- 13. Acute Phase – Swealing Generalised Red Rash Difficulty in Breathing
- 14. Clinical Latency /chronic phase Fever Weight loss Malaise Pain Fatigue Loss of Appetite Abdominal Discomfort
- 15. Abdominal Discomfort Diarrhea Night Sweat Headache Swollen lymph Glands
- 16. Common Clinical Manifestationof Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection in Children. Lymphadenopathy Oral Candidiasis Chronic or recurrent diarrhea Failure to thrive Developmental delay Parotitis
- 17. Common deficiency Conditions forAIDS in Children Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia Bacterial infection Pulmonary Candidiasis Herpes simplex disease Weight loss of more than 10% of body weight.
- 18. Diagnostie Evaluation :- ELISA :- Comes positive Western blot test – confirmatory test for HIV antibodies Radio-immuno precipitation test (RIP) This test detects HIV protein more sensitive's & specific than western blot. HIV Tracking- P24 antigen test This test a confirmatory test in HIV patients Polymerase chain Reaction – This will help in detection of HIV RNA or DNA.
- 19. Guantative cellcalture :- This measures viral load within the cells. Immune Status :- CD4 Count ratios. CBE – To identity anemia thrombocylopenia, leucopenia urine Analysis – To renal, Liver, Metabolic or Nutritional. Monloux Test – To detect TB Chest X-Ray – To identity polmonary problems For Women – A pregnancy & test popanco loaus test.
- 20. Complications of AIDS:- Brain= Tumors especially lymphomas encephalitis & dementia, meningitis, G.I. tract =Candidiasis of mouth, trachea, Esophagus Lungs =Pneumocystis Carinii infection, tuberculosis & other fungal infection. Intestines= Protozoa salmonella infections Causes Chronic diarrhea. Skin= Kaposi's sarcoma (Cancers) fungal infection like herpes zoster herpes simplex.
- 22. Nursing Management ofAIDS Assess level of activity tolerance & degree of fatigue, Lethargy and malaise During the period of fatigue advise the client strict bed rest Assist the activities & hygiene when antique Maintain nutritional & fluid balance Provide vitamin supplements Prevent infection & injury. Modify alterations in body temperature. Reducing anxiety
- 23. Nursing Diagnosis ofAIDS – Ineffective airway clearance related to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, increased bronchial secretions & decreased ability to cough related to weakness & fatigue. Ineffective breathing pattern related to severe respiratory tract infections. High risk for infections due to loss of immunity Fluid volume deficit related to loss of body fluids, decreased intake vomiting, diarrhea, nausea.
- 24. Altered nutritionless body requirements related anorexia, nausea diarrhea & vomiting. Social isolation related to grieving fear of death, fear of infecting others in family & society. Knowledge deficit – regarding unfamiliarity with information sources & rehabilitations.