The document summarizes the history of computers from ancient counting devices like the abacus to the five generations of modern computers. It describes early mechanical calculating machines invented in the 17th-18th centuries and how they evolved to use punch cards and electricity. The first general purpose electronic computer, ENIAC, was completed in 1946. The development of transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors defined the five generations of computers and led to smaller, faster, and more accessible devices. The fifth generation continues development of artificial intelligence and parallel processing.
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to manipulate symbols. Its principal characteristics are: It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program). It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.
↓↓↓↓ Read More:
Watch my videos on snack here: --> --> http://sck.io/x-B1f0Iy
@ Kindly Follow my Instagram Page to discuss about your mental health problems-
-----> https://instagram.com/mentality_streak?utm_medium=copy_link
@ Appreciate my work:
-----> behance.net/burhanahmed1
Thank-you !
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to manipulate symbols. Its principal characteristics are: It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program). It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.
↓↓↓↓ Read More:
Watch my videos on snack here: --> --> http://sck.io/x-B1f0Iy
@ Kindly Follow my Instagram Page to discuss about your mental health problems-
-----> https://instagram.com/mentality_streak?utm_medium=copy_link
@ Appreciate my work:
-----> behance.net/burhanahmed1
Thank-you !
This is a short history of Computer. You can get benefit from it if you want to have an idea about the developments in the story of computer technology.
Input And Output Devices
Prepared By Harsh ,Mehar , Astha and Kalpana
Students Of Birla Institute Of Technology,Patna Campus
Department: BBA Session 2016-2019
Guided By : Ritesh Ravi Sir (Our Computer Teacher)
This PowerPoint Presentation consist the data title "Basics of Computer. This slide share will definitely helpful in all the viewers. It is framed with lot of best and attractive pictures with suitable examples and images. It will be very much useful to the beginners learners of computer. It covers the following points, viz., 1. Introduction to Computer 2. Main Parts of Computer 3. Types of Computer 4. Storage Unit vs. Memory Unit 5. Classification on Working System 6. Types of Network 7. Classification of Computer- Based on Size 8. Some Important Extensions. The above points were discussed in this powerpoint presentation.
A presentation on Classification of Computers.
Panjab University, Chandigarh
Classification of Computers
The computer systems can be classified on the following basis:
1. On the basis of size.
2. On the basis of functionality.
3. On the basis of data handling.
This is a short history of Computer. You can get benefit from it if you want to have an idea about the developments in the story of computer technology.
Input And Output Devices
Prepared By Harsh ,Mehar , Astha and Kalpana
Students Of Birla Institute Of Technology,Patna Campus
Department: BBA Session 2016-2019
Guided By : Ritesh Ravi Sir (Our Computer Teacher)
This PowerPoint Presentation consist the data title "Basics of Computer. This slide share will definitely helpful in all the viewers. It is framed with lot of best and attractive pictures with suitable examples and images. It will be very much useful to the beginners learners of computer. It covers the following points, viz., 1. Introduction to Computer 2. Main Parts of Computer 3. Types of Computer 4. Storage Unit vs. Memory Unit 5. Classification on Working System 6. Types of Network 7. Classification of Computer- Based on Size 8. Some Important Extensions. The above points were discussed in this powerpoint presentation.
A presentation on Classification of Computers.
Panjab University, Chandigarh
Classification of Computers
The computer systems can be classified on the following basis:
1. On the basis of size.
2. On the basis of functionality.
3. On the basis of data handling.
Computer literacy refers to the knowledge and skills required to effectively use computers and related technology. It is essential in today's society as computers have become integral parts of our personal and professional lives.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2. Definition of Computer
A computer is an electronic machine that
accepts information (Data), processes it
according to specific instructions, and provides
the results as new information.
3. Earliest Computer
• Originally calculations were computed by humans,
whose job title was computers.
• These human computers were typically engaged
in the calculation of a mathematical expression.
• The calculations of this period were specialized
and expensive, requiring years of training in
mathematics.
• The first use of the word "computer" was recorded
in 1613, referring to a person who carried out
calculations, or computations, and the word
continued to be used in that sense until the middle
of the 20th century.
History of Computer
4. Tally Sticks
• A tally stick was an ancient memory aid device
to record and document numbers, quantities, or
even messages.
History of Computer
5. Abacus
• An abacus is a mechanical device used to aid an individual
in performing mathematical calculations.
• The abacus was invented in Babylonia in 2400 B.C.
• The abacus in the form we are most familiar with was first
used in China in around 500 B.C.
• It used to perform basic arithmetic operations.
History of Computer
Earlier Abacus
Modern Abacus
6. Napier’s Bones
• Invented by John Napier in 1614.
• Allowed the operator to multiply,
divide and calculate square and
cube roots by moving the rods
around and placing them in
specially constructed boards.
John Napier
History of Computer
Napier’s Bone
7. Slide Rule
• Invented by William Oughtred in
1622.
• Based on Napier's idea about
logarithms.
• Used primarily for:
– multiplication
– division
– roots
– logarithm
– Trigonometry
• Not normally used for addition or
subtraction.
William Oughtred
Slide Rule
History of Computer
8. Pascaline
• Invented by Blaise Pascal in
1642.
• It was its limitation to addition
and subtraction.
• It is too expensive. Blaise Pascal
Pascaline
History of Computer
9. Stepped Reckoner
• Invented by Gottfried
Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672.
• The machine that can add,
subtract, multiply and
divide automatically.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Stepped Reckoner
History of Computer
10. Jacquard Loom
• The Jacquard Loom is a mechanical loom,
invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1881.
• It’s an automatic loom controlled by punched
cards.
Joseph-Marie Jacquard
Jacquard Loom and Punched Cards
History of Computer
11. Arithmometer
• A mechanical calculator
invented by Thomas de
Colmar in 1820.
• The first reliable, useful and
commercially successful
calculating machine.
• The machine could perform
the four basic mathematic
functions.
• The first mass-produced
calculating machine.
Thomas de Colmar
Arithmometer
History of Computer
12. Difference Engine and Analytical Engine
• It’s an automatic, mechanical calculator designed
to tabulate polynomial functions.
• Invented by Charles Babbage (Father of
Computer) in 1822 and 1834.
• It is the first mechanical computer.
Charles Babbage Difference Engine Analytical Engine
History of Computer
13. First Computer Programmer
• In 1840, Augusta Ada
Byron suggests to
Babbage that he use the
binary system.
• She writes programs for
the Analytical Engine.
Augusta Ada Byron
History of Computer
14. Scheutzian Calculation Engine
• Invented by Per Georg Scheutz in 1843.
• Based on Charles Babbage's difference
engine.
• The first printing calculator.
Per Georg Scheutz
Scheutzian Calculation Engine
History of Computer
15. Tabulating Machine
• Invented by Herman Hollerith
in 1890.
• To assist in summarizing
information and accounting.
Herman Hollerith
Tabulating Machine
History of Computer
16. Harvard Mark 1
• Also known as IBM Automatic
Sequence Controlled
Calculator (ASCC).
• Invented by Howard H. Aiken in
1943.
• The first electro-mechanical
computer. Howard H. Aiken
Harvard Mark 1
History of Computer
17. Z1
• The first programmable computer.
• Created by Konrad Zuse in Germany from 1936 to
1938.
• To program the Z1 required that the user insert punch
tape into a punch tape reader and all output was also
generated through punch tape.
Konrad Zuse Z1
History of Computer
18. Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)
• It was the first electronic digital computing
device.
• Invented by Professor John Atanasoff and
graduate student Clifford Berry at Iowa State
University between 1939 and 1942.
Professor John Atanasoff
Atanasoff-Berry Computer
History of Computer
19. ENIAC
• ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer.
• It was the first electronic general purpose computer.
• Completed in 1946.
• Developed by John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly.
ENIACJohn W. Mauchly and
John Presper Eckert
History of Computer
20. UNIVAC 1
• The UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic
Computer 1) was the first commercial
computer.
• Designed by J. Presper Eckert and John
Mauchly.
UNIVAC 1
History of Computer
21. EDVAC
• EDVAC stands for Electronic Discrete Variable
Automatic Computer.
• The First Stored Program Computer
• Designed by Von Neumann in 1952.
• It has a memory to hold both a stored program as
well as data.
EDVAC
History of Computer
22. Osborne 1
• The first portable computer.
• Released in 1981 by the Osborne
Computer Corporation.
Osborne 1
History of Computer
23. The First Computer Company
• The first computer company was the
Electronic Controls Company.
• Founded in 1949 by J. Presper Eckert and
John Mauchly.
History of Computer
24. Computer Generations
There are five generations of computer:
• First Generation – 1946 – 1958
• Second generation – 1959 – 1964
• Third generation – 1965 – 1970
• Fourth generation – 1971 – today
• Fifth generation – Today to future
History of Computer
25. The First Generation
• First generation computers relied on
machine language, the lowest-level
programming language understood by
computers, to perform operations, and they
could only solve one problem at a time.
• Input was based on punched cards and
paper tape, and output was displayed on
printouts.
History of Computer
Vacuum Tubes
• The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous,
taking up entire rooms.
• They were very expensive to operate and in addition to
using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat,
which was often the cause of malfunctions.
26. The Second Generation
• Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and
ushered in the second generation of
computers.
• One transistor replaced the equivalent
of 40 vacuum tubes.
• Allowing computers to become smaller,
faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient
and more reliable.
History of Computer
• Still generated a great deal of heat that can damage the computer.
• Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine
language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed
programmers to specify instructions in words.
• Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for input
and printouts for output.
• These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in
their memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic core
technology.
Transistor
27. The Third Generation
• The development of the integrated circuit
was the hallmark of the third generation of
computers.
• Transistors were miniaturized and placed on
silicon chips, called semiconductors, which
drastically increased the speed and efficiency
of computers.
• Much smaller and cheaper compare to the
second generation computers.
History of Computer
• It could carry out instructions in billionths of a second.
• Users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards
and monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed
the device to run many different applications at one time with a central
program that monitored the memory.
• Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience
because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.
Integrated Circuit
28. The Fourth Generation
• The microprocessor brought the
fourth generation of computers, as
thousands of integrated circuits
were built onto a single silicon chip.
• As these small computers became
more powerful, they could be linked
together to form networks, which
eventually led to the development of
the Internet.
• Fourth generation computers also
saw the development of GUIs, the
mouse and handheld devices.
History of Computer
Microprocessor
29. The Fifth Generation
• Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI).
• Still in development.
• The use of parallel processing and
superconductors is helping to make artificial
intelligence a reality.
• The goal is to develop devices that respond to
natural language input and are capable of
learning and self-organization.
• There are some applications, such as voice
recognition, that are being used today.
History of Computer