1) Quantum physics describes the behavior of matter and light at the microscopic scale and has led to over 20 Nobel Prizes.
2) Quantum effects underlie modern technologies like computers, fiber optic communications, and how the sun generates energy through nuclear fusion.
3) Key concepts in quantum physics include wavefunctions, allowed quantum states, the probabilistic nature of measurements, and the paradox that objects exist in multiple states simultaneously until observed.
RADIOACTIVITY
Atomic theory
In chemistry and physics, the atomic theory explains how our understanding of the atom has changed over time. Atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter.
The first idea of the atom came from the Greek philosopher Democritus. A lot of the ideas in the modern theory came from John Dalton, a British chemist and physicist.
Democritus' atomic theory
Lecture slides for a class giving a historical overview of quantum mechanics, including black-body radiation, the photoelectric effect, and the Bohr model of hydrogen. Used in a class for non-majors titled "A Brief History of Timekeeping," as a lead-in to talking about atomic clocks.
Lecture slides from a class introducing quantum mechanics to non-majors, giving an overview of black-body radiation, the photoelectric effect, and the Bohr model. Used as part of a course titled "A Brief history of Timekeeping," as a lead-in to talking about atomic clocks
RADIOACTIVITY
Atomic theory
In chemistry and physics, the atomic theory explains how our understanding of the atom has changed over time. Atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter.
The first idea of the atom came from the Greek philosopher Democritus. A lot of the ideas in the modern theory came from John Dalton, a British chemist and physicist.
Democritus' atomic theory
Lecture slides for a class giving a historical overview of quantum mechanics, including black-body radiation, the photoelectric effect, and the Bohr model of hydrogen. Used in a class for non-majors titled "A Brief History of Timekeeping," as a lead-in to talking about atomic clocks.
Lecture slides from a class introducing quantum mechanics to non-majors, giving an overview of black-body radiation, the photoelectric effect, and the Bohr model. Used as part of a course titled "A Brief history of Timekeeping," as a lead-in to talking about atomic clocks
Planck's Quantum Theory and Discovery of X-raysSidra Javed
Planck's quantum theory
Discovery of X-rays and explanation of production of X-rays, relation between atomic number and frequency of X-rays, application and uses of X-rays.
From my class on nuclear physics for nuclear medicine technologists. This class covers alpha, beta, and gamma decay, plus conversion electrons, Auger electrons, and k-alpha and other X-rays
What Every Dog Should Know About Quantum PhysicsChad Orzel
A talk on the essential elements of quantum mechanics, given to a group of Albany area home-schooled students and parents. The second slide is a video of a dramatic reading of Chapter 3 of _How to Teach Physics to Your Dog_ (Scribner, 2009, available wherever books are sold); the video can be found on YouTube.
Planck's Quantum Theory and Discovery of X-raysSidra Javed
Planck's quantum theory
Discovery of X-rays and explanation of production of X-rays, relation between atomic number and frequency of X-rays, application and uses of X-rays.
From my class on nuclear physics for nuclear medicine technologists. This class covers alpha, beta, and gamma decay, plus conversion electrons, Auger electrons, and k-alpha and other X-rays
What Every Dog Should Know About Quantum PhysicsChad Orzel
A talk on the essential elements of quantum mechanics, given to a group of Albany area home-schooled students and parents. The second slide is a video of a dramatic reading of Chapter 3 of _How to Teach Physics to Your Dog_ (Scribner, 2009, available wherever books are sold); the video can be found on YouTube.
On request from a friend - a journey that starts from Young's double split experiment and ends up with fundamental questions about the nature of reality and the essence of science...
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation is like a history book of various discoveries that led to the development of quantum mechanics. The presentation also tries to address the debate between the radicals (supporters of quantum theory) and classical (supporters of Newtonian physics).
3.1 Discovery of the X Ray and the Electron
3.2 Determination of Electron Charge
3.3 Line Spectra
3.4 Quantization
3.5 Blackbody Radiation
3.6 Photoelectric Effect
3.7 X-Ray Production
3.8 Compton Effect
3.9 Pair Production and Annihilation
The Exotic Physics of an Ordinary MorningChad Orzel
Slides from my TEDxAlbany talk, December 3, 2015. The topic was showing the was that quantum-mechanical phenomena show up in mundane morning activities like making toast, waking to an alarm, and checking social media.
Talking Dogs and Galileian Blogs: Social Media for Communicating ScienceChad Orzel
Slides from my Forman Lecture talk at Vanderbilt University 3/26/15. Arguing that the current state of the world demands greater engagement with a broader public on the part of scientists, and that social media can be a powerful tool for this. Including discussion of pros and cons of specific platforms, and advice based on 12+ years of talking science on the Internet, sometimes with my dog.
High Precision, Not High Energy: Using Atomic Physics to Look Beyond the Stan...Chad Orzel
Second of two lectures on using atomic physics techniques to look for exotic physics, given at the Nordita Workshop for Science Writers on Quantum Theory. This one focusses on the measuring of tiny frequency shifts using techniques developed for atomic clocks.
Talk for the Bristol (UK) Festival of Ideas on similarities between everyday activities like crosswords, card games, and sports and the process of scientific discovery.
Slides for a talk given at Physics Day at Space Center Houston, May 1-2 2014. Explains why nothing can move faster than the speed of light using spacetime diagrams.
Lecture slides from a class on atomic clocks, giving an overview of the basic idea and some of the history leading up to modern laser-cooled cesium fountain clocks. Given as part of a class for non-majors titled "A Brief History of Timekeeping."
What's So Interesting About AMO Phyiscs?Chad Orzel
A talk given at the 2011 meeting of the Division of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics (DAMOP) of the American Physical Society, summarizing recent and exciting results in AMO physics being presented at the meeting.
What Every Dog Should Know About Quantum PhysicsChad Orzel
A public lecture on quantum physics and why it is important enough that even dogs should know about it. Based on my book, ow to Teach Physics to Your Dog. Given at the University of Alabama on 9/30/10.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
3. Why Should Dogs Care About Quantum
Physics?
Three reasons:
1) Computers
Semiconductor chips
2) Telecommunications
Lasers, fiber optics
3) Sunlight
Quantum physics allows
the Sun to shine
4. What‟s the Deal with Quantum Physics?
Four essential elements:
I) Wavefunctions
Everything in the universe is described by a wavefunction
II) Allowed States
Quantum objects are only found in specific states
III) Probability
You can only predict the probability of a given state
IV) Measurement
An object‟s state is indeterminate until you measure it
5. Wavefunctions
I) Wavefunctions
Everything in the universe is
described by a wavefunction
Mathematical function,
describes properties of object
Put in position and time
Get out what‟s going on
Has both particle and wave properties
Detect at specific position like particle
Function extends over space like wave
9. Allowed States
II) Allowed States
Quantum objects are only
found in specific states
“State” collection of properties
position, velocity, energy,
momentum, etc.
Only certain special states are allowed
NEVER find object with other properties
Property that gives quantum physics its name
“quantum” = “how much” in Latin
11. Bohr Model
Niels Bohr, 1913
Explains light emitted by atoms
Strange idea, but effective
Gets hydrogen almost perfectly
(not as successful with other elements)
Not the full story, but gets started in right direction
12. Lasers
Lasers work using allowed states
Start with excited atoms
Emit light, drop down in energy
Light causes other atoms to emit
Amplification
Build up between mirrors
13. Laser Communications
First Laser: May 16, 1960
“A solution looking for a
problem…”
Gordon Gould, Union „41 One problem it solves:
T. Maiman
Fiber optic communications
Telephone, Internet sent using laser
light
Telephones are Quantum!
14. Probability
III) Probability
You can only predict the
probability of a given state
Wavefunction gives probability
of each of the allowed states
Can‟t say definitely where a
quantum object will be located
Outcome of a single experiment is completely random
Some chance of things happening even when they shouldn‟t
16. Sunlight
Temperature of Sun: 10,000,000 degrees
Shines by nuclear fusion:
Stick 4 protons together, make helium
Problem: Protons repel each other
(unless they‟re really, really close)
Temperature needed to get fusion directly:
15,000,000,000 degrees
1,500 times the Sun‟s temperature!
17. Sunlight
Temperature of Sun: 10,000,000 degrees
Shines by nuclear fusion:
Stick 4 protons together, make helium
Problem: need 15,000,000,000 degrees
Solution: Quantum Tunneling
Small probability of particles passing
through impassable barriers
Allows enough fusion to power Sun
Sunlight is Quantum!
18. Probability is a Problem
“The theory delivers a lot,
but hardly brings us closer
to the secret of the Old
One. I for one am
convinced that He does
not throw dice.”
-- Albert Einstein,
letter to Max Born,1926
19. “Physicists are silly…”
Can never know exactly where thrown
object will land, only probability
20. Measurement
IV) Measurement
An object‟s state is
indeterminate until you
measure it
Wavefunction tells you probability
Until you measure it, the object is
in ALL possible states,
AT THE SAME TIME
22. Schrödinger‟s Cat
Cat is both alive and dead
AT THE SAME TIME
Invented by Erwin
Schrödinger to show
philosophical problem
with quantum physics
Situation seems completely ridiculous
BUT IT‟S TRUE
25. Electron Experiment
Send electrons at two slits in a barrier:
Image and video from Hitachi:
http://www.hitachi.com/rd/research/em/doubleslit.html
26. What‟s Going On?
Phenomenon called “Interference”
Waves from two different sources
add to give bright and dark spots
Peak + Peak = Bigger Peak Peak + Valley = Nothing
= =
28. Double Slit with Electrons
Electrons behave like waves
Probability shows the
effects of interference
BUT: electrons detected
as particles
One at a time, at single
spots on screen
Each electron must pass through BOTH slits at SAME TIME
29. Double Slit with Electrons
“[A] phenomenon which is
impossible, absolutely
impossible, to explain in any
classical way, and which has
in it the heart of quantum
mechanics. In reality, it
contains the only mystery.”
-- Richard Feynman
30. More Interference
Double-slit only scratches the
surface of quantum weirdness
Interference of molecules
(C60, at right)
“Quantum Eraser”
Quantum Zeno Effect
Entanglement and Teleportation
“Spooky action at a distance”
etc, etc,…
Huge variety of weird stuff involving quantum physics
31. What Every Dog Should Know
About Quantum Physics
Four essential elements, shown in double-slit experiment:
I) Wavefunctions
Electrons (particles) show interference (waves)
II) Allowed States
Each slit defines a state
III) Probability
Where each electron lands is random
IV) Measurement
Each electron goes through BOTH slits at once