3. Introduction
• Counseling denotes ‘Giving the advice’.
Counseling is a process that helps the client to
recognize his problem and manage his stress
by using problem technique when the help is
provided by the counselor. The counselor finds
out the clients problems. He finds many
solutions to solve the problems and help the
client to choose the best possible solutions to
solve his problem.
4. Counseling
DEFINITION :
• ‘’Counseling is dynamic and purposeful relationship
between two people who approach a mutually
defined problems with mutual consideration of each
other to the extent that the troubled or less matured
person is aided to a self-determined solution of his
problem’’.
5.
6. • Cormier and Hackney 1987, defined “ counseling is
the helping relationship that includes someone
seeking help, someone giving help, who is capable or
trained to help, in a setting that permits help to be
given and received.
7. PURPOSES OF COUNSELING
• To help the individual through temporary crisis.
• Helping the individuals to make wise choices.
• To improve the understanding of self.
• Providing the needed information and assistance.
• To identify the disturbed behavior at the earliest
• To facilitate the adjustment.
• Helps in adapting to the change or new environment
• Making self-sufficient and independent.
8. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
• Client’s need to be placed first.
• Maintain dignity of individual as individual is primary
concern in counseling.
• Avoid dictational attitude.
• Maintain relationship of trust and confidence with
the client.
• Emphasize thinking with the client.
• Make the client feel comfortable and free to talk
about problems.
9. • Confidentiality is to be maintained.
• Skills of warmth, friendliness, openness and empathy
are ingredients of successful counseling process.
• Counselor has to concentrate on attentive listening,
answering questions objectively and on important
informations.
• Let the client make voluntary informed decision.
• Supremacy of client’s values and culture.
10. SCOPE OF COUNSELING
Every individual face certain level of stress and strain in
fast moving life.
• Counseling helps to achieve positive mental health
by overcoming stress.
• It maximizes individual’s freedom to make right
choice and act within conditions imposed
environment.
• It helps to resolve the problems of individuals.
11. • Helps the students in the selection of educational
course, profitable occupation and job placement.
• Helps the students in selection of improvement of
study skills and study habits formation.
• Counseling services can help in getting loans,
scholarship and help from voluntary organizations to
complete their studies for students who are
financially weak.
• It improves personal effectiveness, vocational, health
and living conditions, personal, social, moral and
marital are context of counseling.
12. TYPES OF COUNSELING
1. Directive or prescriptive Counseling:
Directive counseling is counselor centered.
Counselor plays leading role. He directs the
counselee to take steps in order to resolve his
conflicts. It believes in the limited capacity of
the client. The counselor tries to direct the
thinking of the client by informing, interpreting
and advising.
13. STEPS OF DIRECTIVE COUNSELING.
• Collecting the relevant data.
• Analyzing the problems.
• Diagnosis, formulating conclusion regarding the
nature and cause of the problem exhibited by the
client.
• Prognosis
• Prescribe remedial measures.
• Follow-up.
14. Data analysis or analyzing the problem
Diagnosis or formulating conclusion regarding the
problem
Prognosis
Remedial measures
Follow up
15. 2. Nondirective Counseling:
It is a client centered and counselor’s role in
passive. The client makes the final decisions. The
counselor has to accept capability of the client
to make adjustment and adaptation. Counselor
only creates an atmosphere in which the clients
work out his own understanding. The emotional
aspects are concentrated more. It leads to
voluntary choice of action. The principles of
tolerance, acceptance are extremely important.
16. STEPS OF NONDIRECTIVE COUNSELING
• Establishing rapport.
• Exploration of the problem.
• Exploration of the cause of problem.
• Find out alternative solution.
• Termination of the session.
• Follow-up.
18. 3. Elective Counseling:
The counselor makes use of both directive and non
directive counseling which may be useful for the
purpose of modifying clients ideas and attitudes. It puts
check on the client’s expression whenever it is in his
interest.
• The technique is effective in nature because it has
been derived from all source of counseling, selecting
the best and leaving out what is least required.
• The goal of independent and integration of client
rather than problem oriented.
19. • The counselor creates an atmosphere in which
the client can work out his own
understanding.
• It leads to a voluntary choice of action.
20. Steps of Elective Counseling
• To facilitate development of self-insight
component.
• Release of tension.
• The client has to be led to point of self-
realization, self-actualization and self-help.
This method is useful in solving education,
vocational, and marital problems.
21. Start with interview
Counselor establishes rapport with client.
Collecting relevant data
Analyzing the problem
Formulating conclusion regarding the nature of problems
(diagnosis)
Counselor creates an atmosphere in which the client works out to
solve the problems.
24. PHASE 1 Establishing Relationship
• It is an ice breaking session during which the
counsellor & counselee introduce each other
& establish a primary rapport.
• Good rapport building provides the respect,
trust & sense of psychological comfort to the
counsellor- counselee relationship for
progression to the counselling process.
• Strategies to establish an effective
relationship.
• Introduce yourself.
25. • Being the phase with adequate social skills.
• Always address the individual by his or her
name.
• Ensure physical comfort to the counselee &
self.
• Do not interrupt the individual when he/she is
talking.
• Listen attentively.
• Observe nonverbal communication.
26. PHASE 2 Assessment
• The second phase of counselling is basically a
data collection phase, where the counsellor
motivates the counselee to provide complete
information about the problem.
• The type of information collected from
counselee like general data, physical data,
social/enviornmental data, achievement data,
educational & vocational data.
27. • After the collection of information, diagnosis
related to the counselee’s behavior is made.
• Various tools & techniques used for data
collection like intelligence tests, achievement
tests, aptitude tests, interest tests, personality
tests, questionnaires, interview, observation,
autobiography, anecdotal records, rating scale,
cumulative record & case studies.
28. PHASE 3 Setting Goals
• During this third phase of the counselling
process, goals are set co-operative by both the
counsellor & the counselee.
• While setting goals, the counselee’s strength,
weakness, constraints, & available resources
must be kept under consideration.
29. • The goal could be immediate & ultimate which
directs the counsellor & the counselee to
further progress in the counselling process.
• Effective & reliable goal setting requires
following skills in counselors:
• Multifaceted knowledge related to the
problem of counselee.
30. Ability to think critically & interference-
drawing skills.
Judgment, planning & management skills.
Skills to segregate & differentiate the provided
information.
Ability to each individuals to think critically &
realistically.
Helps the counselee set feasible, reliable &
achievable goals.
31. PHASE 4 Intervention
• This stage of counselling is an operational
phase where the counselee is suggested to
best possible options for the management of
the present problem.
• The phase is affected by the counselor’s own
thoughts about the counselling process.
32. • The intervention will depend on the approach
used by the counsellor, the problem & the
individual.
• The choice of intervention is a process of
adaptation & the counsellor should be
prepared to change the intervention when the
selected intervention does not work.
33. PHASE 5 Termination & Follow Up
• This is the final stage of the counselling
process, where counselling comes to an end.
• Termination must be planned well ahead so
that the counselee may feel comfortable at
the departure & gradually able to handle the
problem independently.
• Some follow-up sessions may be required to
help the counselee further to handle the
problem independently.
34. Quality of good counselor
G- good technical knowledge.
O- obtaining appropriate information from
the patient.
O- objectively answering the question.
D- demonstrating professionalism.
C- confidentiality maintenance.
O- observant.
35. U- unbiased.
N- non judgemental
S- sensitive to the need of patient
E- empathetic
L- listen carefully
L- let the patient make decision
O- open minded
R- respect the rights of others.
36. Difference between Counseling &
Health Education
The both counselling & health education are the
part of education where the client takes
education to solve his/her problem from teacher
or counselling. The difference between
counselling and health education are enlisted in
below given
37. Counselling Health Education
• Counselling is required after
occurnce of situation or
event in the client’s life.
• Health education is required
before occurance of situation
or event in the client’s life.
• It is an individual activity. • It is an individual as well as
group activity.
• It takes place in close contact
and verbal in nature.
• It may be done through close
as well as distance
communication by using
multimedia and it may verbal
or nonverbal in nature.
38. Counselling Health Education
• It is learning-oriented
process with the aim of
helping a person learn more
about the self and to use
such understanding to
enable the person to become
an effective member of
society.
• It is a process of learning
involving some form of
communication designed to
improve health literacy,
including improving
knowledge, and developing
life skills.
• The counselling relationship
is confidential.
• The educational relationship
is general.
39. ROLE OF NURSE IN COUNSELLING
The role of the nurse is very important in counselling
process. The nurse is the only health personnel who
comes in immediate contact of the client. The major
role of nurse is in identifying the clients who really
require counselling to change their behavior.
The other common role in counselling process are as
follows:
40. • Co-ordinator role
The nurse coordinates in planning the whole
counselling process. Prepare the plan and
execute the plan accordingly with the
permission of counsellor and client.
• Communicator role
The nurse help in establishing the rapport
between counsellor and client and act as agent
between them.
41. • Teacher role
The nurse is going to act as teacher in guiding
the client to achieve his/her goals.
• Manager role
The nurse acts as overall manager of a
counselling process who organize, direct, control
and delegate the whole process.
