This document describes a study that designs a fractional order PID (FOPID) controller using soft computing methods for a buck-boost DC-DC power converter. A FOPID controller is proposed to improve the dynamic response of the converter compared to a conventional PID controller. Particle swarm optimization and cuckoo search algorithms are used to tune the parameters of the FOPID controller (KP, Ki, Kd, λ, μ) to regulate the output voltage. Simulation results show that the FOPID controller designed with both algorithms achieves faster response times, lower overshoot, and better settling performance compared to a PID controller.
FRACTIONAL ORDER PID CONTROLLER TUNING BASED ON IMC IJITCA Journal
In this work, a class of fractional order controller (FOPID) is tuned based on internal model control
(IMC). This tuning rule has been obtained without any approximation of time delay. Moreover to show
usefulness of fractional order controller in comparison with classical integer order controllers, an
industrial PID controller tuned in a similar way, is compared with FOPID and then robust stability of both
controllers is investigated. Robust stability analysis has been done to find maximum delayed time
uncertainty interval which results in a stable closed loop control system. For a typical system, robust
stability has been done to find maximum time constant uncertainty interval of system. Two clarify the
proposed control system design procedure, three examples have been given.
Abstract - This paper addresses some of the potential benefits of
using fuzzy logic controllers to control an inverted pendulum
system. The stages of the development of a fuzzy logic controller
using a four input Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model were presented.
The main idea of this paper is to implement and optimize fuzzy
logic control algorithms in order to balance the inverted
pendulum and at the same time reducing the computational time
of the controller. In this work, the inverted pendulum system was
modeled and constructed using Simulink and the performance of
the proposed fuzzy logic controller is compared to the more
commonly used PID controller through simulations using Matlab.
Simulation results show that the Fuzzy Logic Controllers are far
more superior compared to PID controllers in terms of overshoot,
settling time and response to parameter changes.
FRACTIONAL ORDER PID CONTROLLER TUNING BASED ON IMC IJITCA Journal
In this work, a class of fractional order controller (FOPID) is tuned based on internal model control
(IMC). This tuning rule has been obtained without any approximation of time delay. Moreover to show
usefulness of fractional order controller in comparison with classical integer order controllers, an
industrial PID controller tuned in a similar way, is compared with FOPID and then robust stability of both
controllers is investigated. Robust stability analysis has been done to find maximum delayed time
uncertainty interval which results in a stable closed loop control system. For a typical system, robust
stability has been done to find maximum time constant uncertainty interval of system. Two clarify the
proposed control system design procedure, three examples have been given.
Abstract - This paper addresses some of the potential benefits of
using fuzzy logic controllers to control an inverted pendulum
system. The stages of the development of a fuzzy logic controller
using a four input Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model were presented.
The main idea of this paper is to implement and optimize fuzzy
logic control algorithms in order to balance the inverted
pendulum and at the same time reducing the computational time
of the controller. In this work, the inverted pendulum system was
modeled and constructed using Simulink and the performance of
the proposed fuzzy logic controller is compared to the more
commonly used PID controller through simulations using Matlab.
Simulation results show that the Fuzzy Logic Controllers are far
more superior compared to PID controllers in terms of overshoot,
settling time and response to parameter changes.
Closed-loop step response for tuning PID fractional-order filter controllersISA Interchange
Analytical methods are usually applied for tuning fractional controllers. The present paper proposes an empirical method for tuning a new type of fractional controller known as PID-Fractional-Order-Filter (FOF-PID). Indeed, the setpoint overshoot method, initially introduced by Shamsuzzoha and Skogestad, has been adapted for tuning FOF-PID controller. Based on simulations for a range of first order with time delay processes, correlations have been derived to obtain PID-FOF controller parameters similar to those obtained by the Internal Model Control (IMC) tuning rule. The setpoint overshoot method requires only one closed-loop step response experiment using a proportional controller (P-controller). To highlight the potential of this method, simulation results have been compared with those obtained with the IMC method as well as other pertinent techniques. Various case studies have also been considered. The comparison has revealed that the proposed tuning method performs as good as the IMC. Moreover, it might offer a number of advantages over the IMC tuning rule. For instance, the parameters of the frac- tional controller are directly obtained from the setpoint closed-loop response data without the need of any model of the plant to be controlled.
Speed Control of DC Motor using PID FUZZY Controller.Binod kafle
speed control of separately excited dc motor using fuzzy PID controller(FLC).In this research, speed of separately excited DC motor is controlled at 1500 RPM using two approaches i.e. PSO PID and fuzzy logic based PID controller. A mathematical model of system is needed for PSO PID while knowledge based rules obtained via experiment required for fuzzy PID controller . The conventional PID controller parameters are obtained using PSO optimization technique. The simulation is performed using the in-built toolbox from MATLAB and output response are analyzed. The tuning of fuzzy PID uses simple approach based on the rules proposed and membership function of the fuzzy variables. Design specification of fuzzy logic controller (FLC) requires fuzzification, rule list and defuzzification process. The FLC has two input and three output. Inputs are the speed error and rate of change in speed error. The corresponding outputs are Kp, Ki and Kd. There are 25 fuzzy based rule list. FLC uses mamdani system which employs fuzzy sets in consequent part. The obtained result is compared on the basis of rise time, peak time, settling time, overshoot and steady state error. PSO PID controller has fast response but slightly greater overshoot whereas fuzzy PID controller has sluggish response but low overshoot. The selection can be done on the basis of system properties and working environment conditions. PSO PID can be used where the response desired is fast like robotics where as fuzzy PID can be used where desired operation is smooth like industries.
Modeling and Control of MIMO Headbox System Using Fuzzy LogicIJERA Editor
The Headbox plays an important role in pulp supply system with sheet forming in paper making process. The air cushion headbox is a nonlinear & strong coupling system. In the air cushion headbox system there were two important parameters which include total head and the stock level for improving pulp product quality. These two parameters make this system MIMO output system so for this a decoupling controls strategy was required for interaction between these two control loops. In this paper fuzzy tuned PID control scheme is proposed for controlling the nonlinear control problem in air cushion headbox after the system being decoupled. An attempt has been made for comparison between classical (PID) and fuzzy tuned PID controller. It concludes that the fuzzy tuned PID controller is found most suitable for MIMO system in terms of obtaining steady state properties. The effects of disturbances are studied through computer simulation using Matlab/Simulink toolbox.
Tuning PI controllers for stable processes with specifications on gain and ph...ISA Interchange
In industrial practice, controller designs are performed based on an approximate model of the actual process. It is essential to design a control system which will exhibit a robust performance because the physical systems can vary with operating conditions and time. Gain and phase margins are well known parameters for evaluating the robustness of a control system. This paper presents a tuning algorithm to design and tune PI controllers for stable processes with a small dead time while meeting specified gain and phase margins. Simulation examples are given to demonstrate that the proposed design method can result, in a closed-loop system, in better performances than existing design methods which are also based on user-specified gain and phase margins.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Tuning of PID controllers for integrating systems using direct synthesis methodISA Interchange
A PID controller is designed for various forms of integrating systems with time delay using direct synthesis method. The method is based on comparing the characteristic equation of the integrating system and PID controller with a filter with the desired characteristic equation. The desired characteristic equation comprises of multiple poles which are placed at the same desired location. The tuning parameter is adjusted so as to achieve the desired robustness. Tuning rules in terms of process parameters are given for various forms of integrating systems. The tuning parameter can be selected for the desired robustness by specifying Ms value. The proposed controller design method is applied to various transfer function models and to the nonlinear model equations of jacketed CSTR to show its effectiveness and applicability.
DESIGN OF FAST TRANSIENT RESPONSE, LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR WITH ENHANCED STEADY...ijcsitcejournal
Design and implementation of control systems for power supplies require the use of efficient techniques that
provide simple and practical solutions in order to fulfill the performance requirements at an acceptable cost.
Application of manual methods of system identification in determining optimal values of controller settings is
quite time-consuming, expensive and, sometimes, may be impossible to practically carry out. This paper
describes an analytical method for the design of a control system for a fast transient response, low dropout
(LDO) linear regulated power supply on the basis of PID compensation. The controller parameters are
obtained from analytical model of the regulator circuit. Test results showed good dynamic characteristics
with adequate margin of stability. This study shows that PID parameter values sufficiently close to optimum
can easily be obtained from analytical study of the regulator system. The applied method of determining
controller settings greatly reduces design time and cost.
Design of Fuzzy Logic Controller for Speed Regulation of BLDC motor using MATLABijsrd.com
Brushless DC (BLDC) motors drives are one of the electrical drives that are rapidly gaining popularity, due to their high efficiency, good dynamic response and low maintenance. The design and development of a BLDC motor drive for commercial applications is presented. The aim of paper is to design a simulation model of inverter fed PMBLDC motor with Fuzzy logic controller. Fuzzy logic controller is developed using fuzzy logic tool box which is available in Matlab. FIS editor used to create .FIS file which contains the Fuzzy Logic Membership function and Rule base. And membership functions of desired output. After creating .FIS file it is implemented in the Matlab Simulink. And the BLDC motor is run satisfactorily using the Fuzzy logic controller.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Closed-loop step response for tuning PID fractional-order filter controllersISA Interchange
Analytical methods are usually applied for tuning fractional controllers. The present paper proposes an empirical method for tuning a new type of fractional controller known as PID-Fractional-Order-Filter (FOF-PID). Indeed, the setpoint overshoot method, initially introduced by Shamsuzzoha and Skogestad, has been adapted for tuning FOF-PID controller. Based on simulations for a range of first order with time delay processes, correlations have been derived to obtain PID-FOF controller parameters similar to those obtained by the Internal Model Control (IMC) tuning rule. The setpoint overshoot method requires only one closed-loop step response experiment using a proportional controller (P-controller). To highlight the potential of this method, simulation results have been compared with those obtained with the IMC method as well as other pertinent techniques. Various case studies have also been considered. The comparison has revealed that the proposed tuning method performs as good as the IMC. Moreover, it might offer a number of advantages over the IMC tuning rule. For instance, the parameters of the frac- tional controller are directly obtained from the setpoint closed-loop response data without the need of any model of the plant to be controlled.
Speed Control of DC Motor using PID FUZZY Controller.Binod kafle
speed control of separately excited dc motor using fuzzy PID controller(FLC).In this research, speed of separately excited DC motor is controlled at 1500 RPM using two approaches i.e. PSO PID and fuzzy logic based PID controller. A mathematical model of system is needed for PSO PID while knowledge based rules obtained via experiment required for fuzzy PID controller . The conventional PID controller parameters are obtained using PSO optimization technique. The simulation is performed using the in-built toolbox from MATLAB and output response are analyzed. The tuning of fuzzy PID uses simple approach based on the rules proposed and membership function of the fuzzy variables. Design specification of fuzzy logic controller (FLC) requires fuzzification, rule list and defuzzification process. The FLC has two input and three output. Inputs are the speed error and rate of change in speed error. The corresponding outputs are Kp, Ki and Kd. There are 25 fuzzy based rule list. FLC uses mamdani system which employs fuzzy sets in consequent part. The obtained result is compared on the basis of rise time, peak time, settling time, overshoot and steady state error. PSO PID controller has fast response but slightly greater overshoot whereas fuzzy PID controller has sluggish response but low overshoot. The selection can be done on the basis of system properties and working environment conditions. PSO PID can be used where the response desired is fast like robotics where as fuzzy PID can be used where desired operation is smooth like industries.
Modeling and Control of MIMO Headbox System Using Fuzzy LogicIJERA Editor
The Headbox plays an important role in pulp supply system with sheet forming in paper making process. The air cushion headbox is a nonlinear & strong coupling system. In the air cushion headbox system there were two important parameters which include total head and the stock level for improving pulp product quality. These two parameters make this system MIMO output system so for this a decoupling controls strategy was required for interaction between these two control loops. In this paper fuzzy tuned PID control scheme is proposed for controlling the nonlinear control problem in air cushion headbox after the system being decoupled. An attempt has been made for comparison between classical (PID) and fuzzy tuned PID controller. It concludes that the fuzzy tuned PID controller is found most suitable for MIMO system in terms of obtaining steady state properties. The effects of disturbances are studied through computer simulation using Matlab/Simulink toolbox.
Tuning PI controllers for stable processes with specifications on gain and ph...ISA Interchange
In industrial practice, controller designs are performed based on an approximate model of the actual process. It is essential to design a control system which will exhibit a robust performance because the physical systems can vary with operating conditions and time. Gain and phase margins are well known parameters for evaluating the robustness of a control system. This paper presents a tuning algorithm to design and tune PI controllers for stable processes with a small dead time while meeting specified gain and phase margins. Simulation examples are given to demonstrate that the proposed design method can result, in a closed-loop system, in better performances than existing design methods which are also based on user-specified gain and phase margins.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Tuning of PID controllers for integrating systems using direct synthesis methodISA Interchange
A PID controller is designed for various forms of integrating systems with time delay using direct synthesis method. The method is based on comparing the characteristic equation of the integrating system and PID controller with a filter with the desired characteristic equation. The desired characteristic equation comprises of multiple poles which are placed at the same desired location. The tuning parameter is adjusted so as to achieve the desired robustness. Tuning rules in terms of process parameters are given for various forms of integrating systems. The tuning parameter can be selected for the desired robustness by specifying Ms value. The proposed controller design method is applied to various transfer function models and to the nonlinear model equations of jacketed CSTR to show its effectiveness and applicability.
DESIGN OF FAST TRANSIENT RESPONSE, LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR WITH ENHANCED STEADY...ijcsitcejournal
Design and implementation of control systems for power supplies require the use of efficient techniques that
provide simple and practical solutions in order to fulfill the performance requirements at an acceptable cost.
Application of manual methods of system identification in determining optimal values of controller settings is
quite time-consuming, expensive and, sometimes, may be impossible to practically carry out. This paper
describes an analytical method for the design of a control system for a fast transient response, low dropout
(LDO) linear regulated power supply on the basis of PID compensation. The controller parameters are
obtained from analytical model of the regulator circuit. Test results showed good dynamic characteristics
with adequate margin of stability. This study shows that PID parameter values sufficiently close to optimum
can easily be obtained from analytical study of the regulator system. The applied method of determining
controller settings greatly reduces design time and cost.
Design of Fuzzy Logic Controller for Speed Regulation of BLDC motor using MATLABijsrd.com
Brushless DC (BLDC) motors drives are one of the electrical drives that are rapidly gaining popularity, due to their high efficiency, good dynamic response and low maintenance. The design and development of a BLDC motor drive for commercial applications is presented. The aim of paper is to design a simulation model of inverter fed PMBLDC motor with Fuzzy logic controller. Fuzzy logic controller is developed using fuzzy logic tool box which is available in Matlab. FIS editor used to create .FIS file which contains the Fuzzy Logic Membership function and Rule base. And membership functions of desired output. After creating .FIS file it is implemented in the Matlab Simulink. And the BLDC motor is run satisfactorily using the Fuzzy logic controller.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design and Analysis of PID and Fuzzy-PID Controller for Voltage Control of DC...Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt
DC microgrids are desired to provide the electricity for the remote areas which are far from the main grid. The microgrid creates the open horizontal environment to interconnect the distributed generation especially photovoltaic (PV). The stochastic nature of the PV output power introduces the large fluctuations of the power and voltage in the microgrid and forced to introduce the controller for voltage stability. There are many control strategies to control the voltage of a DC microgrid in the literature. In this paper the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and fuzzy logic PID (FL-PID) controller has been designed and compared in term of performance. Performance measures like maximum overshoot and settling time of FL-PID compared with the PID proved that the former is better controller. The controllers are designed and simulated in the MATLAB programming environment. The controllers has been tested for the real time data obtained from Pecan Street Project, University of Texas at Austin USA.
A simple, widely used control method. This presentation will provide an introduction to PID controllers, including demonstrations, and practise tuning a controller for a simple system.
From the Un-Distinguished Lecture Series (http://ws.cs.ubc.ca/~udls/). The talk was given Mar. 30, 2007.
International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) provides a multidisciplinary passage for researchers, managers, professionals, practitioners and students around the globe to publish high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all theoretical and empirical aspects of Engineering and Science.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Implementation of Linear Controller for a DC-DC Forward Converterijceronline
This paper discusses the controller implementation of a DC to DC Forward converter. The open loop response is obtained initially. Then the closed loop control is given in real time for the Forward converter. The MATLAB interfacing is done with the help of data acquisition card. The conventional PI controller is used for the closed loop control and the results are analyzed under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Correlative Study on the Modeling and Control of Boost Converter using Advanc...IJSRD
DC-DC converters are switched power converters. The converters are most widely used in research and industrial applications. The DC-DC Boost Converters are used to step-up the supply voltage given to the plant model. The main advantage of using the Boost Converters is that it works in the low voltage according to the design specifications. In order to regulate the uncontrolled supply of voltage, a controller has to be designed and modeled to stabilize the output voltage. Since the convectional controllers cannot work under dynamic operating conditions, advanced controllers are to be designed to overcome the problems. In this article, the advanced controllers such as NARMA-L2, Fuzzy Logic (FLC) and Sliding Mode Controllers (SMC) are implemented and their responses are compared using MATLAB.
Optimal PID controller design using artificial bee colony algorithm for robot...nooriasukmaningtyas
Proportional integral derivation (PID) controller is used in this paper for optimal design, and tuning by zeigler and nichol (ZN) with artificial bee colony algorithm. The best parameter were found using these algorithms for best performance of a robot arm. The advantage of using ABC were highlighted. The controller using the new algorithm was tested for valid control process. Different colony size has been performed for tuning process, settling time, from time domain performance, rise time, overshot, and steady state error with ABC tuning give better dynamic performance than controller using the (ZN).
Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Adaptive Fuzzy Logic control for Photovolt...IJERA Editor
This work presents an intelligent approach to the improvement and optimization of control performance of a photovoltaic system with maximum power point tracking based on fuzzy logic control. This control was compared with the conventional control based on Perturb &Observe algorithm. The results obtained in Matlab/Simulink under different conditions show a marked improvement in the performance of fuzzy control MPPT of the PV system.
DESIGN OF FAST TRANSIENT RESPONSE, LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR WITH ENHANCED STEADY...rinzindorjej
Design and implementation of control systems for power supplies require the use of efficient techniques that
provide simple and practical solutions in order to fulfill the performance requirements at an acceptable cost.
Application of manual methods of system identification in determining optimal values of controller settings is
quite time-consuming, expensive and, sometimes, may be impossible to practically carry out. This paper
describes an analytical method for the design of a control system for a fast transient response, low dropout
(LDO) linear regulated power supply on the basis of PID compensation. The controller parameters are
obtained from analytical model of the regulator circuit. Test results showed good dynamic characteristics
with adequate margin of stability. This study shows that PID parameter values sufficiently close to optimum
can easily be obtained from analytical study of the regulator system. The applied method of determining controller settings greatly reduces design time and cost
Study of PID Controllers to Load Frequency Control Systems with Various Turbi...IJERA Editor
This paper studies the load frequency control problem for various systems under various controller design
methods. Frequency should remain nearly constant for satisfactory operation of a power system because
frequency deviations can directly impact on a power system operation, system stability, reliability and
efficiency. A Load Frequency Control (LFC) scheme basically incorporates an appropriate control system for an
interconnected power system, which is having the capability to bring the frequencies of system to original set
point values or very nearer to set point values effectively after any load change. This can be achieved by the use
of conventional and modern controllers. In this proposed paper PID controller has been applied for LFC power
systems. The parameters of the PID controller are tuned by different methods names as Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N)
Method, and IMC method for better results. We use various tuning formulae in Z-N method and certain model
approximation methods and the responses of LFC with model approximation are studied. It is seen that the
results obtained are as good as the conventional controller.
Modeling & Simulation of PMSM Drives with Fuzzy Logic ControllerIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Analysis and Design of Conventional Controller for Speed Control of DC Motor ...IJERA Editor
The objective of this paper is to control the speed of the motor using conventional controller; compensator is used to improve the steady state error. To evaluate the performance of the controller, time response analysis is carried out. The time response analysis consists of two type of analysis. One is unit step response analysis and other is performance indices analysis. The paper describes the designing of a closed loop model of the dc motor drive for controlling speed. Accuracy and the dynamic responses are better in a closed loop system. The compensator is used to compensate the parameter of the system in such a way to meet the specification, so that it improves the steady state response of the system and get desired response.
This paper presents the analysis, modeling and control of a grid connected photovoltaic generation system. The model contains a detailed representation of the solar array, grid side multilevel neutral point clamped voltage source inverter. Fuzzy logic controller for the maximum power point tracking of a photovoltaic system under variable temperature and insulation conditions is discussed. The PQ control approach has been presented for the multilevel inverter. One of the most common control strategies structures applied to decentralized power generator is based on power direct control employing a controller for the dc link voltage and a controller to regulate the injected current to the utility network. The proposed models were implemented in Matlab/Simulink.
This paper describes comparative study of various controllers on Rotary Inverted Pendulum (RIP). PID,
LQR, FUZZY LOGIC and H∞ controllers are tried on RIP in MatLab Simulink. The same four controllers
have been tested on test bed of RIP system the controllers are compared from various aspects. The
controllers in simulink are compared with the controllers in real time.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
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• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
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• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
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input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
RAT: Retrieval Augmented Thoughts Elicit Context-Aware Reasoning in Long-Hori...
Design of Fractional Order PID controller using Soft computing methods for a Buck-Boost converter
1. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 7, Issue 3 (Sep. - Oct. 2013), PP 55-59
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 55 | Page
Design of Fractional Order PID controller using Soft computing
methods for a Buck-Boost converter
J.Poovarasan1
, R.Kayalvizhi2
, R.K.Pongiannan3
1
(Department of EEE, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry, INDIA)
2
(Department of Instrumentation Engg, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, INDIA)
3
(Department of EEE, Avvaiyar College of Engg & Tech for Women, Pondicherry, INDIA)
Abstract : Fractional order controller is widely used in most areas of science and engineering, being
recognized its ability to yield a superior control in many dynamical systems. This work proposes the
applications of a Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controller in the area of Power Electronics for a DC-DC
power converter to evaluate the use of Fractional Order PID controller with soft computing techniques. To
design Fractional Order PID controller is to determine the two important parameters λ (integrator order) and μ
(derivative order). In this article that the response and performance of Fractional Order PID controller is
compared with closed loop conventional PID controller. In all the cases the Fractional Order PID controller
much better than conventional PID controller for the given system.
Keywords:- Conventional PID, Cuckoo search, DC-DC converter, FOPID, Particle Swarm optimization
I. INTRODUCTION
Basically, the DC-DC converter consists of the power semiconductor devices which are operated as
electronic switches and classified as switched-mode DC-DC converters or normally refers as Switched mode
power supply. Operation of the switching devices causes the inherently nonlinear characteristic of the Buck-
Boost converters. Due to this unwanted nonlinear characteristics, the converters requires a controller with a high
degree of dynamic response. Recently, the research on the switching control techniques has been highlighted in
order to achieve a high-quality power system [1].
In the past decade, the controller for the PWM switching control is restraining to Proportional-Integral-
Differential (PID) controller. This controller often applied to the converters because of their simplicity.
However, implementations of this control method to the nonlinear plants such as the power converters will
undergo from dynamic response of the converter output voltage regulation. In general, PID controller produces
long rise time when the overshoot in output voltage decreases [2]. In order to tackle this problem and improve
the dynamic response of DC-DC converters, a Fractional Order PID controller has been used. The design
aspects of the controllers based on several soft computing techniques. A Fractional Order PID controller has
been used to regulate the output DC voltage of a Buck-Boost converter within a specified tolerance limit. A very
important aspect of designing FOPID controllers is to decide upon the values of KP, Ki, Kd, λ and μ. The Cuckoo
search and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms are used for tuning the FOPID controller. Fractional order
dynamic systems and controllers have been increasing in interest in many areas of science and engineering in
the last few years. Controllers consisting of fractional order derivatives and integrals have been used in
industrial applications such as power electronics [3], system identification [4], robotic manipulators [5], etc., It
should be noted that there are a growing number of physical systems whose behaviour can be compactly
determined using the fractional order system theory and can be controlled with Fractional Order Proportional-
Integral-Derivative (FOPID) controllers [6].
The present work deals with the design and control implementation of a Buck- Boost DC-DC power
converter. DC-DC power converters are employed in order to transform an unregulated DC voltage input to
regulated output voltage. The contribution of this work consists mainly in the design of KP, Ki, Kd, λ and μ
values are finding using Cuckoo search optimization and Particle swarm optimization technique to design the
Fractional order PID controller and compared with conventional one. The development and implementation of
the proposed controller was done using MATLAB/Simulink.
II. CONVERTER TOPOLOGY
Fig.1 show the circuit topology of Buck-Boost converter. The Buck-Boost converter is a type of step-
down and step-up DC-DC converter [7]. Output of the Buck-Boost converter is regulated according to the duty
cycle of the PWM input at fixed frequency. When the duty cycle (d) is less than 0.5, the output voltage of
converter is lower than the input voltage. On other condition, when the duty cycle is more than 0.5 the output
voltage of converter is higher than the input voltage. The basic circuit of a Buck-Boost converter is illustrated in
2. Design of Fractional Order PID controller using Soft computing methods for a Buck-Boost converter
www.iosrjournals.org 56 | Page
Fig.1 where Vin is input voltage source, Vo is output voltage, Sw is switching component, d is diode, C is
capacitance, L is inductor windings and R is load resistance.
Fig .1 Circuit topology of buck-boost converter
The transfer function of buck-boost converter is given by [7]
RDLsLRCs
RD
sG 2
'2
'
)(
(1)
III. FRACTIONAL ORDER
DPI CONTROLLER
The most common form of a fractional order PID controller is the PIλ
Dμ
controller involving an
integrator of order λ and a differentiator of order μ where λ and μ can be any real numbers. The transfer function
of such a controller has the form
)0,(,Sk
S
1
kk
)S(E
)S(U
)s(G DIpC
(2)
Where Gc(s) is the transfer function of the controller, E(s) is an error, and U(s) is controller’s output.
The integrator term is 1 sλ
, that is to say, on a semi-logarithmic plane, there is a line having slope -
20λ
dB/decade. The control signal u(t) can then be expressed in the time domain as
)t(eDk)t(eDk)t(ek)t(u DIp
(3)
Fig. 2 show the block-diagram configuration of FOPID. Clearly, selecting λ = 1 and μ = 1, a classical PID
controller can be recovered. The selections of λ = 1, μ = 0, and λ = 0, μ = 1 respectively corresponds
conventional PI & PD controllers. All these classical types of PID controllers are the special cases of the
fractional PIλ
Dμ
controller given by (2).
Fig. 2 Block diagram configuration of Fractional Order PID controller
It can be expected that the PIλ
Dμ
controller may enhance the systems control performance. One of the most
important advantages of the PIλ
Dμ
controller is the better control of dynamical systems, which are described by
fractional order mathematical models [9]. Another advantage lies in the fact that the PIλ
Dμ
controllers are less
sensitive to changes of parameters of a controlled system.
IV. PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION
PSO is an evolutionary computational technique based on the movement and intelligence of swarms
looking for the most fertile feeding location. A “swarm” is an apparently disorganized collection (population) of
moving individuals that tend to cluster together, while each individual seems to be moving in a random
direction. PSO uses a number of agents (particles) that constitute a swarm moving around in the search space
looking for the best solution [10-12].
Integral Action
Derivative Action
E(S) U(S)
S Dk
S
1
Ik
kp
Switch (S) Diode (D)
Vin
Vo
+
-
R
C
+
-L
3. Design of Fractional Order PID controller using Soft computing methods for a Buck-Boost converter
www.iosrjournals.org 57 | Page
Each particle is treated as a point in an n-dimensional space and adjusts its “flying” according to its
own flying experience, as well as the flying experience of other particles. Each particle keeps track of its
coordinates in the problem space, which are associated with the best solution (fitness) that has been achieved so
far. This value is called pbest. Another best value called gbest is that obtained so far by any particle in the
neighbours of the particle. The PSO concept consists of changing the velocity (or acceleration) of each particle
toward its pbest and the gbest position at each time step. Each particle tries to modify its current position and
velocity according to the distance between its current position and pbest, and the distance between its current
position and the gbest. At each step n, by using the individual best position, pbest, and global best position,
gbest, a new velocity for the ith
particle is updated by,
)))1(())1(()1(( 2211 nPgbestrnPpbestrnVxV iiiii (4)
V. CUCKOO SEARCH OPTIMIZATION
The basic Cuckoo Search (CS) Optimization algorithm [13] is primarily based on the natural obligate
brood parasitic behavior of some cuckoo species in combination with the Lévy flight behavior of some birds and
fruit flies. Cuckoos are naturally fascinating birds because of their lovely sound they produce and because of
their intelligent reproduction strategy. Cuckoos lay their egg in the nest of other host birds, they also tend to
destroy others egg to increase the hatching probability of their own egg so that when the eggs are hatched their
chicks are fed by the other birds. Some species of cuckoo mimic the nature of host birds so that the host could
not recognize them and give the cuckoo better chance of survival. If the host bird identifies the cuckoo egg
despite all efforts of cuckoo, the host may either destroy the cuckoo egg or abandon the nest and build a new
nest somewhere else. In cuckoo search algorithm cuckoo egg represents a potential solution to the design
problem which has a fitness value.
The pseudo code for CS algorithm [14] is:
Start
Objective function f(x), x= (x1,x2…xn)T
Generate initial population of n host nests xi ( i=1, 2…n)
While (t<Max Generations) or (stop criterion)
Move a cuckoo randomly via Lévy flights
Evaluate its fitness Fi
Randomly choose nest among n available nests (for example j)
If (Fi > Fj) Replace j by the new solution;
Fraction Pa of worse nests is abandoned and new nests are being built;
Keep the best solutions or nests with quality solutions;
Rank the solutions and find the current best
End while
Post process and visualize results
End
Fig. 3 Block diagram configuration of Fractional Order PID controller
VI. SIMULATION RESULTS
The converter was identified by the training data generated by using Particle Swarm Optimization and
Cuckoo search algorithm. The Parameters for the converter is given in Table.1. Applying KCL and KVL the
transfer function model of the system has obtained. The input to output transfer function of the system is [8]
182621000
103
)(
)(
2
eses
e
sV
sV
in
o
(5)
+ Output
-
Cuckoo
search
DC-DC
converter
Reference
++ FOPID
ISE
u
Cuckoo
Parameters
+
4. Design of Fractional Order PID controller using Soft computing methods for a Buck-Boost converter
www.iosrjournals.org 58 | Page
The Controller to output transfer function
14333.333310.38667.1
165.2125.1
)(
)(
2
esse
ese
sV
sV
d
o
(6)
For simplification purpose the higher order system can be reduced into
se
sesdV
soV 21.3
1421,3
97.1
)(
)(
(7)
Using equation (7) PSO and Cuckoo search algorithm with the parameter mentioned in Table 2 and 3 was
implemented for the cost function (ISE) of J. Obtained results shown in table 4. From that it’s clearly seen that
the FOPID controller was twice fast as PID controller with no oscillation at all.
Where
dtteJ
t
0
2
)( (8)
After this, we analysis λ and μ values and applied to the Fractional Order PID Controller of the buck-boost
converter to verify the response of the controller. The stability of the system is verified with introduction of 20%
line disturbance. For PSO with 20 % disturbance at 0.05 sec and for Cuckoo search with 20% disturbance at
0.015 sec. it’s clear that the Figs.4,5,6 and 7 show the FOPID controller has better and quicker response than
PID controller . All the simulations have been carried out in the MATLAB / SIMULINK software.
Table.1.Converter Parameters Table.2.PSO Parameters Table.3.Cuckoo Parameters
Parameter Value
Vin 12 Volts
R 10 Ω
L 160µH
C 500µF
D 0.6
Fs 50kHz
PSO Parameter Value
Number of particles 10
Number of iteration 30
Weight 1
Moment of inertia 1.5
Velocity [-5 5]
Cuckoo Parameters Value
Number of nests 10
Number of iteration 30
Beta 1.5
Probability 0.25
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Time in secs
Voltageinvolts
PSO FOPID
PSO PID
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
0
5
10
15
20
25
Time in secs
Voltageinvolts
PSO FOPID
PSO PID
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Time in secs
Voltageinvolts
CUCKOO FOPID
CUCKOO PID
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03
0
5
10
15
20
25
Time in secs
Voltageinvolts
CUCKOO FOPID
CUCKOO PID
Fig.4.Buck-boost converter with PID and FOPID
controller using PSO algorithm
Fig.5.Buck-boost converter with PID and FOPID
controller using PSO algorithm with 20% disturbance
Fig.6.Buck-boost converter with PID and FOPID
controller using Cuckoo algorithm
Fig.7.Buck-boost converter with PID and FOPID
controller using Cuckoo algorithm with 20% disturbance
5. Design of Fractional Order PID controller using Soft computing methods for a Buck-Boost converter
www.iosrjournals.org 59 | Page
Table.4 Performance and analysis of Buck-boost converter with PID and FOPID using
PSO and Cuckoo algorithms
Controller Controller Parameters Peak
time
sec
Maximum
overshoot
%MP
Settling
time
sec
Cost
KP Ki Kd µ
PSO PID 0.8758 84.0127 7e-4 - - 0.0006 4.55 0.07 85.1225
PSO FOPID 0.1844 77.4486 0.2318 1.99 0.6 - - 0.035 48.2970
Cuckoo PID 0.1421 287.4465 1.24e-4 - - - - 0.01 34.2731
Cuckoo
FOPID
0.1987 71.6556 1.1 1.99 0.6 - - 0.005 26.9698
VII. CONCLUSION
This paper presented a smart optimization method for Fractional Order PID controller tuned with
Cuckoo Search Optimization. In order to appraise the performance of the controller, the DC-DC buck-boost
converter was done with MATLAB/Simulink. The robust design of the Fractional Order PID controller is
difficult to compare to the PID controller, since the FOPID controller includes more parameters. All of the
parameters related to the FOPID controller were determined using PSO and Cuckoo search optimization. The
performance of Cuckoo based FOPID and the PSO based FOPID was compared. Considering all of the results
from the simulation, the Cuckoo based FOPID controller can achieve good performance and robustness,
superior to those obtained with other one. Moreover, Cuckoo search can achieve faster search speed and better
solutions compared to the others. In addition, the Cuckoo - FOPID controller enhanced the flexibility and
stability of the PID controller.
REFERENCES
[1] J. Alvarez-Ramirez, I. Cervantes, G. Espinosa-Perez, P. Maya, and A. Morales, A stable design of PI control for DC–DC converters
with an RHS zero, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Fundam. Theory Appl., 48(1), 2001, 103–106.
[2] B.M. Vinagre, C.A. Monje, A.J. Calder´on, J.I. Suarez, Fractional PID controllers for industry application: a brief introduction,
Journal of Vibration and Control, 13(),2007,1419-1429.
[3] A.J. Calder´on, B.M. Vinagre, V. Feliu, Fractional order control strategies for power electronic buck converters, Signal Processing,
86(), 2006, 2803-2819.
[4] M. Schlegel, M.ech, Fractal system identification for robust control - the moment approach, Proceedings of the 5th International
Carpathian Control Conference, 2004, 2004.
[5] N.M. Fonseca Ferreira, J.A. Tenreiro Machado, Fractional-order hybrid control of robotic manipulators, 11th
International
Conference on Advanced Robotics, 2003, 393-398.
[6] I. Podlubny, Fractional-order systems and PIλ
Dµ
controllers, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 44(), 1999, 208-214.
[7] M.H. Rashid, Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices and Applications (Prentice-Hall, Second edition, USA, 1993)
[8] Erickson, Robert W. Fundamentals of Power Electronics. Second Edition. Kluwer , 2004.
[9] C.A.Monje, Y.Q.Chen, B.M.Vinagre,D.Xue, V.Feliu, Fractional order systems and controls , ISSN 1430 – 9491, Springer London
Dordrecht Heidelberg newyork, 2010
[10] F.L. Lewis, D.M. Dawson, C.T. Abdallah, Control of Robot Manipulators, New York, Macmillan, 1993.
[11] J. Kennedy, R.C. Eberhart, Y. Shi, Swarm Intelligence, New York, Morgan Kaufmann, 2001.
[12] R.C. Eberhart, J. Kennedy, “A new optimizer using particle swarm theory”, Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on
Micro Machine and Human Science, pp. 39-43, 1995.
[13] Yang, X.S.; Deb, S. Engineering Optimization by Cuckoo Search, International Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Numerical
Optimization, 1(4), 2010, 330–343.
[14] Bacanin, N. Implementation and performance of an object-oriented software system for cuckoo search algorithm, International
Journal of Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 1(6), 2012, 185-191.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
J.Poovarasan was born in Pondicherry, India. He has obtained M.E (Electronics and
Instrumentation) from Annamalai University, Chidambaram in 2004. Currently he is pursuing his
Ph.D in Annamalai University, Chidambaram in the Department of Electronics and
Instrumentation. His areas of interest are power converters, controllers design and applications.
R.Kayalvizhi was born in chidambaram, India, on 1963. She has obtained B.E (Electrical and
Instrumentation) and M.E (Power Systems) in 1984 and 1988 respectively from Annamalai
University. She completed Ph.D in same university on intelligent control strategies. She has put
in a total service of more than 25 years. Her research interests are in DC-DC converter
modelling, simulation and implementation.
R. K. Pongiannan obtained B.E. degree from CIT, Coimbatore, India, in 1995, M.E. degree
from the PSG Tech, Coimbatore, in 2004 and Ph.D from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University Hyderabad, India, in 2010. Currently, He is a Professor/EEE, Avvaiyar College of
Engg & Tech for Women, Pondicherry, India. He is the author or coauthor of more than 30
papers in international journals and conferences. He is a Reviewer for IEEE TRANSACTIONS
ANDINDER SCIENCE JOURNALS. His research interests include power electronics & drives.