The document outlines the major approaches to organizational behavior throughout history, beginning with the classical views of bureaucracy, scientific management, and administrative management in the early 1900s. It then discusses the neoclassical human relations movement and contributions of thinkers like Chester Barnard. Finally, it covers modern approaches including systems theory, contingency view, behavioral science, and quantitative methods that emerged from the 1940s onward.

1. HISTORY OF
ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR
Presented by- A.Raj Shravanthi

2.  Classical View
 Bureaucracy
 Scientific Management
 Administrative
 Neoclassical
 Human Relations Movement
 Chester Barnard
 Integrating management theories
 Contingency Approach
 System
 Behavioural approach
 Quantitative approach
EARLY
MANAGEMENT
APPROACHES
MODERN
MANAGEMENT
APPROACHES

3. Classical Administration Theory
Classical View (Early 1900s-1920)
Bureaucracy:
Max Weber(father of modern sociology)
Strict chain of command, detailed rules,
high specialization, centralized power,
and selection and promotion based on
technical competence

4. Classical Administration Theory
Scientific management:
 Focusses on worker & machine relationship.
 Frederick Taylor(1911)-Father of Scientific
Management.
 Published- Principles of Scientific Management
 Gilberth- “one best way” of doing work
 Motion study & time study
 Henry Gantt(1861-1919)- Gantt charts
 Henry focussed on motivational schemes,
leadership and management skills for an effective

5. Classical Administration Theory
Administrative Management:
 Henri Fayol (1941-1924), popularized the
concept of the “universality of management
principles”
 Father of Modern Management.
 Attempts to prescribe the “correct” way to
manage an organization and achieve its goals
 High specialization of labour (each dept
tended to its own business, and decision
making was centralized)

6. Neoclassical School
 Human relations
 Chester Barnard(1886-1961)

7. Human Relations Movement
 Advocates management styles that are more
participative and oriented towards employee
needs
 Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric
Company; 1924-1932
 Initiated as an attempt to investigate how
characteristics of the work setting affect
employee fatigue and performance (i.e., lighting)
 Found that productivity increased regardless of
whether illumination was raised or lowered

8. Chester Barnard
 3 top functions of executives-
1. Establish and maintain an effective
communication system
2. Hire and retain effective personnel
3. Motivate those personnel
 He gave ‘Acceptance Theory of Authority;

9. Modern management approach
 System theory
 Contingency view
 Behavioural approach
 Quntitative approach

10. System approach
 Emerged during 1940s and World War-2
 System is also an organization just like a
human body.
 it can be defined as “essentially a set or assembly
of things interconnection or interdependent , so as
to form a complex unites”
 Any degree of change will affect some other
system.
 Firstly applied in the fields of science and
engineering system.
 There are 2 major types of system:
1)open system. 2) Closed system.

11. Goals and Values
Technology
Structure
Public
Government
Inputs Outputs
Sub Systems
System Approach

12. Contingency View(mid 1960s)
 Also called Situational approach
 Emphasizes the fit b/w organisation process
and the characteristic of the situation.
 It assumes that managerial behaviour is
dependent on wide variety of elements.

13. Behavioural approach
 It is improved and more mature version of the
human relations approach.
 Scientists like Douglas McGregor, Abraham
Maslow, Kurt Lewin, Chester Barnard, Mary
Parker Follet etc contributed to this
behavioural approach hence they are called
Behavioural scientists.
 Their contributions helped in understanding
OB.

14. Quantitative approach
 Also called the management science approach
 It gained momentum during 2nd world war to
seek solutions to complex problems in warfare
 The scientists engaged for this purpose were
known as Operations Research teams(‘.’ it
included contruction of mathematical models
to simulate the problem)

15. References
Textbooks :
 Organisational Behaviour- Stephen P. Robbins
 Principles of Management- Harold Koontz, Heinz
Weihrich, A Ramachandran Aryasri.
Internet :
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_studie
s
 www.prenhall.com