Gas Turbine Operation
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This document provides an overview of a gas turbine generator system. It describes the key components and sections of the gas turbine, including the accessory, air inlet, compressor, combustion, turbine and exhaust sections. It outlines the gas turbine cycle and flow process. It also summarizes the startup steps and possible tripping causes for the gas turbine system.
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Gas Turbine Operation
- 2. INTRODUCTION FLOW DISCRIPTION FUNDAMENTALS DIFFERENT SECTIONS STARTUP STEPS CONTENTS
- 3. INTRODUCTION Model PG-5371 ISO Rated Power 26.3MW Control System MARK V(TMR) RPM 5094 Drive Generator GAS TURBINE
- 5. GAS TURBINE FUNDAMENTAL 1 2 3 4 P V 1 2 COMPRESSION BRAYTON CYCLE 2 3 COMBUSTION 4 1 EXHAUST 3 4 EXPANSION
- 6. GAS TURBINE SECTIONS Accessory Section Air Inlet Section Compressor Section Combustion Section Turbine Section Exhaust Section
- 7. ACCESSORY SECTION Starting Means (Diesel Engine) Torque Converter Accessory Drive gear Main/Auxiliary Lube Oil Pump Emergency Lube Oil Pump Main/Auxiliary Hydraulic Oil Pump Lube Oil Coolers Lube Oil Filters Main Hydraulic Oil Pump Accessory Drive Gear Torque Converter
- 8. Lube Oil Reservoir 1700 Gallon F 5µ Trip Oil Filter Lube Oil Cooler VPR2-1 VPR1-1 VR1-1 F 5µ Lube Oil Filter F 0.5µ Coupling Oil Filter Shaft Driven Gear Pump Auxiliary Pump Emergency Pump Coupling Oil To Hydraulic Oil Pump Bearing Oil Trip Oil
- 9. Accessory Coupling Active Thrust Inactive Thrust No # 1 Journal Bearing Load Coupling Load Equipment Coupling Oil Lube Oil Drain to Reservoir Bearing Oil No # 2 Journal Bearing
- 10. AIR INLET SECTION Filter Compartment Silencing Baffles Trash Screens Air Inlet Plenum Inlet Guide Vanes Filter Compartment Silencing Baffles Air Flow Trash Screen Air Inlet Plenum IGV Pinions Rack
- 11. COMPRESSOR SECTION Inlet Casing Forward Casing Aft Casing Discharge Casing 4th Stage Air 10th Stage Air 17th Stage Air Compressor Rotor
- 12. COMBUSTION SECTION Combustion Chambers Fuel Nozzles Crossfire Tubes Spark Plugs Flame Detectors Transition Pieces
- 13. TURBINE SECTION First Stage Second Stage 1th Stage 2nd Stage
- 14. EXHAUST SECTION Diffuser Exhaust Thermocouples Diverter Damper Guillotine Damper
- 15. FUEL GAS SYSTEM Gas stop/speed ratio valve (SRV) Gas control valve (GCV) Gas pressure gauges Gas vent valve Gas fuel hydraulic trip relay Hydraulic oil operated servo valves
- 16. 90SR-1 65GC-1 Trip Oil SRV GCV Fuel Gas Hydraulic Oil P2 P3 P1 VH5-1 Gas Nozzles 20VG-1
- 17. STARTUP STEPS Purging Warming up time Auxiliary lube/hydraulic oil pump and Ratchet motor start, Jaw clutch will engage, Diesel engine start START (14HR(0% SPEED) CRANKING 14HM(20% SPEED) FIRE (UPTO 50% SPEED) At 60% speed Diesel engine disengage and shutdown ACCELERATE 14HA(50% SPEED) At 95% speed aux lube/hydraulic oil pump stop, bleed valves closes FSNL 14HS(95% SPEED)
- 18. TRIPPING CAUSES High Inlet Filter ∆P Low Lube Oil Pressure Low Trip Oil Pressure High Exhaust Pressure High Lube Oil Temperature High Exhaust Temperature High Temperature Spread Loss Of Flame Over Speed Trip High Vibration Diverter/Guillotine Damper Closed CO2 Released
Editor's Notes
- A gas turbine also known as combustion turbine which produces mechanical energy by the kinetic energy of combustion gases. The Utilities Unit has two General Electric model PG-5371 single shaft gas turbine. Each gas turbine is used to drive 36,600 KVA generator for Plant Electric Energy requirement.
- The MS5001 gas turbine assembly consists of following major sections :
- The MS5001 gas turbine assembly consists of following major sections :
- The accessory section contains mechanical and electrical equipment necessary for starting and operating the gas turbine. Different type of starting means are used for gas turbine starting like steam turbine, electric motor and internal combustion engine, Here we are using Diesel engine as starting means because this has advantages for Black Start. A torque converter is generally a type of hydrodynamic fluid coupling that is used to transfer rotating power from a prime mover to a rotating driven load.
- Lube oil used is Tellus-32.
- Gas turbine performance and reliability are function of the quality and cleanliness of the inlet air entering the turbine. The air inlet section consist of filter compartment containing self cleaning filters, which are used to remove abrasive particulate matter present in entering air. This filtered air sound is reduced with the help of Silencing Baffles & Include Trash Screen to prevent any dislodged material to enter into compressor section from here directed to inlet guide vanes through air inlet plenum. Rack & Pinions mechanism has been used to operate the IGVs. A hydraulic cylinder, mounted on a base cross member, actuates the inlet guide vanes through a large ring gear and multiple small pinion gears. The Min & Max opening is 42-84 Degree Its Functionality is to … Permit fast & Smooth Acceleration without Compressor Surge, Start up / Shut Down Pulsation Protection ,Exhaust Temp Control on CC on/off Reverse Pulse type self cleaning system of 240 filters Cleaning Pulsation start at 4 in H2O & continue till 2 in H2O 17th stage air After cooling in APU is used for Pulsation
- Compressor section consists of 17 stage axial flow compressor. In rotor blades velocity of air increases and in stator blades this velocity is converted to pressure as shown in diagram. Inlet Casing Directs the outside air flow into the compressor Low Pressure Air Seal Bearing #1 Assembly Forward Casing Stator Blading for 0 to 3 stages 4th Stage Air Extracted Aft Casing Stator blading for 4 to 9 Stages 10th stage Air Extracted Discharge Casing Stator blading for 10 to 16Stages Bulkhead contains large holes and studs to mount combustion chambers At aft end of the bulkhead turbine shell is bolted
- The combustion section consists of ten combustion chambers. Each combustion chamber is equipped with fuel nozzle, combustion liner cross firetube and transition piece. The ten combustion chambers are interconnected through crossfire tube to propagate the flame to those combustion chambers which do not have spark plug (8 & 9 Combustion chambers). Combustion of fuel and air mixture is initiated by spark plugs with retracting electrodes. When the flame is established, It then retracts out of the way of hot combustion gases due to increase in compressor discharge pressure at about 50% speed. UV= 40-400nm(x-rays<UV<visible rays) (2 & 3 Combustion chambers). Cross fire tubes enables flame to propagate other chambers which don’t have spark. The transition pieces are the hot gas path link between the combustion liners and the first stage nozzle. Before the compressor discharge air flows into the combustion chamber, it must first pass around the transition pieces. This will result in cooling of transition pieces and preheating the combustion air.
- After 2nd Stage buckets gases is directed into exhaust hood & diffuser (a series of turning vanes to turn the gases from axial to radial direction, minimizing exhaust hood losses) 13 thermocouples are installed in exhaust section to measure the temp of hot gases going towards exhaust duct. Gases passes into exhaust plenum which are either introduced to atmosphere from exhaust stack through Diverter damper or directed to HRSG. Guillotine damper???
- The fuel gas system is designed to deliver gas fuel to the turbine combustion chambers at the proper pressures & flow rates to meet all of the starting, accelerating, loading requirements of gas turbine operation. SRV stands for stop/speed ratio valve which is designed to maintain a predetermined pressure P2 at the inlet of the GCV as a function of Turbine speed. GCV stands for gas control valve which controls the desired gas fuel flow in combustion chambers (response to the FSR command signal).
- Gas fuel hydraulic trip relay Hydraulic oil operated servo valves