Lecture slides for a class giving a historical overview of quantum mechanics, including black-body radiation, the photoelectric effect, and the Bohr model of hydrogen. Used in a class for non-majors titled "A Brief History of Timekeeping," as a lead-in to talking about atomic clocks.
Lecture slides from a class introducing quantum mechanics to non-majors, giving an overview of black-body radiation, the photoelectric effect, and the Bohr model. Used as part of a course titled "A Brief history of Timekeeping," as a lead-in to talking about atomic clocks
Lecture slides from a class introducing quantum mechanics to non-majors, giving an overview of black-body radiation, the photoelectric effect, and the Bohr model. Used as part of a course titled "A Brief history of Timekeeping," as a lead-in to talking about atomic clocks
Planck's Quantum Theory and Discovery of X-raysSidra Javed
Planck's quantum theory
Discovery of X-rays and explanation of production of X-rays, relation between atomic number and frequency of X-rays, application and uses of X-rays.
Lecture slides from a class on atomic clocks, giving an overview of the basic idea and some of the history leading up to modern laser-cooled cesium fountain clocks. Given as part of a class for non-majors titled "A Brief History of Timekeeping."
Planck's Quantum Theory and Discovery of X-raysSidra Javed
Planck's quantum theory
Discovery of X-rays and explanation of production of X-rays, relation between atomic number and frequency of X-rays, application and uses of X-rays.
Lecture slides from a class on atomic clocks, giving an overview of the basic idea and some of the history leading up to modern laser-cooled cesium fountain clocks. Given as part of a class for non-majors titled "A Brief History of Timekeeping."
Maximizing the Use of Social Media and Technology at AIRI InstitutesSanky Inc.
Presentation about the use of social technology for scientific research institutions.
Delivered October 2011 at the Annual Meeting of the Association of Independent Research Institutes (AIRI).
The finale of our series features the growing challenge of dealing with a multi-channel response interface, and how to streamline the data landing on your plate from various sources.
Understanding Key Metrics Of Direct Mail, Online, & Multi-Channel FundraisingSanky Inc.
Presentation of metrics and how to use them for fundraising, by Bryan Terpstra and Paul Habig (@paulhabig).
Covering direct mail metrics, email analysis, website analytics and how multi-channel fundraising increases results.
Presented at DMA Fresh Tracks in Washington, DC, March 2, 2012
The seminar was presented in March 2012 to the Canadian Association of Professional Speaker's Toronto Chapter.
It's a step be step guide to creating your own social media and internet strategy.
A brief history of discovery of structure of atoms - particles and rays, nuclear decays, radioactivity, X-ray production. For RADIATION ONCOLOGY students. Purely academic and non-commercial purpose.
3.1 Discovery of the X Ray and the Electron
3.2 Determination of Electron Charge
3.3 Line Spectra
3.4 Quantization
3.5 Blackbody Radiation
3.6 Photoelectric Effect
3.7 X-Ray Production
3.8 Compton Effect
3.9 Pair Production and Annihilation
Quantum Mechanics: Electrons, Transistors, & LASERS. Paul H. Carr
Quantum Mechanics, QM, has enabled new technologies that impact our daily lives. Yet, there have been at least 14 different QM interpretations in the last century. “If you think you understand QM, you don’t,” said Richard Feynman. Our macroscopic language is inadequate to describe the wave-particle duality of microscopic QM particles. Mathematics works better. This talk illuminated the production of the play Copenhagen, in which German physicist Werner Heisenberg, who directed the German attempt to make an atom bomb, visited Niels Bohr in Denmark during WWII.
The Exotic Physics of an Ordinary MorningChad Orzel
Slides from my TEDxAlbany talk, December 3, 2015. The topic was showing the was that quantum-mechanical phenomena show up in mundane morning activities like making toast, waking to an alarm, and checking social media.
Talking Dogs and Galileian Blogs: Social Media for Communicating ScienceChad Orzel
Slides from my Forman Lecture talk at Vanderbilt University 3/26/15. Arguing that the current state of the world demands greater engagement with a broader public on the part of scientists, and that social media can be a powerful tool for this. Including discussion of pros and cons of specific platforms, and advice based on 12+ years of talking science on the Internet, sometimes with my dog.
High Precision, Not High Energy: Using Atomic Physics to Look Beyond the Stan...Chad Orzel
Second of two lectures on using atomic physics techniques to look for exotic physics, given at the Nordita Workshop for Science Writers on Quantum Theory. This one focusses on the measuring of tiny frequency shifts using techniques developed for atomic clocks.
Talk for the Bristol (UK) Festival of Ideas on similarities between everyday activities like crosswords, card games, and sports and the process of scientific discovery.
Slides for a talk given at Physics Day at Space Center Houston, May 1-2 2014. Explains why nothing can move faster than the speed of light using spacetime diagrams.
What's So Interesting About AMO Phyiscs?Chad Orzel
A talk given at the 2011 meeting of the Division of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics (DAMOP) of the American Physical Society, summarizing recent and exciting results in AMO physics being presented at the meeting.
What Every Dog Should Know About Quantum PhysicsChad Orzel
A public lecture on quantum physics and why it is important enough that even dogs should know about it. Based on my book, ow to Teach Physics to Your Dog. Given at the University of Alabama on 9/30/10.
What Every Dog Should Know About Quantum PhysicsChad Orzel
A talk on the essential elements of quantum mechanics, given to a group of Albany area home-schooled students and parents. The second slide is a video of a dramatic reading of Chapter 3 of _How to Teach Physics to Your Dog_ (Scribner, 2009, available wherever books are sold); the video can be found on YouTube.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
History of Quantum Mechanics
1. Relativity
Einstein’s solution: Two principles
Principle of Relativity:
All of the laws of physics are the
same for any two observers
moving at constant relative speed
Principle of Constancy of Speed of Light:
All observers see the same speed of light, no matter their relative
velocities.
Requires re-thinking of basic physics from the ground up
Requires re-thinking of nature of time and space
Time moves at different rates for different observers
2. Quantum Mechanics
The other great theory of modern physics
Deals with very small objects
Electrons, atoms, molecules
Grew out of problems that seemed simple
Black-body radiation
Photoelectric Effect
Atomic Spectra
Produces some very strange results…
4. Blackbody Radiation
Max Planck, 1900
Developed mathematical formula for spectrum
Problem: Derivation of formula required a mathematical trick
Introduced idea of “quantum” of energy
Completely overturned classical physics
5. Blackbody Model
Imagine object as box with “oscillators” in walls
Small amount of light leaks out blackbody spectrum
What radiation exists in box?
“Standing wave” integer number of half-wavelengths
fit across the length of the box
Divide thermal energy of object among possible modes
Add up all allowed modes to get total spectrum
(Rayleigh-Jeans approach; slightly different than Planck, but simpler)
7. Ultraviolet Catastrophe
Problem: Lots and lots of ways to get short wavelengths
120
200 modes, 0.02L bins
Predicts huge
100
80 amount of light at very
short wavelengths
Number
60
40
20
0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Wavelength (box length)
8. Quantum Hypothesis
Planck’s trick:
Each mode has a minimum energy depending on frequency
Can only contain an integer multiple of fundamental energy
Modes with very short wavelength would need more than their
share of thermal energy
Amount of radiation drops off very sharply at short wavelength
11. Photoelectric Effect
Shine light on some object,
electrons come out
Discovered by Heinrich Hertz, 1887
Simple model: Shaking electrons
Predict: 1) Number of ejected electrons depends on intensity
2) Energy of ejected electrons depends on intensity
3) No obvious dependence on frequency
12. Photoelectric Effect: Experiment
Observations:
1) Number of electrons
depends on intensity
2) Energy of electrons DOES
NOT depend on intensity
3) Cut-off frequency:
minimum frequency to get
any emission
4) Above cut-off, energy increases linearly
with frequency
13. Photoelectric Effect: Einstein
Einstein, 1905: “Heuristic Model” of PE Effect
Particle model: “Light quanta” with energy
Some minimum energy to remove electron:
“Work Function”
Energy of emitted electron:
Take’s Planck’s “trick” seriously, runs with the idea
14. Photoelectric Effect: Einstein
Observations:
1) Number of electrons depends on intensity
Higher intensity More quanta
2) Energy of electrons DOES NOT depend
on intensity
Only one photon to eject
3) Cut-off frequency: minimum frequency
to get any emission
Einstein in 1921
Nobel Prize portrait
4) Above cut-off, energy increases linearly Cited for PE Effect
with frequency
15. Atomic Spectra
Atoms emit light at discrete, characteristic frequencies
Observed in 1860’s, unexplained until 1913
16. Bohr Model
1913: Neils Bohr comes up with “solar system” model
1) Electrons orbit nucleus in certain “allowed states”
2) Electrons radiate only when moving between allowed states
3) Frequency of emitted/absorbed light determined by Planck rule
Works great for hydrogen, but no reason for ad hoc assumptions
17. Matter Waves
Louis de Broglie: Particles are Waves
Electrons occupy standing wave orbits
Orbit allowed only if integral number of
electron wavelengths
h
Wavelength determined by momentum
p
Same rule as for light…
18. Matter Waves
de Broglie Waves:
h
p
Why don’t we see this?
Planck’s Constant is tiny
h = 6.626 10 –34 J-s
More significant for single atoms
145 g baseball, 40 m/s 87Rb, 200 m/s
= 1.1 10 –34 m = 0.02 nm
Insignificant for macroscopic objects Still small, but can
start to see effects
19. Electron Diffraction
Send electrons at two slits in a barrier:
Image and video from Hitachi:
http://www.hitachi.com/rd/research/em/doubleslit.html
22. Light as a Clock
Light: Electromagnetic wave
Extremely regular oscillation
No moving parts
Use atoms as a reference:
Performance: Lose 1s in 100,000,000 years