The document provides a brief history of computers from ancient counting devices like the abacus to modern computers. It describes early mechanical calculators invented by Pascal and Leibniz in the 1600s-1700s. Punched card systems were developed in the early 1800s to program textile looms, inspiring Charles Babbage's analytical engine, an early general-purpose computer. In the 1900s, electromechanical computers were developed including the Harvard Mark I and ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic digital computer. The stored-program architecture was developed by John von Neumann, separating the processor and memory. This led to mainframe, supercomputer, personal computer, smartphone, and modern smart devices.

1. History of Computers
Yong Heui Cho @ Mokwon University
Some of slides are referred to:
[1] Luz Pingol, History Of Computer, slideshare.

2. 2
Basic Computer Design
1. History of Computers
2. Introduction to Arduino
3. Basic Computer Architecture
4. Combinational Logic Circuit

3. 3
How did it start?
• Meaning of “Computer”
a person who can compute
a machine for computations

4. 4
Abacus
• About 4,700 years ago (2,700 BC)

5. 5
The Oldest Analog Computer
• Antikythera mechanism
– To predict the cycles (like the Olympiads)

6. 6
Pascal Calculator
• Invented by Pascal (at 19) for 1642-1652
– Used for 8 digit addition and subtraction

7. 7
Leibniz Calculator
• Invented by Leibniz (at 25) for 1671-1706
• Used for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and square
root calculations
Leibniz wheel

8. 8
Jacquard Loom
• Invented by Jacquard (at 49) in 1801
– Used punched cards to program textile
patterns
– Punched cards were first around 1725.

9. 9
Difference Engine
• Invented by Babbage, Father of
Computer, (at 31) in 1822
– Powered by steam
– Able to perform calculations and print
results

10. 10
Analytic Engine
• The first general purpose computer
– Also invented by Babbage in 1833
– Failed to implement

11. 11
The First Programmer
• Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)
– Worked with Babbage for 1842-1843
the first computer program

12. 12
Tabulating Machine
• Invented by Hollerith (at 29) in 1889
– Able to read, store, and process data
– Founded TMC which became IBM

13. 13
Harvard Mark I (I)
• Proposed by Aiken with IBM in 1937
– Aiken was a PhD student in Harvard
University at that time.
– A general purpose electro-mechanical
computer
– a.k.a. IBM ASCC (Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator)
– Built from switches, relays, rotating shafts,
and clutches
– Contributed to the Manhattan project by von
Neumann in 1944

14. 14
Harvard Mark I (II)

15. 15
Colossus Computer
• Developed for British codebreakers in
1943-1945
– Turing (at 28) designed the British Bombe in
1940.
Bombe (electro-mechanical)
Colossus

16. 16
ENIAC (I)
• The first general purpose electronic
computer
– Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator
– Developed by Eckert (chief engineer) and
Mauchly (professor) for 1943-1946
– Recognized by von Neumann
– Weight = 27 tons
– # of vacuum tubes = 17,468
– # of soldering = over 5 millions

17. 17
ENIAC (II)

18. 18
Vacuum Tube
• A bulb which can compute and think
– Invented by Fleming (at 55) in 1904

19. 19
EDVAC (I)
• Invented (?) by von Neumann (at 44) for
1947-1948
– Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer
– Adopted the architecture of a stored-
program computer
– CPU (Central Processing Unit)

20. 20
EDVAC (II)

21. 21
von Neumann Architecture

22. 22
Harvard Architecture

23. 23
Mainframe Computers
• Mainframe computers are computers used
primarily by large organizations for critical
applications, bulk data processing.

24. 24
Supercomputers
• A supercomputer is a computer with a
high-level computational capacity.

25. 25
Personal Computers
• A PC is a general-purpose computer whose
size, capabilities and price make it useful
for individuals.

26. 26
Smartphones
• Mobile phone + mobile OS

27. 27
Smart Devices
• A smart device is an electronic device,
generally connected to other devices or
networks via different wireless protocols.