The document discusses key elements of OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard including:
1) Maintaining an inventory of hazardous materials
2) Providing material safety data sheets (MSDS) with detailed information on each material
3) Properly labeling containers of hazardous materials
4) Training employees on hazardous materials identification and safe handling
5) Developing a written hazard communication program
Every employee has the right to know what chemicals and hazards they work with every day. This training provides workers and supervisors and management with a basic understanding of OSHA's Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) requirements for every workplace: a written HAZCOM program, training, inventory, material safety data sheets, and labels.
Every employee has the right to know what chemicals and hazards they work with every day. This training provides workers and supervisors and management with a basic understanding of OSHA's Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) requirements for every workplace: a written HAZCOM program, training, inventory, material safety data sheets, and labels.
Safe Chemical Handling & Initial Spill ResponseDavid Horowitz
This presentation was prepared for the Sixteenth Annual Southeastern Massachusetts Drinking Water Fair held on June 16, 2011 at the Massachusetts Maritime Academy. The event was hosted by the Barnstable County Water Utilities Association and the Plymouth County Water Works Association. Attendees received Training Contact Hours (TCHs).
A powerpoint presentation designed to cover the basics of Personal Protective Equipment including gloves, respiratory, earplugs, etc... Can be used in training employees. Made available free from www.nationalsafetyinc.com
Chemicals are the most common and significant health hazards and Chemicals can be hazardous for numerous reasons and can combine with other chemicals to make new hazards.
Therefore All hazards must be taken into account when using and storing chemicals.
# Understand that chemicals hazards.
# Understand that safe storage is an important issue.
# Understand that many chemical injuries result from
improper storage.
# Know four basic rules of chemical safety.
# Be aware of the categories of dangerous chemicals
and appropriate safety precautions.
Osha and GHS HAZCOM Training - Webinar with marie atheyFarhan Jaffry
Marie Athey, OSHAcampus.com OSHT trainer answers your questions regarding the latest GHS and OSHA Hazard Communication Standards mandated by OSHA which is synched with the Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals.
Safe Chemical Handling & Initial Spill ResponseDavid Horowitz
This presentation was prepared for the Sixteenth Annual Southeastern Massachusetts Drinking Water Fair held on June 16, 2011 at the Massachusetts Maritime Academy. The event was hosted by the Barnstable County Water Utilities Association and the Plymouth County Water Works Association. Attendees received Training Contact Hours (TCHs).
A powerpoint presentation designed to cover the basics of Personal Protective Equipment including gloves, respiratory, earplugs, etc... Can be used in training employees. Made available free from www.nationalsafetyinc.com
Chemicals are the most common and significant health hazards and Chemicals can be hazardous for numerous reasons and can combine with other chemicals to make new hazards.
Therefore All hazards must be taken into account when using and storing chemicals.
# Understand that chemicals hazards.
# Understand that safe storage is an important issue.
# Understand that many chemical injuries result from
improper storage.
# Know four basic rules of chemical safety.
# Be aware of the categories of dangerous chemicals
and appropriate safety precautions.
Osha and GHS HAZCOM Training - Webinar with marie atheyFarhan Jaffry
Marie Athey, OSHAcampus.com OSHT trainer answers your questions regarding the latest GHS and OSHA Hazard Communication Standards mandated by OSHA which is synched with the Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals.
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals - an initiative to improve employee safety by standardizing chemical labels, Safety Data Sheets and pictograms
The following presentation discussess the changes to the OSHA HAZCOM standard to comply with the GHS rules. As of 1 Dec 13, all business should have completed the training to inform the workforce of the changes to product labels and containers as well as information provided on Safety Data Sheets. If you need help with your GHS policy, program, or procedures, contact us by telephone in the US at 1+ 7322215687 or by email at windsgroup@aol.com.
Young, new and migrant workers need special attention because it has been shown that they are at more risk of injury than their older or more experienced counterparts, especially in the first four to six months of employment.
In this free webinar, Jan Chappel from CCOHS will discuss how experience has shown that a successful training or outreach program will:
Cover the overall training needs (health and safety rights and responsibilities, hazard recognition and control, preparing for emergencies),
Recognize the difference between education and training, and
Incorporate best practice approach for reaching young, new or migrant workers and acknowledge the differences between these groups.
Tailored, audience-specific approaches that match the needs of the workers are best at achieving higher awareness for health and safety, and fewer accidents or incidents.
About the Presenter
Jan Chappel is a Senior Technical Specialist with the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS), and is a project leader and author for OSH Answers (fact sheets) and publications.
She also works on a variety of projects including creating e-learning courses, developing OSH educational material for teachers in Ontario and Costa Rica, and projects such as healthy workplaces and designing a national web site for young workers in Canada.
Jan has a background in both Occupational Hygiene from the University of Toronto (MHSc) and Health Studies from the University of Waterloo.
This webinar was presented on May 3, 2011, as part of North American Occupational Safety and Health Week 2011.
Employers, what does GHS mean to you? This webinar provides a quick overview of GHS as it relates to WHMIS, identifies what’s new, what’s changed, what’s stayed the same and important timelines. Learn about pictograms, signal words, hazard statements and precautionary statements. Get ready!
http://www.ccohs.ca/products/webinars/ghs_employers/
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Ammonium Carbonate - Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for Cosmesome-Ubq (containing alcohol). Proliposome formulation manufactured by Encapsula NanoSciences that is used specifically in the cosmetic industry. The brand name is Cosmesome-Ubq. The Cosmesome-Ubq formulation is composed of saturated phospholipids that form interdigitated lipids containing CoQ10 in the presence of alcohol. The proliposome formulation forms liposomes upon dilution with water. During the dilution process water soluble active ingredients can be encapsulated inside the liposomes or liposoluble active ingredients can be incorporated into the lipid bilayers
learn about hazardous chemicals and how to be safe. This regulation is designed to make information about hazardous chemicals that are present in work places available to exposed employees. Provides guidance on the safe handling practices and conditions for safe storage of chemicals. Section 8 – Exposure Controls /. Personal Protection Employers are required to provide information to their employees about the hazardous chemicals to which they are exposed using: A hazard communication program.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for Dermasome-Ubq (containing alcohol). Proliposome formulation manufactured by Encapsula NanoSciences that is used specifically in the cosmetic industry. The brand name is Dermasome-Ubq. The Dermasome-Ubq formulation is composed of unsaturated phospholipids in the presence of ethanol. The proliposome formulation forms liposomes containing CoQ10 upon dilution with water. During the dilution process water soluble active ingredients can be encapsulated inside the liposomes or liposoluble active ingredients can be incorporated into the lipid bilayers.
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
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Key Elements of the OSHA Hazard
Communication Standard
The OSHA Hazard Communication Standard is composed of five key elements.
These five key elements are:
1. Materials Inventory - A list of the hazardous materials present in your
work area.
2. Material Safety Data Sheets - A detailed description of each hazardous
material listed in the Materials Inventory.
3. Labeling - Containers of hazardous materials must have labels which
identify the material and warn of its potential hazard to employees.
4. Training - All employees must be trained to identify and work safely with
hazardous materials.
5. Written Program - A written program must be developed which ties all of
the above together.
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What Do I Need to Know?
Employees often ask themselves the following questions:
1. How can this material hurt me?
2. What can I do to protect myself?
3. Where can I find the answers to the first two questions
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Where to Find the Information You Need
Your most immediate source for information can be found on labels attached to
containers which hold various hazardous materials.
Your second source of information is Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs).
Material Safety Data Sheets will be discussed in the next section.
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What Must Be Labeled
The OSHA Hazard Communication Standard requires that ALL hazardous materials
be labeled. Labels must appear either on the container itself, the batch ticket,
placard, or the process sheets.
Hazardous chemicals in portable containers which are for the immediate use of the
employee who performs the transfer is the exception to this rule.
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Material Safety Data Sheets
While labels are an effective way to display information about hazardous materials,
there will be times when you will want more information than can be included on a
label.
You can find additional information about the hazardous materials you work with in
what is called a Material Safety Data Sheet, or MSDS for short. You should take
time to read and understand the MSDSs describing the hazardous materials present
in your work area.
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Hazardous Waste/Material
• Definition:
- “Hazardous waste is a hazardous
material which has been determined
unusable for its original purpose.”
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What is an MSDS?
A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides detailed information about a specific
hazardous material. An MSDS contains the following information:
Identity (name of substance)
Physical Hazards (target organ)
Health Hazards
Routes of Body Entry
Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL)
Carcinogenic Factors (cancer causing)
Safe-Handling Procedures
Data of Sheet Preparation
Control Measures (personal protective equipment)
Emergency First Aid Procedures (emergency telephone number)
Contact Information (for the preparer of the sheet)
Special Instructions
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When Do You Use an MSDS?
Some chemicals, such as sodium hydroxide, are very
dangerous. If you have an accident, you may not have
time to look up the information you need in an MSDS.
You should read the MSDSs for the hazardous
materials present in your work area before you work
with them.
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How to Find an MSDS
Ask your supervisor or POL Rep where MSDSs are located. Take time to read the
MSDSs which describe the hazardous materials present in your work area.
Remember, knowing where MSDSs are located and how to use them is your
responsibility; it is part of your job.
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Materials Which Use the Fire Symbol
There are three classes of materials which use the
fire symbol.
1. Flammables can be gases, liquids or solids.
Flammables ignite easily and burn rapidly.
Liquid flammables have a flashpoint under 100
degrees Fahrenheit.
2. Combustibles are similar to flammables, but
they do not ignite as easily. Liquid combustibles
have a flash point above 100 degrees
Fahrenheit.
3. Pyrophoric, or spontaneous combustion
materials, burst into flames "on their own" at
temperatures below 130 degrees Fahrenheit.
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Working with Materials That Use the Fire Symbol
Whenever you work with a material that uses the fire
symbol, be sure to read the warning label and the
MSDS for safe handling procedures. With flammables,
combustibles, and pyrophorics, do not expose these
materials to sparks, flames or other heat sources. You
must also not smoke or light a match or flame near
them.
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Acute vs. Chronic
The effects of health hazards are classified as either:
1. Acute
2.Chronic
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Acute Health Hazards
Acute Health Hazards are those whose effects occur immediately or soon after you
come in contact with them.
For example, you accidentally spill a strong acid on your hand. The acid will begin
to burn your hand immediately. Or, you begin to work with a paint solvent in a
closed area, and the fumes make you feel dizzy.
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Chronic Health Hazards
Chronic Health Hazards, on the other hand, are those whose effects take years or
decades to occur after many exposures.
An example of a chronic health hazard would be asbestos. The dangerous effects
for people who have been overexposed to asbestos take years to appear and have
been linked to a number of fatal lung diseases.
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Routes of Exposure
It's important to remember that hazardous materials present a health hazard only
when they come into contact with the body. Chemicals can enter the body in three
ways:
1. Inhalation
2. Skin absorption
3. Ingestion
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Inhalation
Inhalation is the most common route of exposure for
most health hazards. This includes breathing in dust,
fumes, oil mist, and vapors from solvents and various
gases.
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Skin Contact
Some chemicals are absorbed into the body through skin
contact. If a chemical is readily absorbed into the skin,
then the notation "skin" will appear along with the
occupational exposure limits on the MSDS. Corrosive
chemicals can cause burns and tissue destruction. Extra
care must be taken to prevent skin and eye contact with
these chemicals. This is why wearing aprons, gloves, eye
protection, and other protective clothing is important when
working with some chemicals.
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Ingestion
It is possible to accidentally eat chemicals
that are health hazards. To insure that
you do not accidentally eat any of the
chemicals you work with:
1.Never eat foods in areas where
chemicals are used.
2.Never smoke in areas were
chemicals are used.
3.Wash your hands and face with soap
and water after working with
chemicals before you eat, drink, or
smoke.
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Major Types of Health Hazards
Any chemical that may be harmful to your health is called a health hazard. The
following is a brief description of the major types of health hazards.
Corrosives - cause tissue damage and burns on contact with the skin and eyes.
Primary Irritants - cause intense redness or swelling of the skin or eyes on contact,
but with no permanent tissue damage.
Sensitizers - cause an allergic skin or lung reaction.
Acutely Toxic Materials - cause an adverse effect, even at a very low dose.
Carcinogens - may cause cancer.
Teratogens - may cause birth defects.
Organ Specific Hazards - may cause damage to specific organ systems, such as the
blood, liver, lungs, or reproductive system.
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Health Hazard Symbols
This symbol is used to identify materials which are
Corrosives. Corrosives cause tissue damage and
burns on contact with skin or eyes.
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