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Guidance and counselling - meaning, definition, principles, scope, nature, characteristics, need in school, limitations, difference between guidance and counseling.....
Guidance and counselling - meaning, definition, principles, scope, nature, characteristics, need in school, limitations, difference between guidance and counseling.....
Nature of Guidance, Need for Guidance, Principles of Guidance, Types of Guidance, Guidance Services in Schools, Vocational Guidance, Principles of Counselling, Types of Counselling, Professional Ethics of a Counsellor, Guidance Vs Counselling
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Nature of Guidance, Need for Guidance, Principles of Guidance, Types of Guidance, Guidance Services in Schools, Vocational Guidance, Principles of Counselling, Types of Counselling, Professional Ethics of a Counsellor, Guidance Vs Counselling
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2. SHIMLA NURSING COLLEGE
PRESENTATION
ON
GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING
SUBJECT: NURSING EDUCATION
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
DR. PALLAVI PATHANIA MS. SHAILJA GUPTA
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR M.Sc. (N) 1ST YEAR
SHIMLA NURSING COLLEGE SHIMLA NURSING
COLLEGE
3. Today we will discuss about:
• Introduction of guidance &counseling
• Meaning &definition of Guidance
• Need &importance of guidance
• Elements, characterstics, principles of guidance
• Functions of guidance, different school guidance services
• Types, areas of guidance services
• Role of nurse in guidance
• Counseling ,meaning,definition
• Basic components,need of counseling
• Levels of counseling,elements of counselling
4. • Characterstics ,media of counseling
• Stages, concept ,functions of counseling
• Types ,techniques of counseling
• Qualities of counselor,skills of counseling
• Characterstics of counsellor
• Role &functions of counselor
• Ingredients of guidance&counseling
• Organization of counseling services
• Tools used in counseling
• Difference between guidance&counseling
5. contd
• Purpose of guidance &counseling
• Scope,need,functions of guidance &counseling
• Requirement ,importance of guidance &counseling
• Trends &issues ,format of guidance&counselling
• Format of guidance &counseling
• Managing disciplinary problems
• Management of crisis
6. INTRODUCTION
Guidance & counseling are twin
concepts & have emerged as essential
elements of every educational activity.
Guidance & counseling are not synonymous
term.Counseling is a part of guidance.
7. Contd…
Guidance, in educational context, means to
indicate, point out, show the way, lead out &
direct.
Counselling is a specialized service of
guidance. It is the process of helping
individuals learn more about themselves &
their present & possible future situations to
make a substantial contribution to the society.
8. GUIDE
• GUIDE : (stands for)
• G – genuine
• U – understanding
• I -individual
• D –demonstrator
• E -effort
9. GUIDANCE
• G -general
• U –unbaised
• I - interaction
• D –detection
• A –assistance
• N –nobelity
• C –comfort
• E –education
10. MEANING OF GUIDANCE:
• Guidance means ‘to direct’, ‘to point out’, ‘to
show the path’.It is the assistance or help
rendered by a more experienced person to the
less experienced person to solve some major
problems of life
11. DEFINITION OF GUIDANCE
Guidance is an assistance made available by a competent
counselor to an individual of any age to help him direct
his own life, develop his own point of view, make his
own decision & carry his own burden.
- Hamrin &
Erikson
Guidance is a process of helping every individual,
through his own effort to discover & develop his
potentialities for his personal happiness & social
usefulness.
- Ruth Strang
12. NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF
GUIDANCE
• Self understanding and self direction.
• Optimum development of the individual.
• Solving different problem of the individual.
• Academic growth and development.
• Vocational maturity ,choices and adjustments.
13. ELEMENTS OF GUIDANCE
• Attention on the individual not problem
• It leads to the discovery of individual abilities
• It is based upon the assets and limitations of an
individual
• It helps the individual to plan wisely for the
present and future
• It assists to achieve success and happiness
15. PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE
According to Crow and Crow:
All-round development of individuals
Principles of individual differences
Guidance is related to every aspect of life
Cooperation among persons
Guidance is a continuous & lifelong
Process Guidance for all
Principles of elaboration
Responsibility of teachers & parents
Flexibility
Principles of evaluation
Guidance by a trained person
Principle of periodic appraisal
17. DIFFERENT SCHOOL GUIDANCE
SERVICES
• A school guidance program includes all those
activities other than instructional ,which are carried
out to render assistance to pupils in their educational,
vocational, personal development and adjustment.
• Guidance services assist in knowing pupils their
potentialities and limitations.
18. Various guidance services
• Orientation services.
• Student inventory services.
• Career information services.
• Counselling services.
• Group guidance services.
• Placement services.
• Research and evaluation services.
19. TYPES/AREAS OF GUIDANCE SERVICES
Types of
Guidance
Services
Personal
guidance
Educationa
lguidance
Social
guidance
Vocational
guidance
Health
guidance
Avocational
guidance
20. LEISURE –TIME GUIDANCE
• It is basically a part of personal guidance.
• Leisure is important to make our mind stress free and
enhance our capabilities
• It helps to explore an individual about himself
• It helps the individual to be more creative and
productive by giving an individual proper time to do
rest and relaxation.
21. Contd
• Jones divide leisure time activities into four groups:
• Escape activities.
• General cultural or appreciation activities.
• Creative activities.
• Service activities & Social welfare activities.
22. ROLE OF NURSE IN GUIDANCE
• Arrange orientation of programmes for the other
support staff to enlist their cooperation
• Organize the guidance committee
• Display the information collected in an attractive
way
• Arrange talks by expert from different fields
• Organize career days, career weeks, career
conferences .
23. COUNSELLING
• C –communicable
• O –opinion
• U –unique
• N –novelty
• S –sociable
• E –equanimity
• L –learning
• L –liable
• I –intelligence
• N –noteworthy
• G –genuine
24. MEANING OF COUNSELING:
• It is defined as consultation, mutual
interchange of opinions, deliberating together.
counseling goes on everyday life situations.
25. DEFINITION OF COUNSELLING
Counseling is essentially a process in which the
counselor assists the counselee to make
interpretations of facts relating to a choice, plan or
adjustment which he needs to make.
- Glenn F. Smith
Counseling is a series of direct contacts with the
individual which aims to offer him assistance in
changing his attitude & behaviors.
- Carl Rogers
26. BASIC COMPONENTS OF
COUNSELLING
• Rapport
• Communication
• Understanding
• Change in feelings and expressions
• Planning of counseling interview
27. NEED OF COUNSELLING
• Excessive workload
• Absenteeism and late coming
• Lack of awareness of policies and procedure
• Lack of team spirit
• Interpersonal relations with superiors and
subordinates
• Family problems
29. ELEMENTS OF COUNSELLING
• The counselor:
• A person who is professionally capable to
extend help.
• The counselee:
• The person who seeks help and lets
himself/herself be subjective or counseling
• The counseling environment:
• A place to facilitate counseling
30. OTHER IMPORTANT ELEMENTS
OF COUNSELING
• Anticipating the interview
• Developing a positive working relationship
• Exploring feelings and attitudes
• Review and determining present status
• Considering existing problems
• Exploring alternatives
• Making decision
• Post counseling contact
31. CHARACTERSTICS OF COUNSELLING
• Involves two individuals-one counselee and the
other counselor.
• Bring desired changes
• Develop sense of responsibility
• Decision making & direction forming.
32. MEDIA OF COUNSELLING
• Cell phones
• Video conferencing
• E-mailing
• Blogging
• Social media
33. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
• Involves face to face relationship
• Emotional not intellectual
• More advisory
• Solution of immediate problem and future decision.
36. Concepts of counseling process
Rapport
Transference
Counter-transeference
Resistance
Case
history
Counterwill
Readiness
37. Types of counselling
• Directive counselling
• Non directive counseling
• Eclectic counseling
• Online counseling
38. DIRECTIVE COUNSELING
• Chief component-BG Williamson.
• Counselor has the major responsibility of
solving problem.
• Counselor identifies, defines, diagnoses&
provide solutions to the problem.
• Counselor directs thinking by informing,
explaining, interpreting and advising.
• Counselor oriented.
41. NON-DIRECTIVE COUNSELING
• Chief component-Carl Rogers.
• Counselee is allowed free expression.
• Counselor only directs and guides.
• Few questions are involved
42. Contd…
• Emotional aspect rather than the intellectual aspect is
stressed.
• Counseling relationship is the establishment of a
warm, permissive and accepting climate.
• Counselee takes active part, gains insight into the
problem arrives at the decision and action taken
• Counselor role is passive, goal is independent
43. MERITS/DEMERITS OF NON-
DIRECTIVE COUNSELING
MERITS
• Gives freedom.
• Relieves tension due to catharsis.
• Acceptance of self.
• Confront weakness without feeling threatened.
DEMERITS
• Time consuming with all problems cannot be
sorted out through talking.
44. ECLECTIC COUNSELING
• Chief component-Bordin.
• Counseling can be directive or non-directive
• Eclectic is a continuation and synthesis of directive
and non-directive counseling.
• Both counselor and counselee are active and co-
operative.
• Both do talking in turn and solve problem jointly.
45. STEPS OF ECLECTIC
COUNSELING
• Initial interview
• Maintaining rapport and does structuring
• Tentative diagnosis and plan of counseling is
formulated.
• Gathers information about the client and the client
needs to be helped to assimilate this informtion.
• Achieving emotional release and gains
insights,modifies perceptions about self.
46. MERITS/DE-MERITS OF ECLECTIC
COUNSELING
Merits:
• Combined efforts of counselor and counselee
leads to solution of the problem
• Active participation of the counselee leads to
gain in insight.
Demerits:
• Time consuming and makes the counselor
weak.
55. contd
EFFECTIVE LISTENING
• Attention focuses outward
• Suspension of judgement
• Attention to the behavioural aspects(SOLER)
• Avoidance of interpretation
• Development of free-floating attention.
58. contd
CAUSES OF COMMUNICATION BREAKDOWN:
Lack of other persons feelings
Use of technical language
Emotional disrespect
Lose human factor
Counselor’s perdispositions
Premature advice giving
Lecturing
Excessive questioning
Story telling
59. contd
3).QUESTIONING
• Open ended questions
• Clarifying questions
• Creative questions
• Process questions
• Probing or follow-up questions
60. CHARACTERSTICS OF A
COUNSELOR
• Good listener
• Respectful to others feelings
• Kind,caring &understanding
• Non-jugdemental
• Trustworthy
• Relaxed and calm
• Warm and approachable
• Motivate &inspire clients
62. Ingredients of guidance and counseling services…
1. The AdmissionService
(Admittingtheright candidates
for theright course, selecting
those candidates most likely)
2.The Orientation Service
(A “welcomeservice” asitis
concernedwithwelcoming
fresher's to theworld of
nursing )
4.The Information Service
(Informationprovide usually
relatedto Education,
occupational&personal-
social )
3.The Student Information
Service
(Assist thestudent to obtaina
realisticpictureof his
abilities,interests,personality
characteristics,achievements,
levelsofaspiration,stateof health,
etc.)
62
63. Ingredients of guidance and counseling services…
5.The Counselling Service
(understandwhathecan do &
whatheshould do,handle
his difficultiesinarational way,
makehis own decision, etc.)
6.The Placement Service
(Help students to be in proper
scholastic track, to realize
their career expectations,
organizecampusselection
interviews,provide
informationregarding
currenttrends,etc.)
8.The follow-up Service
(it is that review or systematic
evaluation which is carried
out to findout whether
guidanceservices in
particular&educational
programme ingeneral
satisfiestheneeds ofthe
students. )
7.The Remedial Service
(itis mainlyoriented towards
helpingstudents to improve
their study habits, improve
theiradjustment intheclinical
area, reducingstress,etc.)
64. Ingredients of guidance and counseling services…
9.The Research Service
(It is intendedto examineboth the
personnel inthecollege
guidanceprogramme &the
techniquesofguidanceused by
themso asto discover their
strong &weakpoints &
ultimatelystrengthen the
whole programme .)
10.The Evaluation Service (it
determines theeffectiveness &
efficiencyof the guidance
programme,less numberof
dropouts, harmonious
relationshipbetween teachers
&students,good result,well
placedpassed out students,
sense of security,etc.)
64
65. ORGANIZATION OF
COUNSELLING SERVICES
Typesorformsof the organizationof counselling servicesin
educational institutions are:
1. Centralization counselling services:
(The entire responsibilities of the guidance
& counselling services is vested upon a
group of trained personnel of the
department of guidance & counselling
services )
II. Decentralization counsellingservices:
(The responsibilities ofthecounselling
servicesis vestedupon teachers
III. Combination of centralized &
decentralized counselling services:
(In this mixed form, guidance &
counselling services are provided by
teachers & expert collectively.)
66. Basic components of Counselling
services…
organizational
set-up
Counselling
centre
Counselling
committee
Tools for
counselling
services
Requirement
of
counselling
services
67. Purposes of organization counselling services…
To help individuals with normal development problems.
To help individuals through a temporary crisis during
the different stages of life.
To identify signs of disturbed behavior at early stage,
so manage it.
To refer critical cases to specialists for best
possible management.
To facilitate communication within & between
nursing institutions & homes.
To support not only the tutors/nursing faculty who are
helping individuals but also who themselves want guidance
& reassurance at times.
68. Organizational set-
up…
At universities:
Deans are assisted by
head of departments of
psychology &education,
the guidance committee
& counselling officer.
For constituent colleges:
A counselling officer assisted
by the guidance committee in
cooperation with the deputy
chief & academic advisor can
plan according to their needs &
number of students. (<1000
students need a liaison officer
while >1000 students need an
assistant counselling officer .)
For affiliated colleges:
A counselling officer assisted by the guidance committee & a
vocational guidance officer are needed for > 1000 students while a
liaison officer only can manage the counselling services for <1000
students
69. DIFFERENCE BETWEENGUIDANCEAND
COUNSELLING
6
9
www.drjayeshpatidar
.blogspot.com 9/20/2013
GUIDANCE COUNSELLING
Guidance is broader &
comprehensive
Counselling is in-depth
& narrow
Guidance is more external,
helps a person understand
alternative solutions
available to him & makes
him understand his
personality & choose the
right solution.
Counselling helps people
understand themselves & is an
inward analysis. Alternative
solutions are proposed to help
understand the problem at
hand.
Guidance is mainly
preventive & developmental
Counselling is remedial as
well as preventive &
70. PURPOSES OF GUIDANCEAND COUNSELLING
• Providing the needed information & assistance
• Helping in individual to make wise choices
• Improve the understanding of self
• Facilitate the adjustment
• Helps in adapting to the changes or new environment
• Making self-sufficient & independent
71. SCOPE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING
Guidance & counselling for personal needs/problems
Guidance & counselling for educational needs/problems
Guidance & counselling for physical, emotional, social,
moral & marital problems
Guidance & counselling for vocational, occupational
& professional needs
Guidance & counselling for career advancement
Guidance&counsellingforholisticindividualdevelopment
72. NEED OF GUIDANCEAND COUNSELLING
I. Need s for personal & social domain
Personal & social development of individual
To adapt in different stages of development
Offering art of better living
Proper use of leisure time
Holistic personality development
Best use of available opportunities
Motivates for effective utilization &
development of self
74. REQUIREMEMENT OF GUIDANCE
AND COUNSELING SERVICES:
• Guidance and counseling services rendering focus
on the needs of the client
• Guidance and counseling services acquire the
right understanding
• Guidance and counseling services maintain
discipline with in the client and the whole
process.
• Guidance and counseling services enable the
overall development of the client.
75. IMPORTANCE OF GUIDANCE
AND COUNSELING IN NURSING:
• Guidance and counseling plays an important role in
nursing
• It helps the nursing tutor and students to become
more professional so that they may face harsh
challenges of life.
• It also helps the students to get out of the anxiety or
stress related to personal or professional life
• The main purpose of guidance and counseling is to
help the individual by him/herself.
76. Contd…
• Assist the training institutions to have well
motivated students who take responsibility for
their own learning and set their own goals for
achievement.
• It helps in understanding ones strengths or
limitations
• Gives vocational maturity and choices.
• Gives self understanding and self direction
77. TRENDS AND ISSUES IN
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING:
• Trends includes: school counseling
In school services mainly school drop out or gang
formation, school violence, suicide occurs.
• Cyber counseling
• Multicultural counseling
• Workplace counseling
• Family counseling
78. Contd…
• Geriatric counseling
• Hygiology counseling-it is the study of
problems of normal people &prevention of
serious emotional difficulties.
• Evaluation
• Prevention versus remediation
79. Contd…
Issues includes:
• Career guidance
• Stress management
• Depression & anger
• Self harm/suicidal attempt
• Child abuse/harassment
• Memory and concentration
• Adjustment with parents
• School /college adjustment
81. ISSUES FOR GUIDANCE &
COUNSELING IN NURSING
• Rarely available services
• Nursing faculty advisors perform these servces
for nursing students & staff.
• Absence of trained counselors
• Inadequate provision of budget for personnel
workshops, training resources & facilities.
• Lack of awareness about counseling services
84. MANAGING DISCIPLINARY
PROBLEMS
• Discipline: Training & Moulding of mind to bring
desirable outcomes. It is derived from latin word
‘disciplina’means learning teaching and growing.
85. Aims &objectives of discipline
• Willing acceptance of the rules and regulations.
• Impart certainty.
• Develop a spirit of tolerance.
• To give &seek direction and responsibility.
• To create an atmosphere of respect.
• To increase the working efficiency.
86. Principles of discipline
• Disciplinary guidelines should be in harmony
with the ultimate goals of education.
• Implemented through agreeness.
• Positive and constructive.
• Justice for all
• Preventive disciplinary policies and procedures,
then corrective but never retributive.
• Avoid collective punishment.
• Never banish a student from classroom.
88. CAUSES OF INDISCIPLINE IN
STAFFING
• Neglect
• Faulty disciplinary action
• Improper attitude
• Wrong placement or promotion
• Lack of code of conduct
• Divide and rule policy
• Ill-advised supervisor.
89. ERRORS IN DISCIPLINING
EMPLOYEES
• Delay in administering discipline
• Ignoring rule violation
• Administering sweetened discipline
• Failure to document disciplinary actions
• Disproportionate discipline to the seriousness of
offence.
90. EFFECTIVE DISCIPLINE
• Condone the past offences
• Building agreement on disciplinary rules
• Establish a disciplinary committee
• Disciplinary issues investigated by the human
resource department.
91. PRINCIPLES OF DISCIPLINARY
ACTION
• Positive attitude
• Investigate carefully
• Be prompt
• Protect privacy
• Focus on the act
• Enforcing rules
• Be flexible
• Advisory
• Follow-up
• Corrective ,consistent action
92. Causes of disciplinary proceedings
• Acts : amounting to crime e.g.
bribery,corruption etc.
• Misdemeanor:disobedience.
• Misconduct: violation of rules.
• Omissions:late attendence,negligence.
• Dealing with disciplinary problems
• Disciplinary conference,letter,standing orders
93. Components of a disciplinary action
program
• Codes of conduct
• Authorized penalties
• Records of offences and corrective measures
Other penalties:
• warnings, demotion, suspension.
94. Stages of disciplinary proceeding
enquiry for major punishment
Preliminary enquiry
Decision for formal enquiry
suspension
Charge sheet
Appointment of enquiry officer
Written statement of defense
Recording of evidence by enquiry officer
95. Contd..
Personal hearing of charged
official
Report of enquiry officer
Show cause notice by the disciplinary
authority
Reply to show cause notice and decision
thereon
Review of punishment order
Appeal or revision
Reinstatement and restitution
Show cause notice against withholding of emoluments for
suspension period
96. STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING
DISCIPLINARY PROBLEMS
• Training of faculty &teachers
• Practice of co-curricular & extracurricular activities.
• Appropriate selection & use of disciplinary standards
• Use of reward or punishment
• Promoting better teacher-student relationship
• Cultivation of ethical, moral and spiritual values
• Close student-teacher-parent contact
• Effective use of guidance and counseling programs.
97. MANAGEMENT OF CRISIS
• Crisis like suicide, school bus crashes, natural
disasters or multiple injuries etc.
98. Steps for management of crises
Teacher counseling
Telephone contact
Individual or group counseling
Health education
Peer review or self review
Student information
Student welfare commmittee
Parent teacher association meeting
Psychology/psychiatric department
assessment
99. REFERANCES
Book referances
• Bhaskara Raj D Elakkuvana , “A text book of
nursing education” ,published by jaypee
brothers,Edn ;1st2018,Pp254-277.
Net referances
• www.slideshare.net- ‘guidance and counseling
by Dr.Jayeshpatidhar.