This document provides an overview of OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard and chemical hazards. It discusses what constitutes a chemical hazard, physical and health hazards, and specific types of hazardous chemicals like flammables and corrosives. It describes the requirements of OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard including developing a written hazard communication program, obtaining material safety data sheets, labeling containers, and training employees. The purpose is to ensure chemical hazards are evaluated and information about those hazards is communicated to employers and employees.
2. Introduction
What is a Chemical Hazard?
Answer: Any chemical that can cause illness, injury,
or an emergency.
Chemical Hazards
Physical
Health
12/3/2016
5. OHSA’s Haz-Com Standard
12/3/2016
OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard is designed to protect
employees from hazardous chemicals used or stored in the work
setting.
Also referred to as the "Right-To-Know Law" Law, the Hazard
Communication Standard requires that information and
training (i.e.,hazcom training) be provided to any employees
who have the potential of being exposed to a hazardous chemical
“under normal condition of use or in a foreseeable emergency.”
Such hazcom training requires the presence of hazardous
chemicals be communicated to employees in a variety of ways,
including:
6. Purpose
The purpose of the standard is to
make sure that the hazards of
chemicals are evaluated
That information concerning their
hazards is communicated to
employers and employees
12/3/2016
7. Who is covered
OSHA’s Hazard Communication
(HazCom) standard applies to general
industry, shipyard, marine terminals,
longshoring, and construction employment
and covers chemical manufacturers,
importers, employers, and employees
exposed to chemical hazards.
Horizontal
12/3/2016
8. HazCom Requirements
The hazardous chemical inventory
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
Labels, tags or signs
The written Hazard Communication program
12/3/2016
9. Hazard Communication
Why?
Reduce workplace injury and illness
Regulation promulgated by OSHA
Program must include:
Hazard determination methods
Chemical inventory
Chemical labeling procedures
Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
Employee training
Written HazCom program
9
10. Hazardous Chemicals
What are the hazards associated with chemicals?
10
Physical Hazards
Flammable/Combustible
Organic-metals
Explosives
Corrosives
Cryogenics
Compressed Gases
Health Hazards
Carcinogens
Irritants
Mutagens
Teratogens
Sensitizers
Cryogenics
Highly Toxic
Target Organ
Chemicals
11. Comparison of hazard pictograms
from the GHS & the corresponding
ADG Code class labels
12. Routes of Entry or Exposure
How do chemicals attack the body?
Skin and or Eye Contact
Absorbed through skin or dissolve in eye fluids
Inhalation
Absorbed by breathing vapors, fumes, dust
Ingestion
Usually done accidentally
Clear chemicals confused with drinking water
Chemicals splashed in mouth
Injection
Needles, pipette tips, cannulas
12
13. Detecting Exposure
How do we know if we are exposed?
Smell
Taste
Physical symptoms
Changes in behavior
Air sampling
If you are unsure how to detect:
Check Safety Data Sheet
Contact Safety & Risk Services
13
14. Exposure Response
How will we respond to chemical exposure?
Depends on many factors
Idenity of chemical
Concentration
Length of exposure
How exposed or route of exposure
Other:
Age/Gender/Weight
Level of fitness
Level of exertion
Specific allergies
Other chemicals in body (drugs, tobacco)
14
15. Reducing Exposure
How can we reduce employee exposure?
Identify hazard
Evaluate hazard
Eliminate hazard
Substitution
Process change
Control hazard
Personal Protective Equipment
Employee work practices
Minimization
Engineering controls
Ventilation
Isolation 15
16. Training Tips: HazCom
What do I teach employees?
Training should be specific to area
Often called “Area Specific”
Employees should know about:
What chemicals are in area
Where chemicals are located
Hazard determination methods
Location of inventory & SDS’s
How to read SDS
How to read labels
What personal protective equipment to use
16
17. Responsibilities: HazCom
What are my responsibilities for HazCom?
Documents are in order:
Hazard Communication (HazCom) program available
Current chemical inventory
All chemicals have SDS and are available at all times
Coordinate HazCom training for employees
Record training and maintain on file
Be sure all chemical containers have chemical labels
17
18. Background
The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) is based on a
simple concept--that employees have both a need and a
right to know the hazards and identities of the chemicals
they are exposed to when working
12/3/2016
19. Background
They also need to know what protective measures are
available to prevent adverse effects from occurring
The HCS is designed to provide employees with the
information they need
MSDS
12/3/2016
20. Employers
Employers are required to provide information to their
employees about the hazardous chemicals to which they
are exposed using:
A hazard communication program
labels and other forms of warnings
material safety data sheets (MSDS)
information and training
12/3/2016
21. Warehouse and Retail Operations
In work operations where employees only handle
chemicals in sealed containers, which are not opened
under normal conditions
Employers must only do the following:
Ensure labels on incoming chemicals are not
defaced or removed
Maintain copies of any material safety data sheets that are
received with incoming shipments
Obtain MSDS a.s.a.p. for shipments received w/out MSDS
12/3/2016
22. Warehouse and Retail Operations
Provide employees with information and training (no written
program required) to the extent necessary to protect them
in the event of a spill or leak of a hazardous chemical from
a sealed container
12/3/2016
23. Labeling Exemptions
Other federal agencies control the labeling requirements
for the following substances:
Pesticides
Chemicals covered under the Toxic Substance Control Act
Foods or food additives
Distilled Spirits, tobacco
Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics
Hazardous wastes
12/3/2016
24. Employer Requirements-
Written Program
Employers must develop a written program that covers at
least:
Labels and other forms of warnings
Material Safety Data Sheets
Employee Information and Training
12/3/2016
25. Employer Requirements-
Written Program
Employers must develop a written program that covers at
least:
A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present at the
facility along with MSDS’s for each chemical
The methods the employer will use to inform employees
of the hazards non-routine tasks
The hazards of chemicals in
unlabeled pipes
12/3/2016
26. Multi-Employer Workplaces
If employees of other employers could be exposed to
hazardous chemicals the program must include:
Methods to provide contractor employees with on-site access
to MSDS for each chemical those workers may be exposed
to
The methods used to inform other employers of any
precautionary measures to be taken for normal and
emergency situations
The employers chemical labeling system
12/3/2016
27. Consumer Products Exemption
Any consumer product as defined in the Consumer Product
Safety Act where the employer can show that:
It is used in the workplace for the purpose intended
The use results in a duration and frequency of exposure
which is not greater than the range of exposures that could
reasonably be experienced by consumers when used for the
purpose intended
12/3/2016
28. Written Program Availability
The employer must make the written program available,
upon request, to:
Employees and their designated representatives
Where work is carried out at more than one location, the
program may be kept at the main location
12/3/2016
29. Labels, Tags and Markings
The employer must ensure that each container of
hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged
or marked with the following:
Identity of the hazardous chemical
Appropriate hazard warnings
This above labeling information is required of the
manufacturer so the employer must ensure that the
original labels from the manufacturer are on all
containers and remain legible
12/3/2016
30. Chemical Labels
What must be on a chemical label?
All chemical containers must have labels
Manufacturer label usually appropriate
Label must include but not limited to:
Name of chemical
Name and address of manufacturer
Hazards associated with chemical
Many types of labels are commercially available
May use “homemade” label (chemical identity & hazards)
Use of hazard ratings on labels
https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3636.pdf
30
32. Container Labeling Exemption for Portable Containers
The employer is not required to label portable containers
into which hazardous chemicals are transferred from
labeled containers, and which are intended only for the
immediate use by the employee who performs the
transfer
12/3/2016
33. The employer need not affix new labels to
comply with the standard if existing labels
already covey the required information
12/3/2016
34. New Hazard Information
Manufacturers, importers, distributors
and employers who become newly
aware of significant information
regarding chemical hazards shall:
Revise the labels for the chemical
within three months
Revise the MSDS for the chemical
within three months
12/3/2016
35. MSDS kept in other forms
MSDS may be kept in any form including operating
procedures
It may be more appropriate to address the hazards of a
process rather than individual hazardous chemicals
12/3/2016
36. Employee Information and Training
Employers must provide employees information
and training on hazardous chemicals in their work
area:
At the time of their initial assignment
Whenever a new physical or health hazard the
employees have not previously been trained about is
introduced into their work area
Training may cover categories of hazards
12/3/2016
37. Employee Information
Employers must inform employees:
Of the training requirements of this section (1910.1200 (h)
Employee information and training.);
Any operations in their work area where hazardous
chemicals are present;
The location and availability of the
written hazard communication program
12/3/2016
38. Employee Training
Employee training shall include at least:
The means to detect the presence or release of a hazardous
chemical in the work area
The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work
area
Measures employees can take to protect themselves
Details of the employers specific program
12/3/2016
39. Health Hazards
Category A-Biological Agents
Category B-Physical Agents
Category C-Chemical Agents
Chemical Agents-This Discussion
12/3/2016
40. Chemical Health Effects
Irritants: Inflame skin tissue on contact.
Corrosives: Destroy skin tissue at point of
contact.
Sensitizers: Cause allergic reactions.
Target-Organ Chemicals: Damage specific
body organs and systems.
Reproductive Hazards: Change genetic
information in egg or sperm cells and/or
damage fetus after conception.
Carcinogens: Cause cancer.
12/3/2016
45. Hepatotoxins
Chemicals which produce liver damage
Signs and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver enlargement
Chemicals: Carbon Tetrachloride, nitrosamines
12/3/2016
46. Nephrotoxins
Chemicals which produce
kidney damage
Signs and Symptoms: Edema
Chemicals: Halogenated
Hydrocarbons, uranium
12/3/2016
47. Neurotoxins
Chemicals which produce their
primary toxic effects on the
nervous system
Signs and Symptoms: Narcosis,
behavioral changes, decreased
motor function
Chemicals: Mercury, carbon
disulfide, lead
12/3/2016
48. Agents which act on the blood
Decrease hemoglobin
function, deprive the body
tissues of oxygen
Signs and Symptoms:
Cyanosis, loss of
consciousness
Chemicals: Carbon monoxide,
cyanides
12/3/2016
49. Agents which damage the lungs
Chemicals which damage
pulmonary tissue
Signs and Symptoms:
Cough, tightness in the
chest, loss of breath
Chemicals: Asbestos, silica
12/3/2016
50. Reproductive toxins
Chemicals which damage
reproductive capabilities
Includes chromosomal damage
(mutations) and damage to
fetuses (teratogenesis)
Signs and Symptoms: Birth
defects, sterility
Chemicals: Lead
12/3/2016
51. Cutaneous hazards
Chemicals which effect the
dermal layer of the body
Signs and Symptoms:
Defatting of the skin,
rashes, irritation
Chemicals: Ketones,
chlorinated compounds
12/3/2016
52. Eye hazards
Chemicals which affect the eye or visual capacity
Signs and symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal damage,
blurred vision, burning or irritation
Chemicals: Solvents, corrosives, Caustic
12/3/2016
53. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
are one of the most important tools
available to employers for providing information,
and protection to workers from hazardous
chemicals which are used in the workplace.
12/3/2016
54. 1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, required
information
Identity of the chemical
Physical and chemical
characteristics
Physical hazards
Chemical hazards
Primary routes of entry
PEL’s or other exposure limits
Control measures
Emergency procedures
Whether the hazardous
chemical is listed in the
National Toxicology Program
(NTP) Annual Report on
Carcinogens
precautions for safe handling
and use
Date of preparation
Name, address and
telephone of the
manufacturer
12/3/2016
55. CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT
Emergency Management
Prepare for and prevent emergencies
Fires
Spills/releases
Injuries
Emergency response must be part of basic work
procedures and employees must be trained.
Evacuation
Fire brigade
Spill response
Medical response
56. CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT
Incident Investigations
All incidents, regardless of severity, must be investigated
– and lessons learned used for prevention
Formal investigation of serious incidents
Accountability at all levels
Management of Plant at which incident occurred through
employees and investigation team.
57. CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT
Proper and Safe Chemical Management
Part of the facility culture
Part of every employee’s activity
Recognition of safety improvement
Safety is everyone’s responsibility.
58. Setting up a program
The HCS covers both:
Physical hazards (such as flammability), and
Health hazards (such as irritation, lung damage, and cancer)
Most chemicals used in the workplace have some hazard
potential, and thus will be covered by the rule
12/3/2016
59. Setting up a program
One difference between this rule and many others adopted
by OSHA is that this one is performance-oriented
That means that you have the flexibility to adapt the rule to
the needs of your workplace, rather than having to follow
specific, rigid requirements
12/3/2016
60. Setting up a program
Make a list of all chemicals in the workplace that are
potentially hazardous
The best way to prepare a comprehensive list is to
survey the workplace
Identify chemicals in containers, including pipes
Establish purchasing procedures so that MSDSs are
being received before a material is used in the
workplace
12/3/2016
61. Identify hazardous chemicals
Compile a complete list of the potentially hazardous
chemicals in the workplace
Determine if you have received material safety data
sheets for all of them
If any are missing, contact your supplier and
request one
You should not allow employees to use any
chemicals for which you have not received an
MSDS
12/3/2016
62. Preparing and implementing a hazard
communication program
All workplaces where employees are
exposed to hazardous chemicals must have
a written plan
The plan does not have to be lengthy or
complicated
12/3/2016
63. Employee training
If there are only a few chemicals in the workplace, then you
may want to discuss each one individually
Where there are large numbers of chemicals, or the
chemicals change frequently, you will probably want to
train generally based on the hazard categories (e.g.,
flammable liquids, corrosive materials, carcinogens)
12/3/2016
64. Documentation
The rule does not require
employers to maintain records of
employee training, but many
employers choose to do so
This may help you monitor your
own program to ensure that all
employees are appropriately
trained
Hazard
Communication
12/3/2016
65. Recognizing Chemical Health
Effects-What to Look for.
Symptoms appear while you are at work.
Symptoms get worse during the work week but go
away when you are off.
Fellow employees have reported similar
symptoms.
12/3/2016
66. Forms of Chemical Hazards
Solids, Liquids, Gases, Vapors, Mists, Dusts, and
Fumes.
Exposure Routes
12/3/2016
67. Control of Chemical Hazards and
Exposures
Engineering and Mechanical Controls
Personal Protective Equipment
Administrative and Procedural Controls
12/3/2016
69. Chemical Spill Response
CFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Response Standard (HAZWOPER)
Option #1-Evacuate employees and call in
professional emergency response personnel.
(EAP) 29 CFR1010.38(a)
Option #2-Respond internally. (EAP) 29 CFR
1010.120
12/3/2016
70. Emergency Response Plan (ERP)
ECC availability
Roles of individual defined
Trained First Aiders & Fire Fighters
Emergency Alarm
Communication
List of Emergency Telephone numbers
Emergency Equipments & PPE’s
Training & Mock Drill
12/3/2016
71. First Aid for Chemical Exposure
Ingestion
Inhalation
Skin Contact
Eye Contact
Burns
12/3/2016